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[http://www.garykessler.net/library/ddos.html Defenses Against Distributed Denial of Service Attacks]</ref>

[http://www.garykessler.net/library/ddos.html Defenses Against Distributed Denial of Service Attacks]</ref>

In February, 2000, a massive DDoS attack paralyzed high profile websites including [[Yahoo]]!, [[Buy.com]], [[eBay]], CNN, [[Amazon.com]], [[ZDNet.com]], E-Trade, and Excite, which together lost an estimated amount of $1.7 billion. A suspect, a Canadian juvenile with the online alias "mafiaboy," was arrested on April of the same year. He pleaded guilty on January 18, 2001 on 56 charges of mischief and illegal use of computer services.<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/hackers/whoare/notable.html E-Commerce Giants Crippled in DDoS Attacks]</ref>

In February, 2000, a massive DDoS attack paralyzed high profile websites including [[Yahoo]]!, [[Buy.com]], [[eBay]], CNN, [[Amazon.com]], [[ZDNet.com]], E-Trade, and Excite, which together lost an estimated amount $1.7 billion. A suspect, a Canadian juvenile with the online alias "mafiaboy," was arrested in April of the same year. He pleaded guilty on January 18, 2001 on 56 charges of mischief and illegal use of computer services.<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/hackers/whoare/notable.html E-Commerce Giants Crippled in DDoS Attacks]</ref>

Over the years, intruders have used different DDoS tools to affect computer systems:

Over the years, intruders have used different DDoS tools to affect computer systems:

[http://www.us-cert.gov/reading_room/home-network-security/#III-B-1 Home Network Security]</ref>

[http://www.us-cert.gov/reading_room/home-network-security/#III-B-1 Home Network Security]</ref>

* [[Leaves]], which was capable of updating and changing its functionality during a hack, affected millions of internet users in five Chinese provinces when an unknown hacker attacked the the server of [[DNSPod]], a Chinese domain name registrar in 2009;<ref>[http://news.softpedia.com/news/DDoS-Attack-Leaves-Five-Chinese-Provinces-Without-Internet-112313.shtml DDoS Attack Leaves Five Chinese Provinces Without Internet]</ref>

* [[Leaves]], which was capable of updating and changing its functionality during a hack, affected millions of internet users in five Chinese provinces when an unknown hacker attacked the the server of [[DNSPod]], a Chinese domain name registrar in 2009;<ref>[http://news.softpedia.com/news/DDoS-Attack-Leaves-Five-Chinese-Provinces-Without-Internet-112313.shtml DDoS Attack Leaves Five Chinese Provinces Without Internet]</ref>

In August 2009, [[Twitter]] reported that its website suffered from a DDoS attack.<ref>[http://www.circleid.com/posts/twitter_taken_down_by_ddos_attack_company_confirms/ Twitter Taken Down by DDoS Attack, Company Confirms]</ref> Its 45 million users were unable to use its service for hours. A large quantity of junk e-mails were sent to the website which originated from Russia or Republic of Georgia. According to Bill Woodcock, research director of the Packet Clearing House, the cyber war between Russia and Georgia was extended on the Twitter's website. Facebook and Google were also victims of DDoS attacks during the same day/<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/07/technology/internet/07twitter.html Online Attack Silences Twitter for Much of Day]</ref>

In August 2009, [[Twitter]] reported that its website suffered from a DDoS attack.<ref>[http://www.circleid.com/posts/twitter_taken_down_by_ddos_attack_company_confirms/ Twitter Taken Down by DDoS Attack, Company Confirms]</ref> Its 45 million users were unable to use its service for hours. A large quantity of junk e-mails were sent to the website, originating from Russia or the Republic of Georgia. According to Bill Woodcock, research director of the [[Packet Clearing House]], the cyber war between Russia and Georgia was extended to Twitter's website. Facebook and Google were also victims of DDoS attacks on the same day.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/07/technology/internet/07twitter.html Online Attack Silences Twitter for Much of Day]</ref>

[[Network Solutions]] spokesperson [[Shashi Bellamkonda]] reported that the company experienced a consecutive DDoS attacks on June 20-21, 2011 wherein its costumers were unable to access the server and e-mail and the website became unstable. The company resolved the problem as quickly as possible.<ref>[http://dos-attacks.com/2011/06/22/network-solutions-bounces-back-after-ddos/ Network Solutions Bounces Back After DDoS]</ref>

[[Network Solutions]] spokesperson [[Shashi Bellamkonda]] reported that the company experienced a consecutive DDoS attacks on June 20-21, 2011 wherein its costumers were unable to access the server and e-mail and the website became unstable. The company resolved the problem as quickly as possible.<ref>[http://dos-attacks.com/2011/06/22/network-solutions-bounces-back-after-ddos/ Network Solutions Bounces Back After DDoS]</ref>