Difference between revisions of "ICANN 101"
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| − | [[Image:icons_101.png|frameless|50px| | + | [[Image:icons_101.png|frameless|50px|left]]'''Welcome to the world of ICANN!'''<br /> |
| − | + | If you are new, or even if you aren't, here are a list of important terms that you may need to know. | |
| − | == | + | ==ICANN== |
| − | '''[[ ]]''' | + | '''[[ICANN]]''' stands for the '''Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers'''. It is a private, non-profit organization for the management of the Internet [[DNS]], [[IP Address]]es and [[Autonomous System Numbers]], and the structures that underlie them. It runs on an international, multi-stakeholder model. |
{| cellpadding="10" | {| cellpadding="10" | ||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
| valign="top" align="center" style="border: 1px solid #c0c0c0;" | | | valign="top" align="center" style="border: 1px solid #c0c0c0;" | | ||
<imagemap> | <imagemap> | ||
| − | Image:Portal-Logos_ICANN.jpg| | + | Image:Portal-Logos_ICANN.jpg|200px|center|alt=ICANN|[[ICANN|Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)]] |
| − | default [[ICANN| | + | default [[ICANN|Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)]] |
</imagemap> | </imagemap> | ||
<small>MAIN ARTICLE:</small><br /> | <small>MAIN ARTICLE:</small><br /> | ||
| − | '''[[ICANN| | + | '''[[ICANN|Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)]]'''<br /><br /> |
<small>SEE ALSO:</small><br /> | <small>SEE ALSO:</small><br /> | ||
| Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
| valign="top" align="center" style="border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 270px;" | | | valign="top" align="center" style="border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 270px;" | | ||
<big>'''ICANN Organizational Chart'''</big> | <big>'''ICANN Organizational Chart'''</big> | ||
| − | [[Image:ICANN-Organizational-Structure.png| | + | [[Image:ICANN-Organizational-Structure.png|450px|left|alt=ICANN Organizational Chart]] |
|} | |} | ||
::<h3>GNSO</h3> | ::<h3>GNSO</h3> | ||
| − | ::: '' | + | ::: ''Main article: [[GNSO]]'' |
| − | :: The GNSO is an ICANN [[SO|Supporting Organization]]. | + | :: The GNSO is an ICANN [[SO|Supporting Organization]]. It supports the ICANN Board by developing policies, forming consensus, and making recommendations related to gTLDs. |
::<h3>ccNSO</h3> | ::<h3>ccNSO</h3> | ||
| − | ::: '' | + | ::: ''Main article: [[ccNSO]]'' |
:: The ccNSO is an ICANN Supporting Organization. It supports the ICANN Board by developing policies, forming consensus, and making recommendations related to ccTLDs. | :: The ccNSO is an ICANN Supporting Organization. It supports the ICANN Board by developing policies, forming consensus, and making recommendations related to ccTLDs. | ||
::<h3>ASO</h3> | ::<h3>ASO</h3> | ||
| − | ::: '' | + | ::: ''Main article: [[ASO]]'' |
:: The ASO is an ICANN Supporting Organization. It supports the ICANN Board by developing policies, forming consensus, and making recommendations related to [[Internet Protocol]] and addresses. | :: The ASO is an ICANN Supporting Organization. It supports the ICANN Board by developing policies, forming consensus, and making recommendations related to [[Internet Protocol]] and addresses. | ||
::<h3>GAC</h3> | ::<h3>GAC</h3> | ||
| − | ::: '' | + | ::: ''Main article: [[GAC]]'' |
::The GAC, or Government Advisory Committee, is a committee made up of representatives from various governments to advise the ICANN Board on public policy issues, national laws, and international agreements. | ::The GAC, or Government Advisory Committee, is a committee made up of representatives from various governments to advise the ICANN Board on public policy issues, national laws, and international agreements. | ||
::<h3>RSSAC</h3> | ::<h3>RSSAC</h3> | ||
| − | ::: '' | + | ::: ''Main article: [[RSSAC]]'' |
::The '''Root Server System Advisory Committee (RSSAC)''' advises the ICANN Community and Board on issues pertaining to the operation, administration, security, and integrity of the Internet's Root Server System. | ::The '''Root Server System Advisory Committee (RSSAC)''' advises the ICANN Community and Board on issues pertaining to the operation, administration, security, and integrity of the Internet's Root Server System. | ||
::<h3>SSAC</h3> | ::<h3>SSAC</h3> | ||
| − | ::: '' | + | ::: ''Main article: [[SSAC]]'' |
::The '''Security and Stability Advisory Committee''' ('''SSAC''') advises the [[ICANN Board]] on matters related to the security and integrity of domain names and the allocation of [[IP]] addresses, including but not limited to security assurance for operational matters, administrative matters and registrations matters. | ::The '''Security and Stability Advisory Committee''' ('''SSAC''') advises the [[ICANN Board]] on matters related to the security and integrity of domain names and the allocation of [[IP]] addresses, including but not limited to security assurance for operational matters, administrative matters and registrations matters. | ||
::<h3>NomCom</h3> | ::<h3>NomCom</h3> | ||
| − | ::: '' | + | ::: ''Main article: [[Nominating Committee]]'' |
:: The Nominating Committee, or NomCom, is in charge of selecting various ICANN officers. It is designed to operate independently of all other ICANN Bodies, and to act in the interest of the global internet community. | :: The Nominating Committee, or NomCom, is in charge of selecting various ICANN officers. It is designed to operate independently of all other ICANN Bodies, and to act in the interest of the global internet community. | ||
==Registry== | ==Registry== | ||
| − | : '' | + | : ''Main article: [[Registry]]'' |
A registry is the database of all domain names registered under a certain TLD. A registry operator, also called a NIC or network information center, is responsible for managing this database. They contract with registrars, who are accredited to sell domains under the TLD. | A registry is the database of all domain names registered under a certain TLD. A registry operator, also called a NIC or network information center, is responsible for managing this database. They contract with registrars, who are accredited to sell domains under the TLD. | ||
==Registrar== | ==Registrar== | ||
| − | : '' | + | : ''Main article: [[Registrar]]'' |
A registrar is a company that is authorized to sell domain names. | A registrar is a company that is authorized to sell domain names. | ||
| Line 67: | Line 67: | ||
==DNS== | ==DNS== | ||
| − | : '' | + | : ''Main article: [[DNS]]'' |
: ''See also: [[DNSSEC]]'' | : ''See also: [[DNSSEC]]'' | ||
The DNS, or Domain Name System, is the system that translates between alphanumeric domain names and [[IP Address]]es. | The DNS, or Domain Name System, is the system that translates between alphanumeric domain names and [[IP Address]]es. | ||
==TLD== | ==TLD== | ||
| − | : '' | + | : ''Main article: [[TLD]]'' |
A TLD, or Top Level Domain, is the last part of a domain name, for example: [[.com]], [[.net]], [[.org]]. The two most prominent types of TLDs are gTLDs and ccTLDs. | A TLD, or Top Level Domain, is the last part of a domain name, for example: [[.com]], [[.net]], [[.org]]. The two most prominent types of TLDs are gTLDs and ccTLDs. | ||
===gTLD=== | ===gTLD=== | ||
| − | : '' | + | : ''Main article: [[gTLD]]'' |
A Generic Top Level Domain, or gTLD, is basically any TLD that is not a ccTLD. Previously, gTLDs were limited to being three or more characters. But with the addition of the New gTLD program, two character gTLDs may now be registered. Examples of gTLDs include [[.com]], [[.org]], and [[.info]]. [[sTLD]]s, such as [[.travel]], and [[GeoTLD]]s, such as [[.asia]] and [[.cat]], are a subset of gTLDs. | A Generic Top Level Domain, or gTLD, is basically any TLD that is not a ccTLD. Previously, gTLDs were limited to being three or more characters. But with the addition of the New gTLD program, two character gTLDs may now be registered. Examples of gTLDs include [[.com]], [[.org]], and [[.info]]. [[sTLD]]s, such as [[.travel]], and [[GeoTLD]]s, such as [[.asia]] and [[.cat]], are a subset of gTLDs. | ||
| Line 83: | Line 83: | ||
===ccTLD=== | ===ccTLD=== | ||
| − | : '' | + | : ''Main article: [[ccTLD]]'' |
A Country-Code Top Level Domain, or ccTLD, is a TLD with two characters, specifically designed for a particular country, sovereign state or autonomous territory. [[.uk]], [[.de]], and [[.cn]] are all examples of ccTLDs. | A Country-Code Top Level Domain, or ccTLD, is a TLD with two characters, specifically designed for a particular country, sovereign state or autonomous territory. [[.uk]], [[.de]], and [[.cn]] are all examples of ccTLDs. | ||
==IP== | ==IP== | ||
| − | : '' | + | : ''Main article: [[Internet Protocol]]'' |
: ''See also: [[IPv4]], [[IPv6]], [[Internet Protocol Suite]] | : ''See also: [[IPv4]], [[IPv6]], [[Internet Protocol Suite]] | ||
Internet Protocol is the means by which data is sent from one computer to another via an Internet connection. | Internet Protocol is the means by which data is sent from one computer to another via an Internet connection. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == IDN == | ||
| + | ''Main article: [[IDN]]'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | IDN (Internationalized Domain Names) are formed using characters from different scripts, such as Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic or Devanagari. These are encoded by the Unicode standard and used as allowed by relevant IDN protocols. | ||
[[Category:Getting started]] | [[Category:Getting started]] | ||
Revision as of 22:06, 4 August 2017
Welcome to the world of ICANN!
If you are new, or even if you aren't, here are a list of important terms that you may need to know.
ICANN
ICANN stands for the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. It is a private, non-profit organization for the management of the Internet DNS, IP Addresses and Autonomous System Numbers, and the structures that underlie them. It runs on an international, multi-stakeholder model.
  MAIN ARTICLE: SEE ALSO: |
ICANN Organizational Chart  |
GNSO
- Main article: GNSO
- The GNSO is an ICANN Supporting Organization. It supports the ICANN Board by developing policies, forming consensus, and making recommendations related to gTLDs.
ccNSO
- Main article: ccNSO
- The ccNSO is an ICANN Supporting Organization. It supports the ICANN Board by developing policies, forming consensus, and making recommendations related to ccTLDs.
ASO
- Main article: ASO
- The ASO is an ICANN Supporting Organization. It supports the ICANN Board by developing policies, forming consensus, and making recommendations related to Internet Protocol and addresses.
GAC
- Main article: GAC
- The GAC, or Government Advisory Committee, is a committee made up of representatives from various governments to advise the ICANN Board on public policy issues, national laws, and international agreements.
RSSAC
- Main article: RSSAC
- The Root Server System Advisory Committee (RSSAC) advises the ICANN Community and Board on issues pertaining to the operation, administration, security, and integrity of the Internet's Root Server System.
SSAC
- Main article: SSAC
- The Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC) advises the ICANN Board on matters related to the security and integrity of domain names and the allocation of IP addresses, including but not limited to security assurance for operational matters, administrative matters and registrations matters.
NomCom
- Main article: Nominating Committee
- The Nominating Committee, or NomCom, is in charge of selecting various ICANN officers. It is designed to operate independently of all other ICANN Bodies, and to act in the interest of the global internet community.
Registry
- Main article: Registry
A registry is the database of all domain names registered under a certain TLD. A registry operator, also called a NIC or network information center, is responsible for managing this database. They contract with registrars, who are accredited to sell domains under the TLD.
Registrar
- Main article: Registrar
A registrar is a company that is authorized to sell domain names.
Registrant
A registrant is a person who has registered a domain name through a registrar.
DNS
The DNS, or Domain Name System, is the system that translates between alphanumeric domain names and IP Addresses.
TLD
- Main article: TLD
A TLD, or Top Level Domain, is the last part of a domain name, for example: .com, .net, .org. The two most prominent types of TLDs are gTLDs and ccTLDs.
gTLD
- Main article: gTLD
A Generic Top Level Domain, or gTLD, is basically any TLD that is not a ccTLD. Previously, gTLDs were limited to being three or more characters. But with the addition of the New gTLD program, two character gTLDs may now be registered. Examples of gTLDs include .com, .org, and .info. sTLDs, such as .travel, and GeoTLDs, such as .asia and .cat, are a subset of gTLDs.
New gTLD Program
- The new gTLD Program is a newly approved process by which ICANN will be accepting applications to add new TLDs to the Root Zone. Check out our New gTLD Resources page.
ccTLD
- Main article: ccTLD
A Country-Code Top Level Domain, or ccTLD, is a TLD with two characters, specifically designed for a particular country, sovereign state or autonomous territory. .uk, .de, and .cn are all examples of ccTLDs.
IP
- Main article: Internet Protocol
- See also: IPv4, IPv6, Internet Protocol Suite
Internet Protocol is the means by which data is sent from one computer to another via an Internet connection.
IDN
Main article: IDN
IDN (Internationalized Domain Names) are formed using characters from different scripts, such as Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic or Devanagari. These are encoded by the Unicode standard and used as allowed by relevant IDN protocols.