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Line 95: − * [[Inter-Registrar Transfer Policy]] – the policy developed by ICANN for the safe, straight-forward transfer of domain names from one registrar to another, dispute resolution, and undoing the transfer if it was done as a result of an error. Line 100:
Line 110: − − ===Databases/Systems=== − * [[DNS]] – The database responsible for translating between alphanumeric domain names and IP Addresses. − * [[PSL]] – The Public Suffix List is a database of TLDs including the respective registry's policies on domain registrations at different levels. − * [[Registry]] – a database of all domain names registered under a certain TLD. − * [[Root Zone]] – the highest level of the DNS structure, this database contains the names and the numeric IP addresses for all TLDs. − * [[TAS]] – the official online application system implemented by ICANN. − * [[Trademark Clearinghouse]] – The database of trademarks established by ICANN to enhance the protection of intellectual property on the Internet. − * [[Unicode]] – a character coding system designed to support the worldwide interchange, processing, and display of the written texts. Line 163:
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Line 187: − * [[PEDNR]] – The Post-Expiration Domain Name Recovery policy is for registrants who wish to recover a domain name after it has already expired. − + − * [[TDRP]] – The Transfer Dispute Resolution Policy is a procedure for two registrars who have a dispute over Inter-Registrar domain name transfers. − * [[UDRP]] – The Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy is a set of ICANN guidelines for resolving disputes over domain name registration. − * [[URS]] – The Uniform Rapid Suspension System provides trademark owners with a quick, low-cost process to take down websites that infringe on their intellectual property rights. Line 199:
Line 204: − * [[Net Neutrality]] – determining the degree to which Internet Service Providers can selectively promote certain Internet content and applications to their customers, whether through Zero-Rating, paid prioritization, or other means. Line 222:
Line 226: − * [[Sunrise Period]] – domain registration period during which trademark holders may preregister names that are the same or similar to their trademarks to avoid cybersquatting. It is prior to the general launch of the TLD. − * [[Landrush Period]] – during the introduction of a new TLD, when registration becomes open to the public. This fairly short period follows the Sunrise Period. − + +
no edit summary
* [[IPOC]] – gTLD-MoU Interim Policy Oversight Committee
* [[IPOC]] – gTLD-MoU Interim Policy Oversight Committee
* [[OSC]] – GNSO Operations Steering Committee
* [[OSC]] – GNSO Operations Steering Committee
* [[SIC]] – The Structural Improvements Committee in November 2008 to review policies and provide oversight, as part of ICANN's ongoing organizational review process.
* [[SIC]] – The Structural Improvements Committee reviews policies and provides oversight, as part of ICANN's ongoing organizational review process.
===Panels===
===Panels===
* [[Geographic Names Panel]] – determines whether proposed new gTLDs represent geographic names (a country, territory, sub-national geographic region, city, continent, or UN Region) under the standards set forth by Applicant Guidebook.
* [[Geographic Names Panel]] – determines whether proposed new gTLDs represent geographic names (a country, territory, sub-national geographic region, city, continent, or UN Region) under the standards set forth by Applicant Guidebook.
* [[RSTEP]] – The Registry Services Technical Evaluation Panel is a technical team in the GNSO Generic Name Supporting Organization that assists in the evaluation of requests for new registry services.
* [[RSTEP]] – The Registry Services Technical Evaluation Panel is a technical team in the GNSO Generic Name Supporting Organization that assists in the evaluation of requests for new registry services.
* [[String Similarity Panel]] determines whether there are any similar gTLD strings that may confuse Internet users, compares new gTLD strings with any reserved names, existing TLDs, requested IDN ccTLDs, or other new gTLD string proposals, and examines the IDN tables submitted by applicants.
* [[String Similarity Panel]] – determines whether there are any similar gTLD strings that may confuse Internet users, compares new gTLD strings with any reserved names, existing TLDs, requested IDN ccTLDs, or other new gTLD string proposals, and examines the IDN tables submitted by applicants.
* [[Technical Evaluation Panel]] evaluates the technical components of every new gTLD application based on the Applicant Guidebook, examining whether the applicant can technically operate a new gTLD registry and ensure the stability, security and interoperability of the DNS.
* [[Technical Evaluation Panel]] – evaluates the technical components of every new gTLD application based on the Applicant Guidebook, examining whether the applicant can technically operate a new gTLD registry and ensure the stability, security and interoperability of the DNS.
===Programs===
===Programs===
* [[RAP WG]] – The Registration Abuse Policies Working Group defines domain name registration abuse independently from abuse that occurs from the use of a registered domain name and identifies whether the issues fall under the purview of ICANN's mission.
* [[RAP WG]] – The Registration Abuse Policies Working Group defines domain name registration abuse independently from abuse that occurs from the use of a registered domain name and identifies whether the issues fall under the purview of ICANN's mission.
* [[VIWG]] – The Vertical Integration Working Group oversees gTLD issues that may arise when the functions of a Registry Operator and a Registrar are handled by a single body.
* [[VIWG]] – The Vertical Integration Working Group oversees gTLD issues that may arise when the functions of a Registry Operator and a Registrar are handled by a single body.
* [[WGIG]] a multi-stakeholder working group established by the United Nations Secretary General Kofi Anan following WSIS to define Internet governance, identify policy issues, develop a common understanding of the roles of governments, international organizations, forums, the private sector, and civil society.
* [[WGIG]] – a multi-stakeholder working group established by the United Nations Secretary General Kofi Anan following WSIS to define Internet governance, identify policy issues, develop a common understanding of the roles of governments, international organizations, forums, the private sector, and civil society.
==Concepts==
==Concepts==
* [[Multistakeholder Model]] – approach to governance or policymaking that brings together the primary stakeholders, such as businesses, civil society, governments, research institutions, and non-government organizations, to engage in the dialogue, decision-making, and implementation of solutions to common problems or goals.
* [[Multistakeholder Model]] – approach to governance or policymaking that brings together the primary stakeholders, such as businesses, civil society, governments, research institutions, and non-government organizations, to engage in the dialogue, decision-making, and implementation of solutions to common problems or goals.
* [[Net Neutrality]] – determining the degree to which Internet Service Providers can selectively promote certain Internet content and applications to their customers, whether through Zero-Rating, paid prioritization, or other means.
* [[Right to Be Forgotten]] – (aka Article 17 of the GDPR) refers to a subject's right to obligate the controller of the data in question the erasure of personal information without undue delay.
* [[Right to Be Forgotten]] – (aka Article 17 of the GDPR) refers to a subject's right to obligate the controller of the data in question the erasure of personal information without undue delay.
* [[Universal Acceptance]] – The principle of accepting, validating, storing, processing, and displaying all domain names and email addresses evenly across all applications, devices, and systems.
* [[Universal Acceptance]] – The principle of accepting, validating, storing, processing, and displaying all domain names and email addresses evenly across all applications, devices, and systems.
* [[Universal Access]] – the concept that top-level domain names are accessible globally through any internet browser, server, email client, and computer program.
* [[Universal Access]] – the concept that top-level domain names are accessible globally through any internet browser, server, email client, and computer program.
==Databases/Systems==
* [[DNS]] – The database responsible for translating between alphanumeric domain names and IP Addresses.
* [[PSL]] – The Public Suffix List is a database of TLDs including the respective registry's policies on domain registrations at different levels.
* [[Registry]] – a database of all domain names registered under a certain TLD.
* [[Root Zone]] – the highest level of the DNS structure, this database contains the names and the numeric IP addresses for all TLDs.
* [[TAS]] – the official online application system implemented by ICANN.
* [[Trademark Clearinghouse]] – The database of trademarks established by ICANN to enhance the protection of intellectual property on the Internet.
* [[Unicode]] – a character coding system designed to support the worldwide interchange, processing, and display of the written texts.
* [[URS]] – The Uniform Rapid Suspension System provides trademark owners with a quick, low-cost process to take down websites that infringe on their intellectual property rights.
==Documents==
==Documents==
* [[GTLD-MoU]] – Generic Top Level Domain Name-Memorandum of Understanding, containing proposals to resolve problems associated with DNS domain name allocations, was introduced on February 28, 1997, by the Internet Ad Hoc Committee.
* [[GTLD-MoU]] – Generic Top Level Domain Name-Memorandum of Understanding, containing proposals to resolve problems associated with DNS domain name allocations, was introduced on February 28, 1997, by the Internet Ad Hoc Committee.
* [[ICANN Bylaws]] – the internal rules set forth for ICANN by the ICANN Board.
* [[ICANN Bylaws]] – the internal rules set forth for ICANN by the ICANN Board.
* [[JPA]] – The Joint Project Agreement signed to reach a Memorandum of Understanding between ICANN and the US Department of Commerce in September 2006 to transition DNS management to the private sector (ICANN).
* [[JPA]] – The Joint Project Agreement signed to reach a Memorandum of Understanding between ICANN and the US Department of Commerce in September 2006 to transition DNS management to the private sector (ICANN).
* [[MoU]] – a legal document of agreement between two or more parties. It is not completely obligatory like a legal contract is, but it is more powerful and legitimate than the earlier "gentleman’s agreement."
* [[MoU]] – a legal document of agreement between two or more parties. It is not completely obligatory like a legal contract is, but it is more powerful and legitimate than the earlier "gentleman’s agreement."
* [[Internet Layer]] – A group of internetworking methods, protocols, and specifications used to transport network packets from the originating host across network boundaries.
* [[Internet Layer]] – A group of internetworking methods, protocols, and specifications used to transport network packets from the originating host across network boundaries.
* [[URL]] – a Uniform Resource Locator consists of a protocol that tells the web browser how to retrieve the file or resource; the domain name that identifies the specific web server on the Internet where the file is stored; and a pathname that is a hierarchical description that specifies the location of the particular file on the computer.
* [[URL]] – a Uniform Resource Locator consists of a protocol that tells the web browser how to retrieve the file or resource; the domain name that identifies the specific web server on the Internet where the file is stored; and a pathname that is a hierarchical description that specifies the location of the particular file on the computer.
===Protocols===
===Protocols===
* [[WIPO]] - World Intellectual Property Organization, a UN agency that provides a global forum for intellectual property services, policies, and information.
* [[WIPO]] - World Intellectual Property Organization, a UN agency that provides a global forum for intellectual property services, policies, and information.
* [[W3C]] An international industry consortium that develops protocols and guidelines to ensure the interoperability and growth of the World Wide Web.
* [[W3C]] An international industry consortium that develops protocols and guidelines to ensure the interoperability and growth of the World Wide Web.
==Policies==
* [[Inter-Registrar Transfer Policy]] – the policy developed by ICANN for the safe, straight-forward transfer of domain names from one registrar to another, dispute resolution, and undoing the transfer if it was done as a result of an error.
* [[PEDNR]] – The Post-Expiration Domain Name Recovery policy is for registrants who wish to recover a domain name after it has already expired.
* [[TDRP]] – The Transfer Dispute Resolution Policy is a procedure for two registrars who have a dispute over Inter-Registrar domain name transfers.
* [[UDRP]] – The Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy is a set of ICANN guidelines for resolving disputes over domain name registration.
==Processes==
==Processes==
* [[IANA Functions Stewardship Transition]] – a process and community discussion regarding the United States government's NTIA's provision of the IANA functions to the global Internet community, spearheaded by ICANN.
* [[IANA Functions Stewardship Transition]] – a process and community discussion regarding the United States government's NTIA's provision of the IANA functions to the global Internet community, spearheaded by ICANN.
* [[Internet governance]] – the development of norms and principles relating to how the Internet functions by a group of stakeholders including governments, organizations, and commissions and the regulation and administration of those principals by the parties involved.
* [[Internet governance]] – the development of norms and principles relating to how the Internet functions by a group of stakeholders including governments, organizations, and commissions and the regulation and administration of those principals by the parties involved.
* [[Internet Standards Process]] the IETF-recommended process that a specification undergoes involving developments, iterations of review, revision, and ultimately adoption and publication
* [[SRS]] – Ensuring a Shared Registry System means that an unlimited number of registrars may compete in the domain name registration business by using one shared registry.
* [[SRS]] – Ensuring a Shared Registry System means that an unlimited number of registrars may compete in the domain name registration business by using one shared registry.
===Mechanisms===
===Mechanisms===
* [[ICANN Accountability|Accountability Mechanisms]] – the four tools with which to review and reconsider ICANN’s actions included in the ICANN Bylaws (Empowered Community, Reconsideration, Independent Review Process, and Ombudsman).
* [[ICANN Accountability|Accountability Mechanisms]] – the four tools with which to review and reconsider ICANN’s actions included in the ICANN Bylaws (Empowered Community, Reconsideration, Independent Review Process, and Ombudsman).
*[[PDP]] – the steps an ICANN Supporting Organization takes to fulfill its objectives, generate its guidelines, and structure its actions for recommendation to the ICANN Board.
*[[PDP]] – the steps an ICANN Supporting Organization takes to fulfill its objectives, generate its guidelines, and structure its actions for recommendation to the ICANN Board.
* [[PDDRP]] – a mechanism for trademark owners to take any infringement concerns straight to the registry, bypassing the domain name holder and registrar.
* [[PDDRP]] – a mechanism for trademark owners to take any infringement concerns straight to the registry, bypassing the domain name holder and registrar.
* [[Public Interest Commitment Dispute Resolution Procedure]] – option for registries in violation of the 2013 Registry Agreement Specification 11 or Public Interest Commitments.
* [[Public Interest Commitment Dispute Resolution Procedure]] – option for registries in violation of the 2013 Registry Agreement Specification 11 or Public Interest Commitments.
* [[Pre-Delegation Testing]] – a process allowing ICANN to determine whether registries meet the specific technical and operational requirements to maintain a new gTLD.
* [[Pre-Delegation Testing]] – a process allowing ICANN to determine whether registries meet the specific technical and operational requirements to maintain a new gTLD.
* [[Public Comment]]– ICANN procedure for seeking opinions on proposals initiated by a working group or department.
* [[Public Comment]]– ICANN procedure for seeking opinions on proposals initiated by a working group or department.
* [[RSEP]] – ICANN process for screening and approving proposals made by gTLD operators for new registry services.
* [[RSEP]] – ICANN process for screening and approving proposals made by gTLD operators for new registry services.
* [[String Confusion Objection]] process applicants of New gTLDs or owners of current gTLDs can file against other applications.
* [[String Confusion Objection]] – process applicants of New gTLDs or owners of current gTLDs can file against other applications.
===Practices===
===Practices===
* [[Drop-Catching]] – the auto-registration of domains at the moment of their deletion.
* [[Drop-Catching]] – the auto-registration of domains at the moment of their deletion.
* [[Fast Flux]] – a technique to evade identification and thwart anti-crime efforts aimed at identifying and shutting down websites used for illegal purposes.
* [[Fast Flux]] – a technique to evade identification and thwart anti-crime efforts aimed at identifying and shutting down websites used for illegal purposes.
* [[SEO]] – Search Engine Optimization is a process undertaken by webmasters to increase the number of visitors to a particular website by trying to move up its ranking on a search engine's search results page.
* [[SEO]] – Search Engine Optimization is a process undertaken by webmasters to increase the number of visitors to a particular website by trying to move up its ranking on a search engine's search results page.
* [[Spam]] Sending unsolicited bulk emails, with substantively identical content, to recipients who have not granted permission for the message to be sent.
* [[Spam]] Sending unsolicited bulk emails, with substantively identical content, to recipients who have not granted permission for the message to be sent.
=== TLD Launch Periods ===
=== TLD Launch Periods ===
* [[Extended Evaluation Period]] – the days during which the applications that do not pass the Initial Evaluation but are eligible for further review can receive further consideration.
* [[Extended Evaluation Period]] – the days during which the applications that do not pass the Initial Evaluation but are eligible for further review can receive further consideration.
* [[EAP]] – Early Access Program period during which registries of nTLDs sell premium domain names at higher costs during the Landrush phase than what will become available during the general availability phase at registrars.
* [[EAP]] – Early Access Program period during which registries of nTLDs sell premium domain names at higher costs during the Landrush phase than what will become available during the general availability phase at registrars.
* [[General Availability]] – (aka GA) is the phase following the Sunrise and Landrush Periods; it is open to the public and operates on a first-come, first-served basis.
* [[General Availability]] – (aka GA) is the phase following the Sunrise and Landrush Periods; it is open to the public and operates on a first-come, first-served basis.* [[Sunrise Period]] – domain registration period during which trademark holders may preregister names that are the same or similar to their trademarks to avoid cybersquatting. It is prior to the general launch of the TLD.
* [[Landrush Period]] – during the introduction of a new TLD, when registration becomes open to the public. This fairly short period follows the Sunrise Period.