World Summit on the Information Society
WSIS (World Summit on the Information Society) is a two phase summit endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly under Resolution 56/183 to create a global multi-stakeholder platform to resolve the issues confronting information and communication technology. The summit was participated by more than 19,000 individuals from 174 countries.[1]
Background
The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) initiated the idea of conducting the World Summit on the Information Society(WSIS) in 1998 via Resolution 73. In 1999, the United Nations Secretary General expressed its enormous support to the proposed summit and created the framework for the summit under Resolution 56/183. The resolution also defined the role of ITU in cooperation with other interested organizatio and partners. By 2001, ITU led the preparations in holding the WSIS and decided to conduct it in two phases.The first phase of the Summits to be held in Geneva on December 10-12, 2003 and the second phase in Tunis on November 16-18, 2005.[2]
High-Level Summit Organizing Committee
The High-Level Summit Organizing Committee (HLSOC) was established with the support of UN Secretary General Kofi Annan to coordinate the efforts of the United Nations in the preparation, organization and holding of WSIS. The ITU Secretary General served as CHairman of HLSOC which is composed of a representative of the UN Secretary General and Executive Heads of other international organizations such as the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), World Bank, World Trade Organization (WTO), International Labor Organization (ILO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) etc.[3]
Members of HLSOC
The members of the HLSOC include:[4]
WSIS Executive Secretariat (ITU)
- Mr. Yoshio Utsumi- Secretary General of WSIS and Secretary General of ITU
- Mr. Charles Geiger- Executive Director
- Mr. Pierre Gagne, Executive Director, Geneva Phase
- Mr. Alain Clerc and Ms. Louise Lassonde, Head Civil Society Division
Other members of the Executive Secretariat include:
- Mr. Art Levin, Chief of the ITU Coordination, External Relations and Communication Units
- Dr. Tim Kelly, Chief of ITU Strategy and Policy Unit
- Mr. Fernando Lagraña, Executive Manager of ITU TELECOM
First Phase: Geneva 2003
The first phase of the WSIS which was held in Geneva in 2003 was attended by 11,000 people from 175 countries. The main objective of the event is to create and promote commitment and political will among the participants to take action in making the information society accessible for everyone to be able to achieve their full potential and promote development and experience quality life. This objective was clearly stated in the Declaration of Principle adopted by the participants in the summit.[5] In addition, a Plan of Action was established outlining the specific goals and objectives of the overall Information Society which shall be achieved by 2015 through international cooperation.[6]
Ambassador David Gross, United States coordinator for Communication and Information Policy emphasized the "three pillars" of the U.S. governments stand at the WSIS in Geneva which include: commitment to the private sector and the rule of law must be emphasized in the summit for countries to attract the needed investments for infrastructure, intellectual property protection is needed to inspire on-going content development and security of the internet, electronic communication and electronic commerce should be maintained meaning people should feel secure from cyber attack and their privacy is also secured.[7]
One of the main issues that was strongly objected by the Bush Administration during the WSIS summit in Geneva was the proposal for the United Nations to control the top-level servers that direct traffic to the master data bases for all domain names wherein the ITU, an organization under the UN offered to take over the control from the United States. This idea was highly supported by the European Community.[8]
Second Phase: Tunis 2005
The WSIS Summit in Tunis was attended by more than 19,000 participants from different governments, international organizations, non-government organizations, civil society, business entities and members of the media. During the second phase of the summit, participants repeated their commitment and support for the Geneva Declaration and Action Plan in 2003. The summit in Tunis was focused on the financial strategies to meet the challenges faced by the Information Communication and Technology (ICT) Development. Participants in the summit identified areas of ICT development that need larger financial resources such ICT capacity-building programs, communication access and communication access for ICT services and applications in remote rural areas and small island developing states, Regional backbone infrastructure, regional networks, Network access points, broadband capacity and many other areas and issues that needs to be resolved. In addition, they also recognized the important roles of both private and public sectors in financing ICT infrastructures and they also encouraged multilateral institutions including bilateral to consider helping and providing additional financial support in regional and large scale ICT Infrastructure projects.[9]
Prior to the opening of WSIS Summit in Tunis, UN Secretary General Kofi Annan pointed out that the main objective is not to take over or control the internet but to ensure that poor countries will have access and enjoy the full benefits of the internet and the latest developments in information ad communication technologies. The UN Secretary General also shared the findings from the report of the Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG) wherein a proposal internet stakeholders proposed the creation of a "new space of dialogue" that will bring all stake holders to share information, best practices and problems.He also pointed out that no one proposed for the United Nations to take over the control of the internet from the current technical organization, the [ICANN|Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers] which manages the activities of the internet in an international and private capacity.[10]