Domain Abuse Activity Reporting

Domain Abuse Activity Reporting (DAAR) is a system for studying and reporting on domain name registration and DNS Abuse. The aim of the DAAR project is to develop a methodology for analyzing security threats to inform ICANN policy decisions.

Process

DAAR collects TLD zone data and complements them with third-party Reputation Block Lists based on crowdsourcing, spam filters, and Honeypots that have identified Phishing, Malware, Spam, and Botnet Attacks. The iThreat Cyber Group (ICG) collects and reports to DAAR three data sets.

Zone Data

1. Top-Level Domain Zone Data (through ICANN’s Centralized Zone Data Service)
2. Sponsoring Registrar Registration Data (contractually mandated for gTLDs and volunteered by ccTLDs), and
3. Domain Reputation Data

Reputation Data Sources

1. SURBL
2. Spamhaus
3. Anti-Phishing Working Group
4. PhishTank
5. Malware Patrol
6. Abuse.ch
7. URLAbuse

Reporting

For gTLDs

DAAR data are currently released to registries via ICANN's Service Level Agreement Monitoring (SLAM) system and shared in monthly reports with a median aggregate, aggregated statistics, and time-series analyses.

For ccTLDs

In January 2021, DAAR began providing personalized monthly reports for ccTLDs.

Critiques

At ICANN 71, several issues were raised during the discussion on RBLs and, by extension DAAR. They included that:

1. Neither DAAR nor the RBLs distinguish between maliciously registered and compromised domains;
2. DAAR does not address mitigation or reflect how quickly abuse is addressed;
3. Not immediately up-to-date;
4. Concerns over the inclusion of content-based complaints (see also Bambenek's 2018 validation report, which also mentioned the outsized impact of activity on small registars' risk scores); and
5. False positives.

Domain Abuse Activity Reporting