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Line 43: − − ===Application Details=== − '''Excerpts from response to Question 18:'''<br> − "“Bio” comes from the Greek prefix “bio” which means life or living organism and from which a large number of words have derived, including but not limited to “biology”, “biophysics” and “biopsy”. − − In at least 8 languages spoken in 52 countries, “bio” is also used as short form of words meaning organic farming: − − *“bio” is the short form of “agriculture biologique” in French; − *“bio” is the short form of “Produkte aus biologischer Landwirtschaft” in German; − *“bio” is the short form of “agricoltura biologica” or “prodotto bio” in Italian; − *“bio” is the short form of “Biopotravina” in Czech; − *“bio” is the short form of “bioélelmiszerek” in Hungarian; − *“bio” is the short form of “Agricultura Biológica” in Portuguese; − *“bio” is also used as short form of words meaning organic farming in Norwegian and Dutch. − − “Bio” has clearly different meanings and may refer to organic farming and organic products as well as to biotechnology, biomedical technologies and other fields of life sciences. − − Organic refers to the way
agricultural products,
food and fiber, are grown and
processed. Organic production is based on a system of farming that maintains and replenishes soil fertility without the use of toxic and persistent pesticides and fertilizers. The use of genetic engineering, sewage sludge, cloning, and irradiation are prohibited in organic production and processing. Consumer demand for organic products has widened over the last decade, which is reflected by the continued growth of the organic industry. The organic industry, mostly organic farming and organic food production⁄distribution, are governed by national and international standards and legislations. − Life Sciences encompass companies in the fields of biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, biomedical technologies, life systems technologies, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, food processing, environmental, biomedical devices, and organizations and institutions that devote the majority of their efforts in the various stages of research, development, technology transfer and commercialization. − The key utility and aim of the .bio gTLD is to provide for a focused name space that will serve all industries and business segments covered by the word “bio” while ensuring that organic legislations are respected.... − − In order to manage and control eligibility of registrants involved in the production or distribution of organic products, Starting Dot will draft an EPP extension named ‘accept-policy-dotbio’. This EPP extension will indicate in the .bio registry whether a registrant is involved or not in organic production or⁄and distribution and therefore certifies complying with existing national and international organic standards and legislations as set forth in the .bio domain name registration policies."<ref>[http://gtldresult.icann.org/application-result/applicationstatus/applicationdetails/1607 Application Details, gTLDresultICANN.org]Retrieved 12 Dec 2012</ref> − − ==Delegation and Availability== − .bio was delegated to the Root Zone of the [[DNS]] on 2 June 2014, completing the successful application for the string.<ref name="delegation"></ref>
no edit summary
{{TLD|
{{TLD|
|logo =
|logo = DotBioLogo.png
|status = Delegated
|status =
|manager =
|manager =
|country =
|country =
|language =
|language =
|translation =
|translation =
|registryprovider =
|registryprovider = [[Afilias]]
|registrations =
|registrations =
|date =
|date =
|type = [[gTLD|Generic]]
|type = [[gTLD|Generic]]
|category = [[:Category:Industry New gTLDs|Industry]]
|category =
|community =
|community =
|priority = 908 - [[Starting Dot]]
|website = [http://www.domains.bio/ domains.bio]
|twitter = dot_bio
|priority =
|keypeople =
|keypeople =
}}
}}
'''.bio''' is a [[gTLD]] that was proposed in [[ICANN]]'s [[New gTLD Program]]. [[Starting Dot]], a French-based start-up registry company was the only applicant and is now the [[Registry Operator]] for the string. Their application succeeded and was delegated to the [[Root Zone]] on 2 June 2014.<ref name="delegation">[http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/program-status/delegated-strings Delegated Strings, ICANN.org] Retrieved 4 June 2014</ref>
'''.bio''' is a [[gTLD]] delegated to the [[Root Zone|DNS Root Zone]] in [[ICANN]]'s [[New gTLD Program]] on 2 June 2014.<ref name="delegation">[http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/program-status/delegated-strings Delegated Strings, ICANN.org] Retrieved 15 April 2014</ref> [[Afilias]] is the [[registry]] operator for the gTLD. It was originally managed by [[Starting Dot]] until Afilias acquired the company and its rights to .bio and two other gTLDs ([[.archi]] and [[.ski]]) in August 2016<ref>[http://afilias.info/news/2016/08/08/afilias-acquires-premium-tlds-archi-bio-and-ski Afilias Acquires Premium TLDs .ARCHI, .BIO and .SKI]</ref>
==Meaning==
==Meaning==
===Legal Rights Objection===
===Legal Rights Objection===
The Biotechnology Industry Organization also filed a [[New gTLD Objection|Legal Rights Objection]] against this application. [[WIPO]] panelist Christopher J. Pibus determined that the applicant prevailed, and the objection was dismissed. The panelist decided that: "the Objector has failed to make out its case under the first criteria of Section 3.5.2 of the Guidebook. The evidence does not establish that the Respondent’s use of the <.bio> string will take unfair advantage of the distinctive character or reputation of the Objector’s BIO trade-marks."<ref>[http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/program-status/odr/determination Objections Determinations, ICANN.org] Retrieved 05 Nov 2013</ref>
The Biotechnology Industry Organization also filed a [[New gTLD Objection|Legal Rights Objection]] against this application. [[WIPO]] panelist Christopher J. Pibus determined that the applicant prevailed, and the objection was dismissed. The panelist decided that: "the Objector has failed to make out its case under the first criteria of Section 3.5.2 of the Guidebook. The evidence does not establish that the Respondent’s use of the <.bio> string will take unfair advantage of the distinctive character or reputation of the Objector’s BIO trade-marks."<ref>[http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/program-status/odr/determination Objections Determinations, ICANN.org] Retrieved 05 Nov 2013</ref>
==Contract Signed==
==Contract Signed==
On 6 March 2014 Starting Dot received a [[Registry Agreement]] signed by ICANN for .bio after passing all the required processes needed to become a Registry Operator for the string.<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/about/agreements/registries-date Registry Agreements, ICANN.org] Retrieved 4 June 2014</ref>
On 6 March 2014 Starting Dot received a [[Registry Agreement]] signed by ICANN for .bio after passing all the required processes needed to become a Registry Operator for the string.<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/about/agreements/registries-date Registry Agreements, ICANN.org] Retrieved 4 June 2014</ref>
==References==
==References==