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− | The domain name system allows users to refer to websites and other Internet resources using names rather than the all-numeric IP addresses assigned to each computer on the Internet. Each domain name consists of a series of character strings separated by dots. The right-most string is its top-level domain (TLD), and every TLD is managed by a single [[registry]]. | + | The domain name system allows users to refer to websites and other Internet resources using names rather than the all-numeric IP addresses assigned to each computer on the Internet. Each domain name consists of a series of character strings separated by dots. The right-most string is its top-level domain (TLD), and every TLD is managed by a single [[registry] |
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| + | ==Overview from 1983 to 2021== |
| + | {| class="wikitable" |
| + | ! Dates !! TLDs !! use !! reason !! significance |
| + | |- |
| + | | 1983 || [[.no]] || ccTLD || Norway || the first ccTLD |
| + | |- |
| + | | October 1984 || introduced: [[.com]], [[.net]], [[.org]] || open || any person or entity is permitted to register || the original TLDs |
| + | |- |
| + | | October 1984 || introduced: [[.edu]], [[.gov]], [[.mil]] || limited (sponsored) || for higher educational institutions, United States governmental entities and agencies, and divisions, services and agencies of the United States Department of Defense, respectively || the original TLDs |
| + | |- |
| + | | 1985 || [[.us]], [[.uk]] [[.il]] || ccTLDs || USA, UK, Israel || second, third, and fourth ccTLDs |
| + | |- |
| + | | 1986 || [[.au]], [[.de]], [[.fi]], [[.fr,]] [[.is]], [[.kr]], [[.nl]], [[.se]] || ccTLDs || Australia, Denmark, Finland, France, Iceland, South Korea, Netherlands, Sweden || the next 8 ccTLDs |
| + | |- |
| + | | November 3, 1988 || introduced: [[.int]] || limited (sponsored) || for organizations, offices, and programs endorsed by a treaty between two or more nations || in response to NATO request |
| + | |- |
| + | | 1998 || || || || Domain deregulation; ICANN is formed to oversee Internet names and numbers |
| + | |- |
| + | | May 2000 || [[.arpa]] || limited (sponsored) || all Internet infrastructure databases || |
| + | |- |
| + | | November 16, 2000 || approved: [[.aero]], [[.biz]], [[.coop]], [[.info]], [[.museum]], [[.name]], [[.pro]] || sponsored gTLDs || || |
| + | |- |
| + | | || Approved: [[.asia]], [[.cat]], [[.jobs]], [[.mobi]], [[.tel]], [[.travel]] || sponsored gTLDs || || |
| + | |- |
| + | | April 2011 || introduced: [[.xxx]] || sponsored gTLD || || ICM Registry had been submitting this sTLD for pornographic sites since 2000 |
| + | |- |
| + | | 2012 || introducted: [[.post]] || sponsored gTLD || || |
| + | |- |
| + | | || || [[Community TLD]]s || for a defined community consisting of a restricted population || |
| + | |- |
| + | | June 20, 2011 || || || || ICANN Board votes to dramatically increase the number of gTLDs from the 22 already in operation |
| + | |- |
| + | | June 13, 2012 || || || || Reveal Day: 1,930 applications for new gTLDs submitted; 751 of which were contest |
| + | |- |
| + | | July 15, 2013 || [[сайт]], [[онлайн]], [[شبكة]] , [[游戏]] || || || First four new gTLD aggreements signed |
| + | |- |
| + | | November 9, 2014 || || || || 400th gTLD was delegated |
| + | |- |
| + | | 20 May 2017 || [[ccTLD]]s || || || 255 ccTLDs delegated |
| + | |- |
| + | | June 2020 || [[IDN]] ccTLDs || || || 61 IDN ccTLDs approved |
| + | |- |
| + | | March 2021 || || || || IANA lists 1589 TLDs (1503 in use, 67 not assigned/revoked, 8 retired, 11 test domains) |
| + | |} |
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| ==Varieties of TLDs== | | ==Varieties of TLDs== |