Changes

===Jobs Returns to Apple===

===Jobs Returns to Apple===

In 1996, then Apple CEO Gil Amelio negotiated the acquisition of Next Computer and the NEXT STEP Operating System with Jobs. The plan was to use NEXT STEP the new operating system for a new Mac computer. On January, 7, 1997, Apple and NEXT officially merged. By March of 1997, majority of Apples' top executives left after the company experienced the worst quarter sales loss of $700 million. By July, Amelio resigned as CEO of the company. Jobs was named interim CEO and regained full control of the company he co-founded. In 1998, Apple introduced its new slogan, "Think Different" and the iMAC which became the best selling computer. The success of the iMAC made Jobs the permanent CEO of Apple.<ref>[http://lowendmac.com/orchard/05/next-acquisition.html NeXT, OpenStep, and the Triumphant Return of Steve Jobs]</ref>

In 1996, then Apple CEO Gil Amelio negotiated the acquisition of Next Computer and the NEXT STEP Operating System with Jobs. The plan was to use NEXT STEP the new operating system for a new Mac computer. On January, 7, 1997, Apple and NEXT officially merged. By March of 1997, the majority of Apples' top executives left after the company experienced a quarterly sales loss of $700 million, its worst yet. By July, Amelio resigned as CEO of the company. Jobs was named interim CEO and regained full control of the company he co-founded. In 1998, Apple introduced its new slogan, "Think Different" and released the iMAC, which became the best selling computer. The success of the iMAC made Jobs the permanent CEO of Apple.<ref>[http://lowendmac.com/orchard/05/next-acquisition.html NeXT, OpenStep, and the Triumphant Return of Steve Jobs]</ref>

After Jobs became Apple's CEO, the company started to recover by launching innovative products such as the launching of its first retail store in Virginia<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Apple_Computer_Inc.aspx Lewis, Scott; Covell, Jeffrey. "Apple Computer, Inc." International Directory of Company Histories. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 26 Sep. 2011]</ref> and the iPOd in 2001, which sold 4.4 million units by 2004, followed by iTUnes Music store in 2003, iPhone in 2007 and iPad in 2010 and other products.<ref>[http://www.pcworld.com/article/238745/steve_jobs_at_apple_a_timeline.html Steve Jobs at Apple: A Timeline]</ref> By 2010, the company has a total of 317 retail stores both in the United States and internationally. Apple's total revenue for 2010 was $65.2 billion.<ref>[http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=AAPL:US Financial Statement for Apple, Inc. (AAPL)]</ref>

After Jobs became Apple's CEO, the company started to recover by launching innovative products such as the launching of its first retail store in Virginia<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Apple_Computer_Inc.aspx Lewis, Scott; Covell, Jeffrey. "Apple Computer, Inc." International Directory of Company Histories. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 26 Sep. 2011]</ref>, and the iPod in 2001, which sold 4.4 million units by 2004, followed by iTUnes Music store in 2003, iPhone in 2007 and iPad in 2010.<ref>[http://www.pcworld.com/article/238745/steve_jobs_at_apple_a_timeline.html Steve Jobs at Apple: A Timeline]</ref> By 2010, the company had a total of 317 retail stores both in the United States and internationally. Apple's total revenue for 2010 was $65.2 billion.<ref>[http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=AAPL:US Financial Statement for Apple, Inc. (AAPL)]</ref>

==Market Failures==

==Market Failures==

===Apple III===

===Apple III===

On May 19, 1980, Apple Computer unveiled the successor of Apple II during the National Computer Conference at Anaheim, California. The Apple III had 128 K RAM with a built-in floppy drive and 4 internal expansion slots compatible with Apple II cards. The Apple III had a silent-type support built in using the Port A. During the development of Apple III, Jobs instructed the project development team to create a computer with smaller dimension without a cooling fan to make the product look elegant and to reduce noise when operating the machine. As instructed, the development team fit in all the components of the computer in a small dimension minus the cooling fun.  Consumers who bought the machine complained of motherboard overheat, chips came out of their sockets and the real time clock did not work. Apple III was recalled. Apple Comput On April 24, 1984, Apple Computer introduced  Apple III plus, an improved version of the Apple III. It has a standard 256 KB RAM, built-in clock and video capability. The product did not click to consumers and it was pulled out from the market after four months. In short, the Apple III project was a complete failure. The company ony sold a total of 65,000 units. <ref>[http://oldcomputers.net/appleiii.html Apple III]</ref>  <ref>[http://www.csmonitor.com/Business/2011/0917/Evolution-of-an-Apple-revolution Evolution of an Apple Revolution]</ref> <ref>[http://www.applelogic.org/AIIIDesignBugs.html What really killed the Apple III]</ref>

On May 19, 1980, Apple Computer unveiled the successor of Apple II during the National Computer Conference at Anaheim, California. The Apple III had 128 K RAM with a built-in floppy drive and 4 internal expansion slots compatible with Apple II cards. The Apple III had a silent-type support built in using the Port A. During the development of Apple III, Jobs instructed the project development team to create a computer with smaller dimension without a cooling fan to make the product look elegant and to reduce noise when operating the machine. As instructed, the development team fit in all the components of the computer in a small dimension minus the cooling fun.  Consumers who bought the machine complained of the motherboard overheating, chips coming out of their sockets, and that the real time clock did not work. Apple III was recalled. On April 24, 1984, Apple Computer introduced  Apple III plus, an improved version of the Apple III. It had a standard 256 KB RAM, built-in clock, and video capability. The product did not click with consumers and it was pulled from the market after four months. In short, the Apple III project was a complete failure. The company ony sold a total of 65,000 units.<ref>[http://oldcomputers.net/appleiii.html Apple III]</ref>  <ref>[http://www.csmonitor.com/Business/2011/0917/Evolution-of-an-Apple-revolution Evolution of an Apple Revolution]</ref> <ref>[http://www.applelogic.org/AIIIDesignBugs.html What really killed the Apple III]</ref>

===LISA Computers===

===LISA Computers===

The Local Integrated Software Architecture (LISA) was was the first powerful computer with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) developed by Apple Computer specifically designed for businesses. The LISA Project started in 1979 after a stock deal between Apple and Xerox. During that time Xerox was developing three new technologies; the graphic user interface, object oriented programming (OOP) and ethernet networking. Part of the stock deal is to allow Steve Jobs to observe the new technologies being worked in at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). Apple Computer developed LISA based on the Xerox Star System and it took the corporation four years and spent $50 million to complete the project. LISA was launched in 1983 with with 1MB RAM, 2MB ROM, 5MB hard drive with a mouse, a device used to point and click an icon on the screen instead of typing a command on the keyboard and two internal non-standard 871K 5-1/4$ inch "Twiggy" floppy drives. Its’ operating system known as Lisa Office Sytem (LOS) was composed of seven applications: LisaWrite, LisaCalc, LisaList, LisaProject, LisaDraw, LisaPaint, and LisaTerminal. The computer’s price was $9995.  The floppy drives of the computer turned out weak. After selling around 6,500 units, the company decided to offered consumers to upgrade their twiggy drives for free with a more reliable single 400K 3-1/2 inch Sony floppy drive. After one year, Apple Computer released LISA 2 , a newer version with the Macintosh Operating System which was renamed in 1985 as LISA the Macintosh XL. The company discontinued the LISA product line after selling 100,000 units. The LISA computers failed despite its innovations because of it was expensive for consumers.<ref>[http://www.fortunecity.com/marina/reach/435/lisa.htm PC Museum- Apple Lisa]</ref> <ref>[http://oldcomputers.net/lisa.html Apple Lisa]</ref>

The Local Integrated Software Architecture (LISA) was was the first powerful computer with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) developed by Apple Computer specifically designed for businesses. The LISA Project started in 1979 after a stock deal between Apple and Xerox. During that time Xerox was developing three new technologies; the graphic user interface, object oriented programming (OOP) and ethernet networking. Part of the stock deal is to allow Steve Jobs to observe the new technologies being worked in at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). Apple Computer developed LISA based on the Xerox Star System and it took the corporation four years and spent $50 million to complete the project. LISA was launched in 1983 with with 1MB RAM, 2MB ROM, 5MB hard drive with a mouse, a device used to point and click an icon on the screen instead of typing a command on the keyboard and two internal non-standard 871K 5-1/4$ inch "Twiggy" floppy drives. Its’ operating system known as Lisa Office Sytem (LOS) was composed of seven applications: LisaWrite, LisaCalc, LisaList, LisaProject, LisaDraw, LisaPaint, and LisaTerminal. The computer’s price was $9995.  The floppy drives of the computer turned out weak. After selling around 6,500 units, the company decided to offered consumers to upgrade their twiggy drives for free with a more reliable single 400K 3-1/2 inch Sony floppy drive. After one year, Apple Computer released LISA 2 , a newer version with the Macintosh Operating System which was renamed in 1985 as LISA the Macintosh XL. The company discontinued the LISA product line after selling 100,000 units. The LISA computers failed despite its innovations because of it was expensive for consumers.<ref>[http://www.fortunecity.com/marina/reach/435/lisa.htm PC Museum- Apple Lisa]</ref> <ref>[http://oldcomputers.net/lisa.html Apple Lisa]</ref>

<ref>[http://www.mac-history.net/apple-lisa/2007-10-12/apple-lisa MAC History-Apple Lisa]</ref>

<ref>[http://www.mac-history.net/apple-lisa/2007-10-12/apple-lisa MAC History-Apple Lisa]</ref>

==Leadership==

==Leadership==

===Jobs Steps Down as CEO===

===Jobs Steps Down as CEO===

On August 2011, Jobs resigned as CEO of Apple. In his resignation letter Jobs wrote, "I have always said if there ever came a day when I could no longer meet my duties and expectations as Apple’s CEO, I would be the first to let you know. Unfortunately, that day has come. I hereby resign as CEO of Apple. I would like to serve, if the Board sees fit, as Chairman of the Board, director and Apple employee. As far as my successor goes, I strongly recommend that we execute our succession plan and name Tim Cook as CEO of Apple." <ref>[http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110824006503/en/Letter-Steve-Jobs Letter from Steve Jobs]</ref> As per Jobs recommendation, Cook was named CEO of the company. Jobs continued to serve as Chairman of the Board.<ref>[http://www.macobserver.com/tmo/article/apple_names_tim_cook_ceo_steve_jobs_as_chairman/ Apple Names Tim Cook CEO, Steve Jobs as Chairman]</ref>

In August 2011, Jobs resigned as CEO of Apple. In his resignation letter Jobs wrote, "I have always said if there ever came a day when I could no longer meet my duties and expectations as Apple’s CEO, I would be the first to let you know. Unfortunately, that day has come. I hereby resign as CEO of Apple. I would like to serve, if the Board sees fit, as Chairman of the Board, director, and Apple employee. As far as my successor goes, I strongly recommend that we execute our succession plan and name Tim Cook as CEO of Apple." <ref>[http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110824006503/en/Letter-Steve-Jobs Letter from Steve Jobs]</ref> As per Jobs recommendation, Cook was named CEO of the company. Jobs continued to serve as Chairman of the Board.<ref>[http://www.macobserver.com/tmo/article/apple_names_tim_cook_ceo_steve_jobs_as_chairman/ Apple Names Tim Cook CEO, Steve Jobs as Chairman]</ref>

 

<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/10/10/scitech/main20118343.shtml?tag=storyMediaBox;post SpecialReport Jobs' death caused by respiratory arrest, cancer]</ref>

===Current Leadership===

===Death of Steve Jobs===

The current leadership of Apple include:<ref>[http://www.apple.com/pr/bios/ Executive Profiles]</ref>

Two months after stepping down from his position as CEO of Apple, Steve Jobs passed away; it happened on October 5, 2011 at the age of 56. The statement released by the company board of directors reads: "We are deeply saddened to announce that Steve Jobs passed away today. Steve’s brilliance, passion and energy were the source of countless innovations that enrich and improve all of our lives. The world is immeasurably better because of Steve. His greatest love was for his wife, Laurene, and his family. Our hearts go out to them and to all who were touched by his extraordinary gifts."<ref>[http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/10/05Statement-by-Apples-Board-of-Directors.html Statement by Apple’s Board of Directors]</ref> According to the death certificate released by the Santa Clara Health Department, Jobs died due to respiratory arrest. Jobs had been suffering from a metastatic pancreas neuroendocrine tumor since 2004. He also received a liver a transplant in 2009.<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/10/10/scitech/main20118343.shtml?tag=storyMediaBox;post SpecialReport Jobs' death caused by respiratory arrest, cancer]</ref>

===Executives===

===Current Executives===

* Tim Cook, CEO

* Tim Cook, CEO

* Eddy Cue, SVP Internet Software and Services

* Eddy Cue, SVP Internet Software and Services

* Jeff Williams, SVP Operations

* Jeff Williams, SVP Operations

===Board of Directors===  

===Current Board of Directors===  

* William V. Campbell, Chairman and Intuit, Inc.

* William V. Campbell, Chairman and Intuit, Inc.

* Tim Cook, CEO Apple

* Tim Cook, CEO Apple

* Ronald D. Sugar, Ph. D.Former Chairman and CEO Northrop Grumman

* Ronald D. Sugar, Ph. D.Former Chairman and CEO Northrop Grumman

==References==

==ICANN Involvement==

 

[[Category:Electronics]]

 

[[Category:Companies]]