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− | The [[Domain Name System|domain name system]] allows users to refer to websites and other Internet resources using names rather than the all-numeric IP addresses assigned to each computer on the Internet. Each domain name consists of a series of character strings separated by dots. The right-most string is the '''top-level domain (TLD)'''. Every TLD is managed by a single [[:Category:Registries|registry]]. | + | The '''top-level domain (TLD)''' is the right-most string, or series of characters, in every [[URL|web address]]. The [[Domain Name System|domain name system]] allows users to refer to websites and other Internet resources using names rather than the all-numeric IP addresses assigned to each computer on the Internet. Every TLD is managed by a single [[:Category:Registries|registry]]. |
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| ==TLD Growth - Overview from 1983 to 2021== | | ==TLD Growth - Overview from 1983 to 2021== |
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| | April 2011 || [[.xxx]] || Sponsored gTLD || || [[ICM Registry]] had submitted proposals for this sTLD for pornographic sites since 2000 | | | April 2011 || [[.xxx]] || Sponsored gTLD || || [[ICM Registry]] had submitted proposals for this sTLD for pornographic sites since 2000 |
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− | | June 20, 2011 || || || || [[ICANN Board]] votes to dramatically increase the number of gTLDs from the 22 already in operation | + | | June 20, 2011 || [[.post]] || sTLD || last TLD before New TLD Program || [[ICANN Board]] votes to dramatically increase the number of gTLDs from the 22 already in operation |
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| | January 12, 2012 || || [[Community TLD|community]] or standard || applicant decides if the nTLD is for a defined community consisting of a restricted population; the distinction between sponsored/unsponsored TLDs is deemed irrelevant to this round of nTLDs ||The application window for [[All New gTLD Applications]] opens | | | January 12, 2012 || || [[Community TLD|community]] or standard || applicant decides if the nTLD is for a defined community consisting of a restricted population; the distinction between sponsored/unsponsored TLDs is deemed irrelevant to this round of nTLDs ||The application window for [[All New gTLD Applications]] opens |
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− | | June 13, 2012 || -- || -- || -- || Reveal Day: [[All New gTLD Applications|1,930 applications for new gTLDs submitted]]; '''751''' of which were contested | + | | June 13, 2012 || [[.scot]] || community nTLD application || for Scottish culture || Reveal Day: [[All New gTLD Applications|1,930 applications for new gTLDs submitted]]; '''751''' of which were contested |
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| | July 15, 2013 || [[.сайт]], [[.онлайн]], [[.شبكة]], [[.游戏]] || [[IDN]] nTLDs || (xn--80aswg) – Russian for "site"; (xn--80asehdb) – Russian for "online"شبكة (xn--ngbc5azd) – Arabic for "web/network"; (xn--unup4y) – Chinese for "game(s)" || First four nTLD aggreements signed | | | July 15, 2013 || [[.сайт]], [[.онлайн]], [[.شبكة]], [[.游戏]] || [[IDN]] nTLDs || (xn--80aswg) – Russian for "site"; (xn--80asehdb) – Russian for "online"شبكة (xn--ngbc5azd) – Arabic for "web/network"; (xn--unup4y) – Chinese for "game(s)" || First four nTLD aggreements signed |
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| | June 2020 || [[IDN]] ccTLDs || -- || -- || 61 IDN ccTLDs approved | | | June 2020 || [[IDN]] ccTLDs || -- || -- || 61 IDN ccTLDs approved |
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− | | March 2021 || -- || -- || -- || [[IANA]] lists 1589 TLDs (1503 in use, 67 not assigned/revoked, 8 retired, 11 test domains) | + | | October 17, 2020 || [[.spa]] || nTLD || latest delegated nTLD || [[IANA]] lists 1589 TLDs (1503 in use, 67 not assigned/revoked, 8 retired, 11 test domains) |
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| ==Reserved Names== | | ==Reserved Names== |
− | Some domain names are reserved, which means they can only be used (if at all) by the entities for whom they are reserved. | + | Some domain names are reserved, which means they can only be used (if at all) by the [[:Category:Entities|entities]] for whom they are reserved. |
| * [[ccTLDs|country code top-level domains]] | | * [[ccTLDs|country code top-level domains]] |
| * [[ICANN|related to ICANN]] | | * [[ICANN|related to ICANN]] |