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Line 1: − {{Glossary| − |note = This article is neutral, but is [[Sponsorship|sponsored]] by [[Dyn|Dyn, Inc.]],<br> a leading provider of [[DNS]] & [[DNSSEC]] services <br/> and a supporter of the Multistakeholder Model.<br> Lean more about their services [http://dyn.com/ here]. − |logo = DynLogo.png − |link = http://icannwiki.com/index.php/Dyn − |silversponsor = ICANNWiki [[Sponsorship|Silver Sponsor]] − }} − Line 32:
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-Category:Glossary; +Category:Concepts using HotCat
A '''Multistakeholder Model''' is an organizational framework or structure which adopts the multistakeholder process of governance or policy making, which aims to bring together the primary stakeholders such as businesses, civil society, governments, research institutions and non-government organizations to cooperate and participate in the dialogue, decision making and implementation of solutions to common problems or goals. A stakeholder refers to an individual, group or organization that has a direct or indirect interest or stake in a particular organization; that is, a given action has the ability to influence the organization's actions, decisions and policies to achieve results.<ref>[http://www.investorglossary.com/stakeholder.htm Stakeholder Definition]</ref>
A '''Multistakeholder Model''' is an organizational framework or structure which adopts the multistakeholder process of governance or policy making, which aims to bring together the primary stakeholders such as businesses, civil society, governments, research institutions and non-government organizations to cooperate and participate in the dialogue, decision making and implementation of solutions to common problems or goals. A stakeholder refers to an individual, group or organization that has a direct or indirect interest or stake in a particular organization; that is, a given action has the ability to influence the organization's actions, decisions and policies to achieve results.<ref>[http://www.investorglossary.com/stakeholder.htm Stakeholder Definition]</ref>
ICANN's primary role is to coordinate the Internet naming system worldwide.<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/about/ About ICANN]</ref> According to former [[ICANN CEO]], [[Rod Beckstrom]], the ICANN multistakeholder model serves as the catalyst for the internet and he describes it as open, inclusive, balancing, effective and international.<ref>
ICANN's primary role is to coordinate the Internet naming system worldwide.<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/about/ About ICANN]</ref> According to former [[ICANN CEO]], [[Rod Beckstrom]], the ICANN multistakeholder model serves as the catalyst for the internet and he describes it as open, inclusive, balancing, effective and international.<ref>
[http://www.icann.org/en/news/releases/release-27sep11-en.pdf Beckstrom Points to Multi-stakeholder Model as “Catalyst for the Internet”]</ref> During the Futurecom Information Technology conference in Sao Paulo, he said that the multistakeholder model is aimed at "increasing the participation of diverse groups from all around the globe" and praised Brazil's decision to adopt a multi-stakeholder approach in governing the country's Internet. He said, ''“It is an example of the Brazilian government’s wisdom in saying we want the private sector, we want the civil society, and academic leaders, Internet experts and corporations to come together and provide the Internet Strategy for the country.”''<ref>[http://www.domainnews.com/en/rod-beckstrom-praises-brazils-multi-stakeholder-model-of-internet-coordination.html Rod Beckstrom praises Brazil's Multi Stakeholder Model of Internet Coordination]</ref>
[http://www.icann.org/en/news/releases/release-27sep11-en.pdf Beckstrom Points to Multi-stakeholder Model as “Catalyst for the Internet”]</ref> During the Futurecom Information Technology conference in Sao Paulo, he said that the multistakeholder model is aimed at "increasing the participation of diverse groups from all around the globe" and praised Brazil's decision to adopt a multi-stakeholder approach in governing the country's Internet. He said, “It is an example of the Brazilian government’s wisdom in saying we want the private sector, we want the civil society, and academic leaders, Internet experts and corporations to come together and provide the Internet Strategy for the country.”<ref>[http://www.domainnews.com/en/rod-beckstrom-praises-brazils-multi-stakeholder-model-of-internet-coordination.html Rod Beckstrom praises Brazil's Multi-Stakeholder Model of Internet Coordination]</ref>
===2021-2025 Strategic Plan===
During its strategic planning process, the [[ICANN Board]] identified the [[Evolution of the Multistakeholder Model|improvement of ICANN's multistakeholder governance model]] as a core goal for the five-year strategic plan beginning in the fiscal year 2021.<ref name="msmhome">[https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/governance-plan-improve-multistakeholder-model-2019-04-08-en ICANN.org - Governance Plan - Enhancing the Effectiveness of ICANN's Multistakeholder Model], April 8, 2019</ref>
==Debate over ICANN's Multistakeholder Model==
==Debate over ICANN's Multistakeholder Model==
Another issue that challenged the multistakeholder process was the 2012 [[New gTLD Program|new gTLD expansion program]]. Many organizations, particularly the [[ANA|Association of National Advertisers]] (ANA) and the [[CRIDO|Coalition for Responsible Internet Domain Oversight]] (CRIDO) and other trademark advocates, criticized the program and asked the NTIA and United States Congress to stop it during a Congressional inquiry.<ref>[http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/121911-domain-names-254226.html?page=1 Critics stage last-ditch effort to derail domain name expansion plan]</ref> Once again, NTIA decided not to interfere with ICANN's decision and stood firm in its commitment to promoting the multistakeholder model of Internet governance. The NTIA reiterated, ''"NTIA is dedicated to maintaining an open, global Internet that remains a valuable tool for economic growth, innovation, and the free flow of information, goods, and services online. We believe the best way to achieve this goal is to continue to actively support and participate in multistakeholder Internet governance processes such as ICANN. How ICANN handles the new gTLD program will, for many, be a litmus test of the viability of this approach. For its part, NTIA is committed to continuing to be an active member of the [[GAC]] and working with stakeholders to mitigate any unintended consequences of the new gTLD program."''<ref>[http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42351.pdf Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress, Lennard G. Kruger, February 9, 2012]</ref>
Another issue that challenged the multistakeholder process was the 2012 [[New gTLD Program|new gTLD expansion program]]. Many organizations, particularly the [[ANA|Association of National Advertisers]] (ANA) and the [[CRIDO|Coalition for Responsible Internet Domain Oversight]] (CRIDO) and other trademark advocates, criticized the program and asked the NTIA and United States Congress to stop it during a Congressional inquiry.<ref>[http://www.networkworld.com/news/2011/121911-domain-names-254226.html?page=1 Critics stage last-ditch effort to derail domain name expansion plan]</ref> Once again, NTIA decided not to interfere with ICANN's decision and stood firm in its commitment to promoting the multistakeholder model of Internet governance. The NTIA reiterated, ''"NTIA is dedicated to maintaining an open, global Internet that remains a valuable tool for economic growth, innovation, and the free flow of information, goods, and services online. We believe the best way to achieve this goal is to continue to actively support and participate in multistakeholder Internet governance processes such as ICANN. How ICANN handles the new gTLD program will, for many, be a litmus test of the viability of this approach. For its part, NTIA is committed to continuing to be an active member of the [[GAC]] and working with stakeholders to mitigate any unintended consequences of the new gTLD program."''<ref>[http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42351.pdf Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress, Lennard G. Kruger, February 9, 2012]</ref>
===Strickling Supports Multistakeholder Process===
===Strickling Supports Multistakeholder Process===
During the [[IGF|Internet Governance Forum]] (IGF) in Nairobi on September 27, 2011, NTIA Assistant Secretary [[Larry Strickling]], a consistent supporter of the multi-stakeholder model, stated that the multistakeholder process in Internet governance is being challenged because of the increasing restrictions by nations of the free flow of information over the Internet, disputes between standard bodies, and appeals for government interventions on the terms and conditions for exchanging Internet traffic. He also cited that the latest proposal by India, Brazil and South Africa to create a new international organization to manage the Internet. Secretary Strickling poined out that the existing Internet has been a very effective vehicle for economic growth and innovation, and that it was established through the hard work of multistakeholder organizations such as the [[ISOC|Internet Society], the [[IETF|Internet Engineering Task Force]] (IETF) and the [[World Wide Web Consortium]]. Strickling emphasized that the multistakeholder process is characterized by openness, inclusiveness, speed, flexibility, and decentralized problem solving in Internet governance. He encouraged IGF participants to continue to support ICANN's multistakeholder process and to continue to expand jobs, economic development, wealth and fundamental rights and freedoms for all.<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/headlines/2011/opening-session-remarks-assistant-secretary-strickling-internet-governance-forum Opening Session Remarks of Assistant Secretary Strickling at the Internet Governance Forum]</ref>
During the [[IGF|Internet Governance Forum]] (IGF) in Nairobi on September 27, 2011, NTIA Assistant Secretary [[Larry Strickling]], a consistent supporter of the multi-stakeholder model, stated that the multistakeholder process in Internet governance is being challenged because of the increasing restrictions by nations of the free flow of information over the Internet, disputes between standard bodies, and appeals for government interventions on the terms and conditions for exchanging Internet traffic. He also cited that the latest proposal by India, Brazil and South Africa to create a new international organization to manage the Internet. Secretary Strickling poined out that the existing Internet has been a very effective vehicle for economic growth and innovation, and that it was established through the hard work of multistakeholder organizations such as the [[ISOC|Internet Society]], the [[IETF|Internet Engineering Task Force]] (IETF) and the [[World Wide Web Consortium]]. Strickling emphasized that the multistakeholder process is characterized by openness, inclusiveness, speed, flexibility, and decentralized problem solving in Internet governance. He encouraged IGF participants to continue to support ICANN's multistakeholder process and to continue to expand jobs, economic development, wealth and fundamental rights and freedoms for all.<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/headlines/2011/opening-session-remarks-assistant-secretary-strickling-internet-governance-forum Opening Session Remarks of Assistant Secretary Strickling at the Internet Governance Forum]</ref>
===Effects of COVID Pandemic===
By March 2022, most [[ICANN Community]] members had not sat in the same room as their peers for over two years, because ICANN’s public meetings had been held over Zoom since the start of 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic. In turn, the fallout from COVID fatigue began surfacing in think pieces on ''[[CircleID]]'',<ref>[https://circleid.com/posts/20220328-facing-the-future-of_icann_volunteer-recruitment Facing the Future of ICANN Volunteer Recruitment, CircleID]</ref><ref>[https://circleid.com/posts/20220328-time-for-a-better-vision-of-internet-governance-multistakeholderism-to-citizenship Time for a Better Vision of IG: Multistakeholder to Citizenship, CircleID]</ref> in letters to the [[ICANN Board]],<ref>[https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/correspondence/hilyard-et-al-to-botterman-sanchez-22mar22-en.pdf ALAC to ICANN Board, March 22, 2022, ICANN Correspondence]</ref> and in many of the sessions at [[ICANN 73]]. A key point of contention was whether the multistakeholder model could achieve [[equity in incentivizing ICANN participants, especially those not paid to engage in [[Internet Governance]]. For instance, in a letter to the Board, [[ALAC]] Chair [[Maureen Hilyard]], [[Marita Moll]], and [[Joanna Kulesza]] noted that "it was important to establish ways of 'valuing' as well as of 'showing a return on'" work beyond mere words of appreciation.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/correspondence/hilyard-et-al-to-botterman-sanchez-22mar22-en.pdf ALAC to ICANN Board, March 22, 2022, ICANN Correspondence]</ref> Another was whether the MSM would continue to be up to 21st-century challenges. In making his case for why IG should move from the MSM to a democratic citizenship model, [[Klaus Stoll]] explains that "In a democracy, who is a citizen and their rights and responsibilities in well-defined policy-making processes are based on fundamental common human rights values, such as equity, inclusiveness, and transparency. The common goal is to enable the well-being of all. We miss all of this in multistakeholderism."<ref>[https://circleid.com/posts/20220328-time-for-a-better-vision-of-internet-governance-multistakeholderism-to-citizenship Time for a Better Vision of IG: Multistakeholder to Citizenship, CircleID]</ref>
==References==
==References==
[[Category:Glossary]]
[[Category:Concepts]]