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− | The '''Domain Name System (DNS''') is a hierarchical naming system for computers, services, or any other resources connected to the Internet. See [[How the Domain Name System Works]] for a brief overview of the DNS. | + | The '''Domain Name System (DNS''') is a hierarchical naming system for computers, services, or any other resources connected to the Internet. See [[How the Domain Name System Works]] for a brief overview of the DNS. See [[Pre-ICANN History of the DNS]] for the development of the DNS in the 20th century. The DNS is a Namespace: a collection of wordstrings organized into a hierarchy of labels. It is a distributed name registration framework that assigns unique licenses to use to human-readable strings for money. It is also distributed database that assigns wordstrings to IP addresses. It is a protocol to resolve wordstrings into an attribute (a singular IP address. It is a signaling medium.<ref>[https://apacdnsforum.my/virtual/180/lobby Geoff Huston, Future of the Domain Name System, APAC DNS Forum 2022]</ref> |
− | | |
| ==DNS Components== | | ==DNS Components== |
| *[[Distributed Database]]: an archive of information about the computers in a network | | *[[Distributed Database]]: an archive of information about the computers in a network |
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| ===[[Top-Level Domain|Top-Level Domains]]=== | | ===[[Top-Level Domain|Top-Level Domains]]=== |
| *The DNS maintains a database of top-level domains (TLDs) that can be accessed via the Internet. Top-level domains fall into three broad categories: | | *The DNS maintains a database of top-level domains (TLDs) that can be accessed via the Internet. Top-level domains fall into three broad categories: |
− | **[[GTLD|generic TLDs]] (gTLDs); | + | **[[GTLD|generic TLDs]] (gTLDs); |
− | **[[CcTLD|country code TLDs]] (ccTLDs); and | + | **[[CcTLD|country code TLDs]] (ccTLDs); and |
| **[[Internationalized Domain Name|internationalized domain names]] (IDNs) | | **[[Internationalized Domain Name|internationalized domain names]] (IDNs) |
| *[[Registry]] operators maintain the database of registrations for a particular TLD. | | *[[Registry]] operators maintain the database of registrations for a particular TLD. |
| *[[Registrar|Registrars]] allow [[registrant|registrants]] to register a domain name. | | *[[Registrar|Registrars]] allow [[registrant|registrants]] to register a domain name. |
| + | |
| + | ===Foundational Operating Documents=== |
| *[[RFC 1591]] remains a core conceptual framework describing [[IANA]]'s role in the delegation and oversight of top-level domains. | | *[[RFC 1591]] remains a core conceptual framework describing [[IANA]]'s role in the delegation and oversight of top-level domains. |
| + | *The [[Affirmation of Commitments]] formed the basis for much of ICANN's mission and operational mandate to maintain the security, stability, and resiliency of the DNS. |
| | | |
| ==Challenges== | | ==Challenges== |
− | [[DNS Value and Vulnerability|Ensuring the resiliency, stability, and security of the DNS is critical to perpetuating the usefulness of the Internet]]. The DNS has two key types of vulnerabilities: complexity and bad actors. | + | Continuing the hegemony of the DNS as the Internet means coping with the issues and questions about control ([[Internet Governance|who gets to control it]]), [[Data Privacy]], [[trust]], [[Internet Fragmentation|fragmentation]], security as a rendezvous tool and a collection of markets, [[DNS Abuse]], [https://www.icann.org/en/public-comment/proceeding/recommendations-for-early-warning-for-root-zone-scaling-05-10-2020 scaling], [https://www.senki.org/network-operations-scaling/dns-latency-and-performance-test-tools/ speed], and the [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3746594 economics]. |
| + | Ensuring the resiliency, stability, and security of the DNS is critical to perpetuating the usefulness of the Internet. The DNS has two key types of [[DNS Value and Vulnerability|vulnerabilities]]: complexity and bad actors. |
| ===Complexity=== | | ===Complexity=== |
| #Cybersecurity experts are concerned about the [[DNS Camel]], which refers to the inexorable growth of DNS protocols over the past three decades, making it increasingly difficult to implement and secure DNS advancements.<ref>[https://www.ietf.org/blog/herding-dns-camel/ Herding the DNS Camel. IETF Blog]</ref> | | #Cybersecurity experts are concerned about the [[DNS Camel]], which refers to the inexorable growth of DNS protocols over the past three decades, making it increasingly difficult to implement and secure DNS advancements.<ref>[https://www.ietf.org/blog/herding-dns-camel/ Herding the DNS Camel. IETF Blog]</ref> |