.org: Difference between revisions
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|type = [[gTLD]] | |type = [[gTLD]] | ||
|community = | |community = | ||
|keypeople = [[ | |keypeople = | ||
[[ | [[Paul Diaz]], Vice President, Policy | ||
[[ | [[Anand Vora]], Vice President, Business Affairs | ||
[[ | [[Brian Cimbolic]], Vice President, General Counsel | ||
[[ | [[Rick Wilhelm]], Chief Technology Officer | ||
[[Judy Song-Marshall]], Chief Strategy Officer<br/> | |||
[[Jonathon Nevett]], Current CEO of PIR | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''.org''' is one of the first [[GTLD|generic top-level domains]] (gTLD) to be included in the Internet [[DNS|Domain Name System]] (DNS). It is managed by [[PIR|Public Interest Registry]] (PIR), a non-profit organization founded by the [[ISOC|Internet Society]] (ISOC) in 2002.<ref>[http://www.pir.org/about www.pir.org]</ref> | '''.org''' is one of the first [[GTLD|generic top-level domains]] (gTLD) to be included in the Internet [[DNS|Domain Name System]] (DNS). It is managed by [[PIR|Public Interest Registry]] (PIR), a non-profit organization founded by the [[ISOC|Internet Society]] (ISOC) in 2002.<ref>[http://www.pir.org/about www.pir.org]</ref> [[Jon Postel]] was the original creator along with [[Joyce Reynolds]]. [[Alexa Raad]] was the original CEO of PIR. | ||
==Registration Statistics== | ==Registration Statistics== | ||
A Bi-Annual report on the growth of [[.org]] showed that as of early 2013 there were 10.1 million [[.org]] registrations. The number of domains under management (DUM) grew by 4.3% in 2012, while the registrations in the second | A Bi-Annual report on the growth of [[.org]] showed that as of early 2013, there were 10.1 million [[.org]] registrations. The number of domains under management (DUM) grew by 4.3% in 2012, while the registrations in the second half of the year increased by 11.9%; .ORG DUM has more than doubled during the past seven years, increasing from 3.9 million in 2005 to more than 10.1 million in 2012. Registrations experienced marked international growth from 2010 - 2012, Asia and the Australian Pacific grew by 47%, Africa by 23%, and Latin America by 25%.<ref>[http://www.circleid.com/posts/20130228_101_million_org_domains_and_counting/ 101 Million Org Domains and Counting, CircleID.com] Retrieved & Published 28 Feb 2013</ref> Registration of .org had consistently grown by 9% to 10% annually for the prior three years.<ref>[http://www.marketwatch.com/story/org-the-public-interest-registry-releases-results-of-bi-annual-domain-name-report-the-dashboard-2012-02-15 ORG Public Interest Registry Releases Results of Bi-Annual Domain Name Report The Dashboard], MarketWatch.com. Published 2012 February 15.</ref> | ||
On June 24th, 2012, registration for .org passed the 10 million mark. The 10th million registration was for JADFORUM.org, registered by the Jordan River and Dead Sea Basin Forum via [[GoDaddy]]. It was the 7th TLD to pass the 10 million mark; the others being [[.com]], [[.de]] (2006), [[.net]] (2007} [[.cn]] (2008), [[.uk]] (2012), [[.tk]].<ref>[http://www.domainnews.com/en/org-seventh-tld-to-pass-ten-millionth-registration-milestone.html?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter Seventh TLD to Pass Ten Millionth Registration Milestone, DomainNews.com]</ref> The .org TLD is considered the world's third largest top-level domain with 8.8 million organizations registered as of 2010. The top ten markets for .org registrations include The United States (60.4%), Germany (5.0%), United Kingdom (4.3%), Canada (3.5%), France (3.2%), Netherlands (2.2%), Spain (1.8%), China (1.8%), Italy (1.5%) and Japan (1.5%). Currently, there are 32 registrars offering second level registration of .org domain names following PIR's deployment of the [[DNSSEC]].<ref>[http://www.pir.org/pdf/dashboard_2H_2010.pdf The Dashboard July-December 2010]</ref> | On June 24th, 2012, registration for .org passed the 10 million mark. The 10th million registration was for JADFORUM.org, registered by the Jordan River and Dead Sea Basin Forum via [[GoDaddy]]. It was the 7th TLD to pass the 10 million mark; the others being [[.com]], [[.de]] (2006), [[.net]] (2007} [[.cn]] (2008), [[.uk]] (2012), [[.tk]].<ref>[http://www.domainnews.com/en/org-seventh-tld-to-pass-ten-millionth-registration-milestone.html?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter Seventh TLD to Pass Ten Millionth Registration Milestone, DomainNews.com]</ref> The .org TLD is considered the world's third largest top-level domain with 8.8 million organizations registered as of 2010. The top ten markets for .org registrations include The United States (60.4%), Germany (5.0%), United Kingdom (4.3%), Canada (3.5%), France (3.2%), Netherlands (2.2%), Spain (1.8%), China (1.8%), Italy (1.5%) and Japan (1.5%). Currently, there are 32 registrars offering second-level registration of .org domain names following PIR's deployment of the [[DNSSEC]].<ref>[http://www.pir.org/pdf/dashboard_2H_2010.pdf The Dashboard July-December 2010]</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
===Management Under Network Solutions/VeriSign=== | ===Management Under Network Solutions/VeriSign=== | ||
.org was created by the Network Working Group led by [[Jon Postel]] and [[Joyce Reynolds]] along with [[.com]], [[.edu]], [[.gov]] and [[.mil]] in 1984 as an open and unrestricted top-level domain name.<ref>[http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc920 RFC 920]</ref> Originally, the operations of the .org registry | .org was created by the Network Working Group led by [[Jon Postel]] and [[Joyce Reynolds]] along with [[.com]], [[.edu]], [[.gov]], and [[.mil]] in 1984 as an open and unrestricted top-level domain name.<ref>[http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc920 RFC 920]</ref> Originally, the operations of the .org registry were managed by [[SRI International]]'s Network Information Center ([[SRI-NIC]]); it was managed there from is creation until 1992. | ||
In 1993, [[Network Solutions]] assumed the registration services of the .org under a cooperative agreement with the [[NSF|National Science Foundation]] (NSF) that was to last until 1998. <ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/nsi/coopagmt-01jan93.htm NSI-NSF Cooperative Agreement]</ref> However, in 1998, the U.S. [[DOC|Department of Commerce]] issued the [[White Paper]]<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/general/white-paper-05jun98.htm White Paper]</ref> in response to the instruction of Pres. [[Bill Clinton]] to form a new non-profit organization to take over the responsibilities in improving the technical management of the Internet Domain Name System, as a result, Network Solutions' contract to manage the registration services of the .org was extended by the Department of Commerce until September 30, 2000.<ref> | In 1993, [[Network Solutions]] assumed the registration services of the .org under a cooperative agreement with the [[NSF|National Science Foundation]] (NSF) that was to last until 1998. <ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/nsi/coopagmt-01jan93.htm NSI-NSF Cooperative Agreement]</ref> However, in 1998, the U.S. [[DOC|Department of Commerce]] issued the [[White Paper]]<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/general/white-paper-05jun98.htm White Paper]</ref> in response to the instruction of Pres. [[Bill Clinton]] to form a new non-profit organization to take over the responsibilities in improving the technical management of the Internet Domain Name System, as a result, Network Solutions' contract to manage the registration services of the .org was extended by the Department of Commerce until September 30, 2000.<ref> | ||
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===Transition to Current Management=== | ===Transition to Current Management=== | ||
The control of Network Solutions changed hands in 2000, when [[Verisign]] acquired the majority | The control of Network Solutions changed hands in 2000, when [[Verisign]] acquired the majority shareholding at a price of USD 20 billion.<ref>[http://news.cnet.com/2100-1023-237656.html Cnet]</ref> | ||
During the meeting in Accra, Ghana in March of 2002, the [[ICANN Board]] resolved the request for proposals from parties interested in taking over the registry operations of the .org TLD from [[Verisign]].<ref> | During the meeting in Accra, Ghana in March of 2002, the [[ICANN Board]] resolved the request for proposals from parties interested in taking over the registry operations of the .org TLD from [[Verisign]].<ref> | ||
[http://www.icann.org/en/minutes/prelim-report-14mar02.htm#orgReassignment .org Reassignment]</ref> | [http://www.icann.org/en/minutes/prelim-report-14mar02.htm#orgReassignment .org Reassignment]</ref> | ||
ICANN received 11 proposals by June | ICANN received 11 proposals by June 2002 and created four teams to evaluate the proposals. The teams include:<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/tlds/org/preliminary-evaluation-report-19aug02.htm Preliminary Staff Report]</ref> | ||
* [[Gartner, Inc.]]- it was tasked to evaluate the technical aspects of the proposals | * [[Gartner, Inc.]]- it was tasked to evaluate the technical aspects of the proposals | ||
* An international team of Chief Information Officers- conducted an independent technical evaluation using a different methodology | * An international team of Chief Information Officers- conducted an independent technical evaluation using a different methodology | ||
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* ICANN's General Counsel- evaluated the procedural aspects of the bids. | * ICANN's General Counsel- evaluated the procedural aspects of the bids. | ||
After evaluating the proposals, the teams recommended these candidates to succeed the management of the .org registration services from Verisign: | After evaluating the proposals, the teams recommended these candidates to succeed in the management of the .org registration services from Verisign: | ||
* [[PIR|Public Interest Registry]] (PIR) | * [[PIR|Public Interest Registry]] (PIR) | ||
* [[Neustar]] | * [[Neustar]] | ||