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{{CompanyInfo|
{{CompanyInfo|
| logo            = NoridLogo.jpeg
| logo            = no logo norid.png
| type            = Non-Profit
| type            = Non-Profit
| industry        = Internet governance
| industry        = Internet governance
Line 20: Line 20:
| keypeople      = [[Hilde Thunem]], General Manager<br/>[[Annebeth Lange]]
| keypeople      = [[Hilde Thunem]], General Manager<br/>[[Annebeth Lange]]
}}
}}
'''UNINETT Norid AS''' ("'''Norid'''") runs the [[.no]] [[registry]] and maintains the database for all domain names under .no. They are responsible for developing the domain name policy for .no according to the needs of the society and within the framework of the Domain Regulation. Norid's vision and organization are anchored in a strong social responsibility.<ref>User Submitted</ref>
'''UNINETT Norid AS''' ("'''Norid'''") runs the [[.no]] [[registry]] and maintains the database for all domain names under .no. They are responsible for developing the domain name policy for .no according to the needs of the society and within the framework of the Domain Regulation. Norid's vision and organization are anchored in a strong social responsibility.<ref>User Submitted</ref>


Line 27: Line 28:


==History==
==History==
Norway was the first country, following the United States, to join [[ARPANET]] in 1973. In 1983, the .no [[TLD]] was delegated for research by [[Jon Postel]]. Responsibility for the ccTLD was assigned to the neutral agency UNNINET in 1987, after the project's creation the year before. By 1989, there were 19 registered domains, stored in the oldest zone file. In 1993, UNNINET AS is established as its own corporation. By the end of 1995, 1000 domains were registered under .no.


The .no project started being referred to as Norid in 1996, which stands for Norwegian service for registration of Internet domain names. In 1998, the advisory body Norpol was formed, and in 1999, Norid operations were transferred from UNINETT to the newly-formed subsidiary, UNINETT FAS AS. Later in 1999, the [[registrar]] system was introduced. As of March 2001, 100000 domain names were registered, after a spike caused by the liberalization of domain name rules. In 2003, UNINETT Norid AS was established as a subsidiary under UNINETT. In 2004, domain name rules were liberalized yet again, and by March of that year, 200000 domains were registered.
In 1987, responsibility for the ccTLD was assigned to the neutral agency UNNINET, after the project's creation the year before. In 1993, UNNINET AS is established as its own corporation, wholly owned by the Ministry of Education and Science and without commercial interests.<ref>[https://snl.no/Uninett Large Norwegian lexicon: Uninett]</ref>
 
The .no project started being referred to as Norid in 1996, which stands for Norwegian service for registration of Internet domain names. In 1998, the advisory body Norpol was formed, and in 1999, Norid operations were transferred from UNINETT to the newly-formed subsidiary, UNINETT FAS AS. Later in 1999, the [[registrar]] system was introduced. In 2003, UNINETT Norid AS was established as a subsidiary under UNINETT.  
 
In 2002, Norid participated in a working group under Norway's Ministry of Transport and Communications, where a proposal was created for formalizing the administrative model for the .no domain. The proposal was implemented in 2003 through a Domain Regulation, which in addition to RFC1591, specifies the framework for administration of the .no domain. The model is shown in the diagram below.<ref name="study">[https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/eurid-middle-east-dns-study-initial-13oct15-en.pdf MEAC DNS Study], ICANN.org. Published 2015 October 13. Retrieved 2015 November 12.</ref>
 
[[Image:no-model.png|Norid Mdel|400px]]


By early 2011, half a million domain names had been registered under .no.<ref>[http://www.norid.no/omnorid/historie.html Norid History]</ref>
By early 2011, half a million domain names had been registered under .no.<ref>[http://www.norid.no/omnorid/historie.html Norid History]</ref>
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In October 2011, Norid raised the number of domain names a company can own from 20 to 100.<ref name="sued">[http://domainincite.com/6662-norid-sued-over-co-no-domains Norid sued over .co.no domains], DomainIncite.com. Published 27 October 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2012.</ref>
In October 2011, Norid raised the number of domain names a company can own from 20 to 100.<ref name="sued">[http://domainincite.com/6662-norid-sued-over-co-no-domains Norid sued over .co.no domains], DomainIncite.com. Published 27 October 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2012.</ref>


==Controversies==
==Registry Policies==
===.co.no.===
Norid announced in October 2010 that it and [[CoDNS]] would begin offering third-level '''.co.no''' names to the public, in order to bring some flexibility to the .no ccTLD. CoDNS was slated to be outsourced by Norid as the registry offering registrations under the .co.no domain name.<ref name="sued"></ref>


Prior to 2001, the domain name co.no -- and other similar two-letter possibilities -- were on a list of .no names forbidden from user registration. In 2001, the restriction was lifted, and a company called Elineweb A.S. registered co.no. Nine years later, the name was placed back on a list of forbidden names, and registrants were allowed to maintain usage of those names, though theyre barred from transferring them to other registrants.<ref>[http://www.tld.sc/en/2011/04/norid-takes-a-closer-look-at-cono/ Norid takes a closer look at .co.no], TLDSourCe. Published 26 April 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2012.</ref>
The following matrix was developed by NORID, the .no registry, in 2005 and has served the entire ccTLD community to understand how certain policies might considerably contribute to the TLD uptake.<ref name="study"></ref>


Norid realized in 2009 that the [[Whois]] record for co.no lists Elineweb as the owner of the domain name, though rights had already been outsourced to CoDNS for selling registrations under that third-level domain name. CoDNS had already offered a similar service in the Netherlands, under the third-level domain name co.nl.<ref name="sued"></ref> According to the Operational Manager of CoDNS, Sander Scholten, CoDNS sued Norid in 2011 after an inability to solve the ownership dispute in an "amicable way".<ref>[http://www.tld.sc/en/2011/10/cono-is-going-to-court/ .co.no is going to court], TLD.sc. Published 27 October 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2012.</ref>
The axes show the correlation and impact of two central aspects that shape the domain name policy:
* Requirements for the applicant
** Provide documentation that he has a right to the name
** Have a local presence in the area of the ccTLD
** Be an organisation
* Number of domain names allowed per applicant
** Limited/Unlimited


Elineweb also sued Norid in October 2011.<ref name="sued"></ref> In July 2012, Norwegian courts ruled that Norid cannot revoke Elineweb's registration or transfer it to a third party. As a result, Elineweb plans to offer .co.no domain names, in partnership with CoDNS, on a first-come, first-serve basis.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/9702-co-no-opens-for-business-after-court-win .co.no opens for business after court win], DomainIncite.com. Published 3 July 2012. Retrieved 29 November 2012.</ref>
[[Image:norid-matrix-01.png|Registry Policy Matrix 01|400px]] [[Image:norid-matrix-02.png|Registry Policy Matrix 02|400px]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
 
[[Category:ccNSO Member]]
[[Category: Companies]]
[[Category:CcTLD Registry]]
[[Category: Registries]]
[[Category:Featured]]
[[category: Norway]]
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 22:00, 30 October 2024

Type: Non-Profit
Industry: Internet governance
Founded: 1 July 2003
Ownership: Uninett AS
Headquarters: Abels gate 5 – Teknobyen
NO-7465 Trondheim
Country: Norway
Employees: 14
Email: info [at] norid.no
Website: norid.no
Key People
Hilde Thunem, General Manager
Annebeth Lange

UNINETT Norid AS ("Norid") runs the .no registry and maintains the database for all domain names under .no. They are responsible for developing the domain name policy for .no according to the needs of the society and within the framework of the Domain Regulation. Norid's vision and organization are anchored in a strong social responsibility.[1]

They are also responsible for the ccTLDs for .bv (Bouvetøya) and .sj (Svalbard and Jan Mayen), which are, as of Summer 2015, not yet available for domain name registration.[2]

Norid is a member of CENTR.[2]

History[edit | edit source]

In 1987, responsibility for the ccTLD was assigned to the neutral agency UNNINET, after the project's creation the year before. In 1993, UNNINET AS is established as its own corporation, wholly owned by the Ministry of Education and Science and without commercial interests.[3]

The .no project started being referred to as Norid in 1996, which stands for Norwegian service for registration of Internet domain names. In 1998, the advisory body Norpol was formed, and in 1999, Norid operations were transferred from UNINETT to the newly-formed subsidiary, UNINETT FAS AS. Later in 1999, the registrar system was introduced. In 2003, UNINETT Norid AS was established as a subsidiary under UNINETT.

In 2002, Norid participated in a working group under Norway's Ministry of Transport and Communications, where a proposal was created for formalizing the administrative model for the .no domain. The proposal was implemented in 2003 through a Domain Regulation, which in addition to RFC1591, specifies the framework for administration of the .no domain. The model is shown in the diagram below.[4]

Norid Mdel

By early 2011, half a million domain names had been registered under .no.[5]

In October 2011, Norid raised the number of domain names a company can own from 20 to 100.[6]

Registry Policies[edit | edit source]

The following matrix was developed by NORID, the .no registry, in 2005 and has served the entire ccTLD community to understand how certain policies might considerably contribute to the TLD uptake.[4]

The axes show the correlation and impact of two central aspects that shape the domain name policy:

  • Requirements for the applicant
    • Provide documentation that he has a right to the name
    • Have a local presence in the area of the ccTLD
    • Be an organisation
  • Number of domain names allowed per applicant
    • Limited/Unlimited

Registry Policy Matrix 01 Registry Policy Matrix 02

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ User Submitted
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 About Norid. Updated 2015 July 27.
  3. ↑ Large Norwegian lexicon: Uninett
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 MEAC DNS Study, ICANN.org. Published 2015 October 13. Retrieved 2015 November 12.
  5. ↑ Norid History
  6. ↑ Norid sued over .co.no domains, DomainIncite.com. Published 27 October 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
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