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{{CompanyInfo|
{{CompanyInfo|
| logo              = logo_cira.jpg
| logo              = Cira-acei-logo-en-1.png
| type              = Non Profit Organization
| type              = Non-Profit
| industry          = Registry
| industry          = Registry
| founded          = Canada (1998)
| founded          = Canada (1998)
| headquarters      = 350 Sparks Street, Suite 306<br>Ottawa, Ontario, K1R 7S8<br>Canada
| founders        =
| ownership      =
| headquarters      = 979 Bank Street<br>Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5K5<br>Canada
| country        =
| businesses      =
| products        =
| employees      =
| revenue        =
| website          = [http://www.cira.ca Cira.ca]
| blog            =
| facebook        =
| linkedin        =
| twitter          = CIRANEWS
| keypeople        = [[Byron Holland]], President & CEO<br>
| keypeople        = [[Byron Holland]], President & CEO<br>
[[Michael Stewart]], General Counsel & Director of Policy<br>
[[Jacques Latour]], Chief Technology Officer<br>
[[Nancy Philip]], Dir of Finance & Administration  <br>
[[Dave Chiswell]], VP Product Development<br>
[[David Fowler]], Dir of Marketing & Communications<br>
[[David Fowler]], VP Marketing & Communications <br>
| website          = http://www.cira.ca
[[Albert Chang]], Corporate Counsel
}}
}}


'''The Canadian Internet Registration Authority (CIRA)''' is the organization that manages the .CA domain space on behalf of all Canadians, the policies that support Canada’s Internet community, and Canada’s involvement in international internet governance. <ref>[http://icannwiki.org/CIRA icannwiki.org]</ref> This Non Profit Organization incorporated in December 1998 and became the official .CA registry on December 1, 2000.<ref>[http://sbinfocanada.about.com/od/onlinebusiness/g/CIRA.htm about.com]</ref>  
'''The Canadian Internet Registration Authority''' ('''CIRA''') is the organization that manages the [[.ca]] [[ccTLD]].<ref>[http://icannwiki.org/CIRA icannwiki.org]</ref> In 1997, at the Canadian Internet Community's annual conference, discussions led to the formation of CIRA.<ref>Scassa, Teresa & Deturbide, Michael, ''Electronic Commerce and Internet Law in Canada'', Canada: CCH Canada Ltd, 2004</ref>This non-profit organization was created in 1998 and became the official .ca [[registry]] on December 1, 2000.<ref>[http://sbinfocanada.about.com/od/onlinebusiness/g/CIRA.htm about.com]</ref>  
A 15 member Board of Directors, consisting of both elected and appointed members, oversees CIRA's operations. Board members are elected annually by CIRA Members through an online process. Membership in CIRA is free, and open to anyone who holds a .CA domain.


==Evolution of .ca domain==
A 15 member Board of Directors, consisting of both elected and appointed members, oversees CIRA's operations. Board members are elected annually by CIRA Members through an online process. Membership in CIRA is free, and open to anyone who holds a .ca domain.  
.ca is the [[ccTLD]] for Canada. Registrants of .ca domains must meet Canadian Presence Requirements as defined by the registry.


Jon Postel, operator [[IANA]], allocated the domain name originally to John Demco of the University of British Columbia (UBC) in 1988.<ref>[http://www.eurodns.com/top-level-domain/Canada/Ca EuroDNS]</ref> During that time, the Internet was used mostly for research.<ref>[http://www.eurodns.com/top-level-domain/Canada/Ca EuroDNS]</ref>
== French IDNs ==


The first .CA domain name was upei.ca, registered in 1988 by the University of Prince Edward Island. <ref>[http://opensrs.com/blog/2009/10/the-registries-ca/ OpenSRS]</ref>
In January 2013, CIRA began offering registration in French, fully catering to both the nation's official languages. CIRA noted that implementing French-language characters is a more challenging and complex process than it may  appear to be. For example, the domain "préside.ca" could have 62 different spelling variations depending on the choice of characters used. Therefore, it was important for CIRA to develop a number of policies to simplify the procedure. Consequently, CIRA created a bundling policy that removes the necessity to register every special-character variant of an existing .CA domain.<ref>[http://www.digitalhome.ca/2013/01/cira-launches-french-language-domain-names/ CIRA Launches French Language Domain Names, DigitalHome.ca]Published 14 Jan 2013, Retrieved 15 Jan 2013</ref>
The administrataion of the .ca domain were carried out by Demco with with assistance of .ca committee of volunteers. The names from .ca domain were assigned without charged to the applicants.


In 1997, at the Canadian Internet community's annual conference, In 1997, at the Canadian Internet community's annual conference, discussions of reform led to the formation of the Canadian Domain.<ref>Scassa, Teresa & Deturbide, Michael "Electronic Morphine."Electronic Commerce and Internet Law in Canada" Canada: CCH Canada ltd, 2004</ref>
== Registry Services ==
 
CIRA’s Fury Registry Platform is a  TLD management platform with the features and functionality designed for the modern TLD business. Fury features a modern interface with roles-based access that provides flexibility in pricing, promotion, and domain management to help operators run their business and grow their registry. Released in 2016, Fury is the current platform of choice for .CA, .KIWI, .MLS and .SX.


==History of CIRA==
==History of CIRA==
* As the outcome of the the Canadian Internet community's annual conference in 1997,  the [[CDNCC]] recommended that a private sector, not-for-profit corporation be set up to take over the administration of the .ca from UBC and John Demco.<ref>[http://www.iana.org/reports/2000/ca-report-01dec00/industry-canada-letter-10oct00.html IANA.org]</ref> In late December 1998, the Canadian Internet Registration Authority (CIRA) was incorporated to take this function. In a 1999 letter the Canadian Government recognized CIRA as the new administrator of the .ca domain. <ref>[http://www.domainnamenews.com/cctlds/ca-registry-cira-public-interest/8022 Domain Name News]</ref>  
* '''1998''': At the closing of the the Canadian Internet community's annual conference in 1997,  the [[CDNCC]] recommends that a private sector, non-profit corporation be set up to take over the administration of the .ca from UBC and [[John Demco]].<ref>[http://www.iana.org/reports/2000/ca-report-01dec00/industry-canada-letter-10oct00.html IANA.org]</ref> In late December 1998, the Canadian Internet Registration Authority (CIRA) is created for this take-over.  
 
* '''1999''': In a letter, the Canadian Government recognizes CIRA as the new administrator of the .ca domain.<ref>[http://www.domainnamenews.com/cctlds/ca-registry-cira-public-interest/8022 Domain Name News]</ref>  
* On June 2000, Umbrella Agreement for the Transfer of the .ca Domain Name Registry was signed between the government, CIRA and University of British Columbia. Transition Agreement for the Transfer of the Dot-ca domain name registry was also signed between CIRA and University of British Columbia. By these agreements, CIRA has gained the complete responsibility for managing the .ca domain from further on. <ref>[http://www.alts.net/ns1625/nshist60.html History of Nova Scotia ]</ref> By then, there were there were 86,976 .ca registrations in effect.  
* '''2000 June''': The Umbrella Agreement for the Transfer of the .ca Domain Name Registry is signed between the Canadian government, CIRA, and the University of British Columbia. A Transition Agreement for the Transfer of the .ca Domain Name Registry is also signed between CIRA and the University of British Columbia. Through these agreements, CIRA gains complete responsibility for managing the .ca domain from then on.<ref>[http://www.alts.net/ns1625/nshist60.html History of Nova Scotia ]</ref>
 
* '''2000''': There are 86,976 .ca registrations in effect.  
* CIRA officially opened its offices in Ottawa, Ontario on May 2, 2001. CIRA Members (CIRA Registrants with at least one active .ca domain name) voted in the first Board of Directors election in June 2001. The first CIRA Annual General Meeting was held in Toronto in December 2001. By the end of 2001, the registry contained 270,655 .CA domain names.<ref>[http://www.cira.ca/cira-history/ CIRA.ca ]</ref>
* '''2001''': Up until this year, CIRA also oversees third-level Canadian domain names (such as www.example.bc.ca), in addition to the standard [[ccTLD]] (ie: www.example.ca).
 
* '''2001 March''': CIRA launches Public Board Elections.<ref>[http://aix1.uottawa.ca/~geist/domains.html Université d'Ottawa ]</ref>
* CIRA Launched Public Board Elections in March, 2001.<ref>[http://aix1.uottawa.ca/~geist/domains.html Université d'Ottawa ]</ref>
* '''2001 May''': CIRA officially opens its offices in Ottawa, Ontario on May 2.
 
* '''2001 June''': CIRA Members (CIRA Registrants with at least one active .ca domain name) vote in the first Board of Directors election.
* In June 2003, [[ICANN]] Public Meeting in Montreal. <ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/meetings/montreal/ ICANN.org ]</ref>. CIRA also hosted an event during [[ICANN]]'s 2005 Annual General Meeting in Vancouver.
* '''2001 December''': The first CIRA Annual General Meeting is held in Toronto. By the end of the year, the registry manages 270,655 .ca domain names.<ref>[http://www.cira.ca/cira-history/ CIRA.ca ]</ref>
 
* '''2003 June''': [[ICANN]] holds a public meeting in Montreal.<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/meetings/montreal/ ICANN.org]</ref>
* CIRA announced that it has surpassed one million dot-ca domain name registrations in April, 2008, .<ref>[http://www.michaelgeist.ca/content/view/2840/196/ Micheal Geist]</ref>
* '''2005 December''': CIRA hosts an event during [[ICANN]]'s 2005 Annual General Meeting in Vancouver.
* '''2008 April''': CIRA announces that it has surpassed one million .ca domain name registrations.<ref>[http://www.michaelgeist.ca/content/view/2840/196/ Micheal Geist]</ref>
* '''2009 October''': CIRA announces the launch of a test-bed initiative for [[DNSSEC]].<ref>[http://www.circleid.com/posts/canada_launching_dnssec_test_bed_for_ca_domain/ CircleID ]</ref> Officials from CIRA say the process of implementing [[DNSSEC]] had begun in early 2009, while the implementation date was set for 2010.
* '''2010''': CIRA releases a new version of its domain name registration system and stops accepting new registrations for [[third-level domains]],<ref>[http://www.cira.ca/ca-faq-10-12 CIRA.ca ]</ref> but promises to continue supporting existing third-level domain names. It also achieves achieves 1.5 million .ca domains registered.<ref name="centr">[https://centr.org/member/cira CIRA], CENTR.org. Updated 2015 July 29.</ref>
* '''2010''': Late in the year, CIRA begins a national consultation on the future of the Internet, called the Canadian Internet Forum; it is the first time CIRA engages in dialogue with Canadians about issues of Internet governance and policy.<ref name="centr"></ref>
* '''2012''': CIRA celebrates anniversary and launches Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs).
* '''2014''': CIRA announces the Community Investment Program (CIP).
* '''2015 May''': CIRA launches the [https://cira.ca/cira-internet-performance-test-0 Internet Performance Test (IPT)].
* '''2015 October''': CIRA introduces [https://cira.ca/enterprise-products/d-zone-anycast-dns D-Zone Anycast DNS services (D-Zone)].
* '''2016 June''': CIRA announces it will deliver IIS (.SE) a complete white-labelled Anycast solution based on it's [https://cira.ca/enterprise-products/d-zone-anycast-dns D-Zone] service.
* '''2016 July''': CIRA announces it is now offering Backend [https://cira.ca/enterprise-products/registry-services Registry Services] to gTLDs and ccTLDs around the world.
* '''2016 September''': The .ca registry hits 2.5 million registered domain names.
* '''2016 October''': The first gTLD customer .KIWI goes live on the [https://cira.ca/enterprise-products/registry-services/operate-your-gtld-fury-registry-platform FURY Registry Platform].
* '''2017 November''': The first ccTLD customer .SX goes live on the [https://cira.ca/enterprise-products/registry-services/operate-your-gtld-fury-registry-platform FURY Registry Platform].
* '''2019 February''': The second and largest ccTLD customer .CA goes live on the [https://cira.ca/enterprise-products/registry-services/operate-your-gtld-fury-registry-platform FURY Registry Platform].
* '''2019 March''': The second gTLD customer .MLS goes live on the [https://cira.ca/enterprise-products/registry-services/operate-your-gtld-fury-registry-platform FURY Registry Platform].
* '''2020 November''': The third ccTLD customer .IE goes live on the [https://cira.ca/enterprise-products/registry-services/operate-your-gtld-fury-registry-platform FURY Registry Platform].
* '''2023 October''': CIRA and [[Stichting Internet Domeinregistratie Nederland]] (SIDN), registries of the Canadian [[.ca]] domain and the Dutch [[.nl]] domain respectively, announced the formation of a new partnership to collaboratively develop, promote and support the current CIRA Registry Platform. The code base and intellectual property of the product, internally known at CIRA as Fury, will be transferred to a jointly owned and managed corporation based in Canada.<ref>[https://www.cira.ca/en/resources/news/about/cira-and-sidn-agree-on-partnership/ CIRA and SIDN agree on partnership to build new registry platform]</ref>


* In October, 2009 CIRA announced the launch of a test-bed initiative for [[DNSSEC]].<ref>[http://www.circleid.com/posts/canada_launching_dnssec_test_bed_for_ca_domain/ CircleID ]</ref> Officials from CIRA said, the process of implementing [[DNSSEC]] had began from early 2009 while the implementation date was set for 2010.
==Cybersecurity Services==
 
'''CIRA Canadian Shield''' is a public DNS resolver, which means it connects its users to the websites they're trying to visit and double-checks to see if they're [[Malicious Domain]]s; if they are, the service stops the user from visiting them. The service protects users from [[malware]] and [[phishing]] with the same [[RBL|threat feed data]] as the CIRA DNS Firewall, using AI from [[Akamai]] to analyze billions of daily DNS queries globally.<ref>[https://www.cira.ca/cybersecurity-services/canadian-shield Canadian Shield, CIRA]</ref>
* In October 12, 2010, CIRA released a new version of its domain name registration system and stopped accepting new registrations for third-level domains. <ref>[http://www.cira.ca/ca-faq-10-12 CIRA.ca ]</ref>
 
==Services==
CIRA is responsible for .ca domain, the Internet country code top-level domain ([[ccTLD]]) for Canada. Until 2001, besides top level Canadian domain names (such as www.example.ca), the lower level Canadian domain names (such as www.example.bc.ca), had also been overseen by CIRA.
 
From October 12, 2010, CIRA has stopped registering third-level domains defined by the registry (e.g. example.ab.ca) but has announced to continue supporting the existing third-level domain names.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== External links==
== External links==
* [http://www.cira.ca CIRA]
* [http://www.cira.ca CIRA]
* [https://cira.ca/cira-internet-performance-test-0 Internet Performance Test]
* [http://www.ubc.ca/ University of British Columbia]
* [http://www.ubc.ca/ University of British Columbia]


[[Category: Companies]]
[[Category:ccTLD Registry]]
[[Category: Registries]]
[[Category:ccNSO Member]]
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