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'''ENUM (Electronic Numbering)''' is a protocol developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force's ([[IETF]]'s) Telephone Number Mapping Working Group<re>[http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/enum/ www.itu.int]</ref> which used the Domain Name System ([[DNS]]) architecture and protocol
'''ENUM (Electronic Numbering)''' is a protocol developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force's ([[IETF]]'s) Telephone Number Mapping Working Group<re>[http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/enum/ www.itu.int]</ref> which used the Domain Name System ([[DNS]]) architecture and protocol
to identify available services associated with E.164. ENUM involves the process of creating a domain name from a telephone number and resolving it to an internet address or Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) using the DNS technology and the hosting of ENUM domain names on the E.164 arpa domain.<ref>[http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3761.txt RFC 3761]</ref> <ref>[http://www.enum.org/what www.enum.org]</ref> ENUM is defined in RFC 3761.
to identify available services associated with E.164. ENUM involves the process of creating a domain name from a telephone number and resolving it to an internet address or Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) using the DNS technology and the hosting of ENUM domain names on the E.164 arpa domain.<ref>[http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3761.txt RFC 3761]</ref> <ref>[http://www.enum.org/what www.enum.org]</ref> ENUM is defined in RFC 3761.
==History==
==History==
In 2008, the ITU-T approved the ENUM interim procedures for geographic country codes for the Telecommunications Standardization Bureau ([[TSB]]).<ref>[http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/inr/enum/Pages/procedures.aspx ENUM administration ad interim]</ref>
In 2008, the ITU-T approved the ENUM interim procedures for geographic country codes for the Telecommunications Standardization Bureau ([[TSB]]).<ref>[http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/inr/enum/Pages/procedures.aspx ENUM administration ad interim]</ref>
==ENUM Working Group==
The ENUM Working Group is responsible in monitoring and promoting discussions and initiatives to develop the advancement of ENUM, the internet resource mapping technology using the E.164 telephone numbers identifiers.
==Types of ENUM==
==Types of ENUM==
There are three types of ENUM, the '''Public User ENUM''', which allows an end user to enter his or her own records in the ENUM registry under the public dumaine164.arpa ehereby the DNS is publicly available to any internet user; '''Private Infrastructure ENUM''' is used by a closed group without using the e164.arpa public domain instead, they opt to use the process of creating a domain name from a telephone number and resolving it to a URI to exchange IP traffic; and the third type is the '''Public Infrastructure ENUM''' which is assigned by a National Number Administrator which normally delegates a telephone number to a carrier, which in turn assigns the telephone number to an end-user. The Carriers maps telephone numbers to an internal network addresses to enable call routing features which are not publicly available, highly secure and the access is restricted only to other service providers.<ref>[http://www.enum.org/what/types Types of ENUM]</ref>
There are three types of ENUM, the '''Public User ENUM''', which allows an end user to enter his or her own records in the ENUM registry under the public dumaine164.arpa ehereby the DNS is publicly available to any internet user; '''Private Infrastructure ENUM''' is used by a closed group without using the e164.arpa public domain instead, they opt to use the process of creating a domain name from a telephone number and resolving it to a URI to exchange IP traffic; and the third type is the '''Public Infrastructure ENUM''' which is assigned by a National Number Administrator which normally delegates a telephone number to a carrier, which in turn assigns the telephone number to an end-user. The Carriers maps telephone numbers to an internal network addresses to enable call routing features which are not publicly available, highly secure and the access is restricted only to other service providers.<ref>[http://www.enum.org/what/types Types of ENUM]</ref>
==USES of ENUM==
Based on a report prepared by the Center for Democracy and Technology, ENUM has several benefits and uses which include:<ref>[http://old.cdt.org/standards/enum/030428analysis.pdf ENUM:Mapping Telephone Numbers Onto The Internet]</ref>
# It serves as single number point of contact wherein a single ENUM number facilitates the routing of telephone calls to the internet instead of the regular telephone sytem, meaning it allows numerous access to different types of communication such as fax, cellular phones and many others.
# It facilitates the transition away from the Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN) to the internet as the main carrier of voice communication.
# It can be used as an internal routing within a telephone company's network, for example major telecommunications companies in the United States converts voice calls using VoIP.
# It serves as a dial access to new internet service providers that allows users to simply dial a telephone number which can be translated using ENUM to a desired internet address for them to be able to access the internet services via cellphone.
==ENUM Administration==
The International Telecommunication Union ([[ITU]]) is responsible in designating which organization will administer or control the implementation of ENUM based on the regulations of a certain country. Every country set their own rules which governs the establishment and control of ENUM records, this means that "called party control" of ENUM is administered by each country.<ref>[http://old.cdt.org/standards/enum/030428analysis.pdf ENUM Admiistration]</ref>
==ENUM Deployment Status==
Since its establishment, ENUM has become commercially available worldwide. ENUM trials began since 2003 in different countries such as Australia, Austria, China, France, Germany, Korea, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States. Prior to the implementation of ENUM in the United States, the Department of Commerce (DoC) issued an endorsement regarding the participation of the U.S. of the official ENUM trial and to create guidelines particularly to protect the users privacy and security.<ref>[http://old.cdt.org/standards/enum/030428analysis.pdf Deployment Status]</ref>
==References==
==References==