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→European Commission and ICANN
On September 30th, 2009, the US government declared that ICANN would be governed by international parties. From then onwards, ICANN has been subject to independent review panels appointed by ICANN's [[Governmental Advisory Committee]] (GAC) and not solely to the review of [[DOC|US Department of Commerce]] (DOC). [[Viviane Reding]], the EU's Commissioner for Information Society and Media, welcomed the US administration’s decision, and said that "Internet users around the world can now anticipate ICANN’s decision as more independent and accountable."<ref>[http://www.eurunion.org/eu/2009-News-Rrleases/EUROPEAN-COMMISSION-WELCOMES-UNITED-STATES-MOVE-TO-MORE-INDEPENDENT-ACCOUNTABLE-INTERNATIONAL-INTERNET-GOVERNANCE.html eurunion.org]</ref>
On September 30th, 2009, the US government declared that ICANN would be governed by international parties. From then onwards, ICANN has been subject to independent review panels appointed by ICANN's [[Governmental Advisory Committee]] (GAC) and not solely to the review of [[DOC|US Department of Commerce]] (DOC). [[Viviane Reding]], the EU's Commissioner for Information Society and Media, welcomed the US administration’s decision, and said that "Internet users around the world can now anticipate ICANN’s decision as more independent and accountable."<ref>[http://www.eurunion.org/eu/2009-News-Rrleases/EUROPEAN-COMMISSION-WELCOMES-UNITED-STATES-MOVE-TO-MORE-INDEPENDENT-ACCOUNTABLE-INTERNATIONAL-INTERNET-GOVERNANCE.html eurunion.org]</ref>
In 2009, when ICANN's [[Independent Review Panel]] found that it had violated its own rules by denying [[ICM Registry]]'s proposal for management of the [[.xxx]] [[sTLD]], the EC, under the leadership of Neelie Kroes, asked the U.S. government to effectively break its contract with ICANN by refusing to enter the extension into the [[Root Zone|root zone]].<ref>[http://blog.internetgovernance.org/blog/_archives/2011/9/2/4891821.html InternetGovernance.org/blog]</ref>
===6 Policy Papers of 2011===
===6 Policy Papers of 2011===
At the end of August, 2011, [[Kieren McCarthy]] of [[.nxt]] leaked 6 papers written by the EC regarding their take on ICANN; the papers came on the heels of a number of brash encounters between the EC representative, [[Gerard de Graaf]], and other ICANN participants at [[ICANN 41]] in Singapore.<ref>[http://blog.internetgovernance.org/blog/_archives/2011/9/2/4891821.html Blog.InternetGovernance.org]</ref> His behavior had some wondering how well he was representing the entire membership of the European Union, and struck many as blatantly rude. At one point during the discussions between the [[GAC]] and the [[ICANN Board]], Mr. de Graaf grew so frustrated that he was audibly pounding on the table and wondered aloud whether he was talking "to the deaf or stupid".<ref>[http://www.internetnews.me/2011/06/19/eu-rep-refers-to-icann-as-deaf-or-stupid/ EU Rep Refers to ICANN as Deaf or Stupid, InternetNews.me]</ref><ref>[http://blog.internetgovernance.org/blog/_archives/2011/9/2/4891821.html Blog.InternetGovernance.org]</ref> The board was discussing how to handle trademark issues with regards to the new [[gTLD]] creation process, and Mr. De Graaf was frustrated that the E.U.'s trademark policy would not be implemented in this circumstance.<ref>[http://www.thedomains.com/2011/06/19/icanngac-session-marred-by-name-calling-disagreement/ ICANN-GAC Session Marred by Name Calling Disagreement, TheDomains.com]</ref>
At the end of August, 2011, [[Kieren McCarthy]] of [[.nxt]] leaked 6 papers written by the EC regarding their take on ICANN; the papers came on the heels of a number of brash encounters between the EC representative, [[Gerard de Graaf]], and other ICANN participants at [[ICANN 41]] in Singapore.<ref>[http://blog.internetgovernance.org/blog/_archives/2011/9/2/4891821.html Blog.InternetGovernance.org]</ref> His behavior had some wondering how well he was representing the entire membership of the European Union, and struck many as blatantly rude. At one point during the discussions between the [[GAC]] and the [[ICANN Board]], Mr. de Graaf grew so frustrated that he was audibly pounding on the table and wondered aloud whether he was talking "to the deaf or stupid".<ref>[http://www.internetnews.me/2011/06/19/eu-rep-refers-to-icann-as-deaf-or-stupid/ EU Rep Refers to ICANN as Deaf or Stupid, InternetNews.me]</ref><ref>[http://blog.internetgovernance.org/blog/_archives/2011/9/2/4891821.html Blog.InternetGovernance.org]</ref> The board was discussing how to handle trademark issues with regards to the new [[gTLD]] creation process, and Mr. De Graaf was frustrated that the E.U.'s trademark policy would not be implemented in this circumstance.<ref>[http://www.thedomains.com/2011/06/19/icanngac-session-marred-by-name-calling-disagreement/ ICANN-GAC Session Marred by Name Calling Disagreement, TheDomains.com]</ref>