GTLD-MoU: Difference between revisions

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==Background==

In 1992, [[Network Solutions]] received a five-year contract from the [[National Science Foundation]] (NSF) to manage domain name registration and to handle the coordination and maintenance functions of the Domain Name System. Under the NSF Cooperative Agreement, NSI ~~will~~ handle all these responsibilities on a "cost-plus-fee" basis wherein NSF will reimburse all the expenses of NSI plus a fixed fee. In 1996, Network Solutions ~~started~~ started restrictions on domain name registrations which led to the emergence of [[cybersquatters]] who ~~would charge a huge amount of money for~~ domain names. Trademark Infringement became a major concern among legitimate owners. NSI also started to charge $50 registration fee for domain names every year. On the middle part of 1996, [[Jon Postel]] proposed changes ~~in the~~ DNS management which ~~include~~ the creation of 50 competing domain name registries to handle ~~the~~ domain name registration thus, creating 150 new [[TLD]]s. The reaction ~~of the internet community regarding~~ Postel's proposal was mixed. Some supported it while others particularly the ~~internet~~ technical community criticized it. The proposal was revised and re-issued ~~which~~ was supported by the [[Internet Society]]. Further discussions and revisions were initiated to implement changes ~~on the~~ DNS management but the ~~internet~~ community were not able to reach a common consensus. The Internet Society and [[IANA]] organized the Internet Ad Hoc Committee to resolve the issue. The IAHC was composed of the World Intellectual Property Organization ([[WIPO]]), International Telecommunications Union ([[ITU]]) and the Federal Networking Council ([[FNC]]) ~~which~~ created the gTLD-MoU.<ref>[http://www.cybertelecom.org/dns/history.htm#thomas History of DNS]</ref>

In 1992, [[Network Solutions]] (NSI) received a five-year contract from the [[National Science Foundation]] (NSF) to manage domain name registration and to handle the coordination and maintenance functions of the Domain Name System. Under the NSF Cooperative Agreement, NSI was to handle all these responsibilities on a "cost-plus-fee" basis wherein NSF will reimburse all the expenses of NSI plus a fixed fee. In 1996, Network Solutions started restrictions on domain name registrations, which led to the emergence of [[cybersquatting|cybersquatters]], who essentially hold trademarked domain names hostage. Trademark Infringement became a major concern among legitimate owners. NSI also started to charge $50 registration fee for domain names every year. In the middle part of 1996, [[Jon Postel]] proposed changes to DNS management, which included the creation of 50 competing domain name [[Registry|registries]] to handle domain name registration thus, creating 150 new [[TLD]]s. The Internet community's reaction to Postel's proposal was mixed. Some supported it while others, particularly the technical community, criticized it. The proposal was revised and re-issued, and was subsequently supported by the [[Internet Society]]. Further discussions and revisions were initiated to implement changes in DNS management but the Internet community were not able to reach a common consensus. The Internet Society and [[IANA]] organized the [[Internet Ad Hoc Committee]] to resolve the issue. The IAHC was composed of members of the [[World Intellectual Property Organization]] (WIPO), the [[International Telecommunications Union]] (ITU]), and the [[Federal Networking Council]] (FNC); the group created the gTLD-MoU.<ref>[http://www.cybertelecom.org/dns/history.htm#thomas History of DNS]</ref>

==gTLD-MoU Self-Regulatory Framework==

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 ==Background==
-In 1992, [[Network Solutions]] received a five-year contract from the [[National Science Foundation]] (NSF) to manage domain name registration and to handle the coordination and maintenance functions of the Domain Name System. Under the NSF Cooperative Agreement, NSI will handle all these responsibilities on a "cost-plus-fee" basis wherein NSF will reimburse all the expenses of NSI plus a fixed fee. In 1996, Network Solutions started started restrictions on domain name registrations which led to the emergence of [[cybersquatters]] who would charge a huge amount of money for domain names. Trademark Infringement became a major concern among legitimate owners. NSI also started to charge $50 registration fee for domain names every year. On the middle part of 1996, [[Jon Postel]] proposed changes in the DNS management which include the creation of 50 competing domain name registries to handle the domain name registration thus, creating 150 new [[TLD]]s. The reaction of the internet community regarding Postel's proposal was mixed. Some supported it while others particularly the internet technical community criticized it. The proposal was revised and re-issued which was supported by the [[Internet Society]]. Further discussions and revisions were initiated to implement changes on the DNS management but the internet community were not able to reach a common consensus. The Internet Society and [[IANA]] organized the Internet Ad Hoc Committee to resolve the issue. The IAHC was composed of the World Intellectual Property Organization ([[WIPO]]), International Telecommunications Union ([[ITU]]) and the Federal Networking Council ([[FNC]]) which created the gTLD-MoU.<ref>[http://www.cybertelecom.org/dns/history.htm#thomas History of DNS]</ref>
+In 1992, [[Network Solutions]] (NSI) received a five-year contract from the [[National Science Foundation]] (NSF) to manage domain name registration and to handle the coordination and maintenance functions of the Domain Name System. Under the NSF Cooperative Agreement, NSI was to handle all these responsibilities on a "cost-plus-fee" basis wherein NSF will reimburse all the expenses of NSI plus a fixed fee. In 1996, Network Solutions started restrictions on domain name registrations, which led to the emergence of [[cybersquatting|cybersquatters]], who essentially hold trademarked domain names hostage. Trademark Infringement became a major concern among legitimate owners. NSI also started to charge $50 registration fee for domain names every year. In the middle part of 1996, [[Jon Postel]] proposed changes to DNS management, which included the creation of 50 competing domain name [[Registry|registries]] to handle domain name registration thus, creating 150 new [[TLD]]s. The Internet community's reaction to Postel's proposal was mixed. Some supported it while others, particularly the technical community, criticized it. The proposal was revised and re-issued, and was subsequently supported by the [[Internet Society]]. Further discussions and revisions were initiated to implement changes in DNS management but the Internet community were not able to reach a common consensus. The Internet Society and [[IANA]] organized the [[Internet Ad Hoc Committee]] to resolve the issue. The IAHC was composed of members of the [[World Intellectual Property Organization]] (WIPO), the [[International Telecommunications Union]] (ITU]), and the [[Federal Networking Council]] (FNC); the group created the gTLD-MoU.<ref>[http://www.cybertelecom.org/dns/history.htm#thomas History of DNS]</ref>
 ==gTLD-MoU Self-Regulatory Framework==