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'''APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation)''' is a ministerial forum that supports economic growth and prosperity in the Asia Pacific Region by promoting free trade and economic cooperation among its member economies. Ambassador [[Muhamad Noor Yacob]] is the current  Executive Director of APEC and its Secretariat is located in Singapore.<ref>[http://www.apec.org/About-Us/About-APEC.aspx About APEC]</ref>

'''APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation)''' is a ministerial forum that supports economic growth and prosperity in the Asia Pacific Region by promoting free trade and economic cooperation among its member economies. Ambassador [[Muhamad Noor Yacob]] is the current  Executive Director of APEC and its Secretariat is located in Singapore.<ref></ref>

==ICANN and APEC==

==ICANN and APEC==

In 2001, APEC created the e-APEC Strategy to create an environment for strengthening market structures and institutions, facilitate an environment for infrastructure investment and technology development, and enhance human capacity building and promote entrepreneurship. The e-APEC e-Task Force developed the goals, policies and action plans. One of the actions implemented by the e-Task Force is the encouragement of APEC economies to participate in the activities of the [[Government Advisory Committee]] (GAC) of ICANN in order to coordinate policies on public Internet resource governance.<ref>

In 2001, APEC created the e-APEC Strategy to create an environment for strengthening market structures and institutions, facilitate an environment for infrastructure investment and technology development, and enhance human capacity building and promote entrepreneurship. The e-APEC e-Task Force developed the goals, policies and action plans. One of the actions implemented by the e-Task Force is the encouragement of APEC economies to participate in the activities of the [[Government Advisory Committee]] (GAC) of ICANN in order to coordinate policies on public Internet resource governance.<ref>

[http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/LeadersDeclarations/2001/2001_aelm/~/media/Files/LeadersDeclarations/2001/01_ecsg_eapec.ashx e-APEC Strategy 2001]</ref>

</ref>

In October, 2008, ICANN attended the APEC TEL Liberalization Steering Group meeting in Lima Peru as an observer and provided an updated information about the internet governing body's new [[gTLD]] program.<ref>[http://www.mtc.gob.pe/portal/apectel38/lsg/08_tel38_lsg_011_ICANN_Hinojosa_newgTLDs.pdf APEC /TEL38/LSG/01; New gTLD Program: Update from ICANN]</ref>

In October, 2008, ICANN attended the APEC TEL Liberalization Steering Group meeting in Lima Peru as an observer and provided an updated information about the internet governing body's new [[gTLD]] program.<ref>[http://www.mtc.gob.pe/portal/apectel38/lsg/08_tel38_lsg_011_ICANN_Hinojosa_newgTLDs.pdf APEC /TEL38/LSG/01; New gTLD Program: Update from ICANN]</ref>

==Background==

==Background==

Former Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke advocated  the establishment of new intergovernmental regional cooperation during his speech in Seoul, Korea in January, 1989. He proposed that the new intergovernmental regional organization  would focus on common economic interests, social issues and aim to increase the trade and investments within the Asia Pacific Region. The regional response to Hawke's proposal was positive, with some reservations. An extreme consultation within the region was conducted by Australian officials, which was led by former Australian Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) Richard Woolcot, who was appointed as special envoy of Prime Minister Hawke. APEC was founded during the first Ministerial Meeting, which was held in Canberra, Australia on November 5-7, 1989. The meeting was chaired by Australian Forein Minister Gareth Evans.<ref>[http://www.pecc.org/resources/doc_view/601-back-to-canberra-founding-apec Chapter 5: Back to Canberra:Founding APEC]</ref> The 12 founding members of APEC include:  Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and the United States.<ref>[http://www.apec.org/About-Us/About-APEC/History.aspx History]</ref>  The founding members agreed that an open, multilateral trading system is paramount to attaining rapid regional economic growth; they concentrated their cooperation in the areas of investment, technology transfer, and in areas related to human resources development.<ref>

Former Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke advocated  the establishment of new intergovernmental regional cooperation during his speech in Seoul, Korea in January, 1989. He proposed that the new intergovernmental regional organization  would focus on common economic interests, social issues and aim to increase the trade and investments within the Asia Pacific Region. The regional response to Hawke's proposal was positive, with some reservations. An extreme consultation within the region was conducted by Australian officials, which was led by former Australian Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) Richard Woolcot, who was appointed as special envoy of Prime Minister Hawke. APEC was founded during the first Ministerial Meeting, which was held in Canberra, Australia on November 5-7, 1989. The meeting was chaired by Australian Forein Minister Gareth Evans.<ref>[http://www.pecc.org/resources/doc_view/601-back-to-canberra-founding-apec Chapter 5: Back to Canberra:Founding APEC]</ref> The 12 founding members of APEC include:  Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and the United States.<ref></ref>  The founding members agreed that an open, multilateral trading system is paramount to attaining rapid regional economic growth; they concentrated their cooperation in the areas of investment, technology transfer, and in areas related to human resources development.<ref>

[http://actrav.itcilo.org/actrav-english/telearn/global/ilo/blokit/apeccan.htm#Summary Statement APEC Joint Statement: 1989 Canberra]</ref>

[http://actrav.itcilo.org/actrav-english/telearn/global/ilo/blokit/apeccan.htm#Summary Statement APEC Joint Statement: 1989 Canberra]</ref>

A ten-year moratorium on APEC membership was implemented in 1997, in 2007 it was extended until 2010.<ref>[http://www.apec.org/FAQ.aspx Frequently Asked Questions]</ref>

A ten-year moratorium on APEC membership was implemented in 1997, in 2007 it was extended until 2010.<ref></ref>

==APEC General Principles==

==APEC General Principles==

APEC's general principles were unanimously instituted by its founding members during the Canberra Ministerial Meeting in 1989, they include:<ref>[http://www.pecc.org/resources/doc_view/601-back-to-canberra-founding-apec Chapter 5: Founding APEC]</ref>

APEC's general principles were unanimously instituted by its founding members during the Canberra Ministerial Meeting in 1989, they include:<ref>[http://www.pecc.org/resources/doc_view/601-back-to-canberra-founding-apec Chapter 5: Founding APEC]</ref>

* APEC's objective is to enhance economic cooperation in order to maintain the growth and development of the region and contribute to the  global economic growth and development.

* APEC's objective is to enhance economic cooperation in order to maintain the growth and development of the region and contribute to the  global economic growth and development, [http://essaysprofessors.com buy best essay].

* The diversity of the region, different social and economic systems as well as the current levels of development should be recognized in the Cooperation.

* The diversity of the region, different social and economic systems as well as the current levels of development should be recognized in the Cooperation.

* Cooperation should include commitment to open dialogue, consensus and equal respect for all participants and their views or opinions.

* Cooperation should include commitment to open dialogue, consensus and equal respect for all participants and their views or opinions.

* Participation of other Asian Pacific economies may be expanded in the future based on consensus among, and evaluated based on the strength of economic linkages within the region.

* Participation of other Asian Pacific economies may be expanded in the future based on consensus among, and evaluated based on the strength of economic linkages within the region.

===The Bogor Goals===

===The Bogor Goals===

The primary objective of APEC was identified during the Bogor Meeting in Indonesia in 1994. In the Bogor Goals, member economies agreed to achieve a "free and open trade investment in the Asia Pacific Region by 2010 for industrialized countries and by 2020 for developing countries.<ref>[http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/1994/1994_aelm.aspx 1994 Leader Declaration]</ref>

The primary objective of APEC was identified during the Bogor Meeting in Indonesia in 1994. In the Bogor Goals, member economies agreed to achieve a "free and open trade investment in the Asia Pacific Region by 2010 for industrialized countries and by 2020 for developing countries.<ref></ref>

==Economic Leaders Meeting==

==Economic Leaders Meeting==

APEC conducted its meetings via informal senior official and ministerial dialogues until 1992. By 1993, former U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]] initiated the establishment of the yearly APEC Economic Leader Meeting (ELM).<ref>[http://www.apec.org/About-Us/About-APEC/History.aspx History]</ref> The first ELM was held in Blake Island, in Seattle, Washington and it was attended by heads of states in the region including:<ref>[http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=5333 President Clinton convenes APEC summit on Blake Island on November 20, 1993]</ref>

APEC conducted its meetings via informal senior official and ministerial dialogues until 1992. By 1993, former U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]] initiated the establishment of the yearly APEC Economic Leader Meeting (ELM).<ref></ref> The first ELM was held in Blake Island, in Seattle, Washington and it was attended by heads of states in the region including:<ref>[http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=5333 President Clinton convenes APEC summit on Blake Island on November 20, 1993]</ref>

* '''[[Bill Clinton]]'''-President U.S.A.

* '''[[Bill Clinton]]'''-President U.S.A.

* '''Jiang Zemin''', President People's Republic of China

* '''Jiang Zemin''', President People's Republic of China

==Member Economies==

==Member Economies==

Currently, APEC has 21 member economies, which include:<ref>[http://www.apec.org/About-Us/About-APEC/Member-Economies.aspx Member Economies]</ref>

Currently, APEC has 21 member economies, which include:<ref></ref>

* Australia - 1989

* Australia - 1989

* Brunei Darussalam -  1989

* Brunei Darussalam -  1989