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===New gTLDs===
===New gTLDs===
On January 11, 2012, the ninth version of the [[Applicant Guidebook]] was released one day prior to the opening window of ICANN's [[New gTLD Program|new gTLD program]]. The new version gave greater power to the GAC in forcing the [[ICANN Board]] to manually review any application that the committee found problematic. Exactly how many GAC members it would take to cause this review is vague, but it could be as little as one nation's objection. This is a significant change given that the [[ICANN Board]] had no requirement to heed any GAC objection in the previous guidebook; the board is still able to overrule any GAC objection.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/gac-gets-more-power-to-block-controversial-gtlds/ GAC Gets More Power to Block Controversial gTLDs, DomainIncite.com]</ref>
On January 11, 2012, the ninth version of the [[Applicant Guidebook]] was released one day prior to the opening window of ICANN's [[New gTLD Program|new gTLD program]]. The new version gave greater power to the GAC in forcing the [[ICANN Board]] to manually review any application that the committee found problematic. Exactly how many GAC members it would take to cause this review is vague, but it could be as little as one nation's objection. This is a significant change given that the [[ICANN Board]] had no requirement to heed any GAC objection in the previous guidebook; the board is still able to overrule any GAC objection.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/gac-gets-more-power-to-block-controversial-gtlds/ GAC Gets More Power to Block Controversial gTLDs], DomainIncite.com.</ref>
On November 21st, 2012, GAC publicly issued a number of Early Warnings, wherein national government representatives signaled their potential concerns related to 200 new [[TLD]] applications that are considered controversial. GAC Advice requires consensus of the GAC and may be an indicator that applications with many Early Warnings will not see approval from ICANN.<ref name="earlywarnings">[http://www.circleid.com/posts/20121121_first_insights_from_gac_early_warnings_on_new_top_level_domains/ First Insights from the GAC Early Warnings on New Top-Level Domains], CircleID.com. Published 21 November 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.</ref>
More than 240 individual GAC warnings were issued in this first instance, with 129 coming from the Australian government, 20 from Germany, and 19 from France, despite the fact that the majority of TLD applicants -- over 80% -- come from North America and Europe. 100 of the Early Warnings were related to closed generic string TLD applications, wherein a number of governments expressed concern about brands or entrepreneurs owning specific genre words. Other Early Warnings were related to market sectors, most importantly the financial, health, and charity sectors. Specific companies were also recipients of Early Warnings, including:<ref name="earlywarnings"></ref>
* Amazon, an applicant for 76 new TLDs, received 27 GAC Early Warnings
* Google, an applicant for 98 new TLDs, received 5 GAC Early Warnings
* DotConnectAfrica, an applicant for [[.africa]], received 17 Early Warnings whereas [[UniForum SA]] received none for their .africa application
GAC will offer more advice in April 2013.<ref name="earlywarnings"></ref>
==GAC Participation at ICANN==
==GAC Participation at ICANN==