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Line 18: − The application received a joint [[GAC]] Early Warning from the representatives of Brazil and Peru. The warning system is noted as a strong recommendation on behalf of national governments to the [[ICANN Board]] that a given TLD application should be denied as it stands. Applicants are encouraged to work with objecting GAC members.<ref>[http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/applicants/gac-early-warning GAC Early Warning, NewgTLDS.ICANN.org] Retrieved 26 Nov 2012</ref> − − The warning recommends that the applicant withdraw its application as the string also refers to an important region of South America, spanning across many countries, and also coincides with the name on an International organization many of these countries participate in.<ref>[https://gacweb.icann.org/download/attachments/22938690/Amazon-BR-PE-58086.pdf?version=1&modificationDate=1353452622000 Amazon BR, GACweb.ICANN.org]</ref> − ===IO Objection=== − [[ICANN]]'s [[Independent Objector]] (IO) filed a [[Community Objection]] against the .amazon string. The IO is an appointed authority on international law whose role is to object to strings on the grounds of Community harm and Limited Public Interest were detailed in the applicant guidebook. His objections are official objections and are funded by ICANN, though his office is otherwise independent. Reasons for the specific case against .amazon were not initially given, but the community objection generally argues that the TLD faces opposition or is contrary to a significant portion of a community which it purportedly aims to serve. The IO must determine: That the community is a clearly delineated community; that there is a strong association between the community and the string applied for; there is a strong association between the segment of the community on whose half we objects and the string itself; and he must determine that the TLD would produce a significant material detriment to this sizable portion of the community.<ref>[http://www.independent-objector-newgtlds.org/english-version/community-objections/ Community Objections, Independent Objector New gTlds.org] Retrieved 14 Mar 2013</ref> − − He also objected to the Japanese and Chinese versions of the string, [[.アマゾン]], and [[.亚马逊]]. Line 37:
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references
'''.amazon''' is a [[Brand TLD]] being proposed in [[ICANN]]'s [[New gTLD Program]]. The applicant is [[Amazon]].<ref>[http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/program-status/application-results/strings-1200utc-13jun12-en Reveal Day 13 June 2012 – New gTLD Applied-For Strings]</ref>
'''.amazon''' is a [[Brand TLD]] being proposed in [[ICANN]]'s [[New gTLD Program]]. The applicant is [[Amazon]].<ref>[http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/program-status/application-results/strings-1200utc-13jun12-en Reveal Day 13 June 2012 – New gTLD Applied-For Strings]</ref>
==Application Details==
==Application Details==
The following is excerpted from the applicant's response to question #18:
The following is excerpted from the applicant's response to question #18:
* Provide Amazon a further platform for innovation.
* Provide Amazon a further platform for innovation.
* Enable Amazon to protect its intellectual property rights."<ref>[http://gtldresult.icann.org/application-result/applicationstatus/applicationdetails/984 Application Download, gTLDresult.ICANN.org] Retrieved 26 Feb 2013</ref>
* Enable Amazon to protect its intellectual property rights."<ref>[http://gtldresult.icann.org/application-result/applicationstatus/applicationdetails/984 Application Download, gTLDresult.ICANN.org] Retrieved 26 Feb 2013</ref>
==GAC Early Warning==
The application received a joint [[GAC]] Early Warning from the representatives of Brazil and Peru. The warning system is noted as a strong recommendation on behalf of national governments to the [[ICANN Board]] that a given TLD application should be denied as it stands. Applicants are encouraged to work with objecting GAC members.<ref>[http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/applicants/gac-early-warning GAC Early Warning, NewgTLDS.ICANN.org] Retrieved 26 Nov 2012</ref>
The warning recommends that the applicant withdraw its application as the string also refers to an important region of South America, spanning across many countries, and also coincides with the name on an International organization many of these countries participate in.<ref>[https://gacweb.icann.org/download/attachments/22938690/Amazon-BR-PE-58086.pdf?version=1&modificationDate=1353452622000 Amazon BR, GACweb.ICANN.org]</ref>
Although the United States government initially opposed the [[GAC]] objection to geographic-looking strings such as .amazon, they put out a statement in July 2013 that revised their position, saying it would remain neutral in the case of .amazon, thereby allowing the GAC to present a consensus objection regarding the string and all of its [[IDN]] versions.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/13637-amazons-dot-brand-likely-doomed-as-us-withdraws-geo-objection?goback=%2Egde_1840166_member_255992449 Amazons dot brand likely doomed, Domain Incite] Retrieved Oct 4 2013</ref>
==IO Objection==
[[ICANN]]'s [[Independent Objector]] (IO) filed a [[Community Objection]] against the .amazon string. The IO is an appointed authority on international law whose role is to object to strings on the grounds of Community harm and Limited Public Interest were detailed in the applicant guidebook. His objections are official objections and are funded by ICANN, though his office is otherwise independent. Reasons for the specific case against .amazon were not initially given, but the community objection generally argues that the TLD faces opposition or is contrary to a significant portion of a community which it purportedly aims to serve. The IO must determine: That the community is a clearly delineated community; that there is a strong association between the community and the string applied for; there is a strong association between the segment of the community on whose half we objects and the string itself; and he must determine that the TLD would produce a significant material detriment to this sizable portion of the community.<ref>[http://www.independent-objector-newgtlds.org/english-version/community-objections/ Community Objections, Independent Objector New gTlds.org] Retrieved 14 Mar 2013</ref>
He also objected to the Japanese and Chinese versions of the string, [[.アマゾン]], and [[.亚马逊]].
==ICANN NGPC Accepts GAC Advice==
In May 2014, ICANN's [[NGPC]] announced it would be accepting the [[GAC]] advice that the current application for .amazon should not proceed as it is, since governments from the Amazon biome region, specifically Brazil and Peru, have objected to the string on grounds that Amazon the company would not allow for use of the domains in the public interest and related to the protection and promotion of this region.
It is unclear what steps Amazon will take next. The Japanese and Chinese versions of the string "amazon" will also not proceed.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/16688-amazons-bid-for-amazon-is-dead Amazon's Bid for .amazon is Dead, DomainIncite] Retrieved 19 May 2014</ref>
== Independent Review & Ruling ==
After ICANN's acceptance of the GAC's advice and its subsequent denial of Amazon's application for .amazon, Amazon filed for an Independent Review. In the final declaration dated 11 July 2017, the panel determined that ICANN's board gave too much deference to the GAC's advice. Furthermore, the panel determined that the board "failed in its duty to explain and give adequate reasons for its decision, beyond merely citing to its reliance on the GAC advice and the presumption."<ref>[https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/irp-amazon-final-declaration-11jul17-en.pdf IRP for .Amazon]. Retrieved 18 Jul 2017.</ref>
== Statements from the community ==
During the process of discussion about the delegation of .amazon, statements by the community have referenced the issue, with linkages to the theme coming from the environmental perspective and even from underserved communities, i. e. indigenous issues. <ref>[https://bestbits.net/amazon/ Best Bits Statement: Amazonians Speak about dot-Amazon]</ref><ref>[https://justnetcoalition.org/statements#amazon Just Net Coalition endorses statement Amazonians Speak about Dot-Amazon]</ref>
==References==
==References==