Internet Development in Africa: Difference between revisions

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'''<span style="color:#CFA600">UNDER CONSTRUCTION</span>'''

==Pan African Development Information System==

==Organizations==

===Pan African Development Information System===

The Pan African Development Information System, or PADIS was a co-operative initiative started in early 1980 in Ethiopia. PADIS was comprised of five sites that stored data from The PADIS Network which consisted of 39 centres that interacted, created and exchanged information system data amongst themselves. These centres aimed to assist policy-making decisions and the socio-political development of the African continent. Its primary objectives were as follows:

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* Provision of user services, including printed outputs from data bases, newsletters, selective dissemination of information, current awareness profiles and retrospective searches, question/answer service, hardcopy and microfiche document delivery, data bases on magnetic media and consolidating and repackaging of information. <ref>[http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Padis/padis_ams.html African Studies Center. Retrieved 25 Jan 2016.]</ref>

==PADISNET==

===PADISNET===

In a fashion somewhat similar to [[ARPANET]], PADISNET began in 1990 as a pilot project to electronically link distinct network nodes. Supported by the International Development Resource Center (IDRC), PADISNET connected on-demand to London, South Africa, the United States, Dakar (Senegal), Accra (Ghana), and Dar Es Salaam (Tanzania). <ref>[http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Padis/Godard.html Africa and Sciences, The Availability of Computer Communications. Retrieved 25 Jan 2016.]</ref> To be sure, this was not the official beginning of Africa's [[Internet]], but a major step toward refining and advancing it.

===NSRC===

In the early 1990s Egyptian universities were struggling to connect to one of education's top data dissemination tools, the Internet. After contacting the [[Network Startup Resource Center]] or NSRC, this goal was achieved. Bolstered by this success, the African Education division of the World Bank requested the NSRC to build a sustainable network for email in Guinea. Worked continued in Conakry, where the organization set up a [[Point to Point Protocol]] or PPP and dial up to establish the country's first connections to the Internet.

The NSRC is currently working with [[Uganda On Line]], the [[East Africa Help Desk]], Makerere University and the [[African Virtual University]] to connect more of Africa's academics and NGOs with the Internet. <ref>[https://nsrc.org/about#early About the NSRC-Early History. Retrieved 26 Jan 2016.]</ref>

===KENIC===

KENIC is an acronym for '''Kenya Network Information Centre'''. It is a domain [[Registry|registry]] in Kenya that was established with the goal of creating a nonprofit organization to manage and operate [[.ke]] and corresponding [[ccTLD]]s. It also aims at the development of Internet and other Internet related services in Kenya, with the assistance of various national and international organizations through Public Private Partnerships (PPPs). In addition to these main objectives, KENIC aims to bring Kenya on equal standards with the global Internet technology with the assistance of the government.<ref>[http://www.kenic.or.ke/index.php?option=com_content&task=section&id=4&Itemid=36 About KENIC]</ref>

The main contributors in the formation of this nonprofit organization were Dr. [[Shem Ochuodho]] and Mr. [[Randy Bush]]. KENIC began full functioning in 1993. In October 2001 KENIC expanded its consultations and services with the assistance of Communications Commission of Kenya (CCK) and local Internet stakeholders.<ref>[http://www.kenic.or.ke/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=38 KENIC Background]</ref>

===Internet Society===

The [[Internet Society]] (ISOC) first established roots in Africa in Morocco in April 1996, with Ghana and Egypt following close behind.

ISOC was instrumental in creating [[INET]] Technical Workshops as a means to educate those who wanted to set up IP networks. This focused, one-week training covered the [[DNS]] and routing and Internet services implementation. Dr. [[Nii Quaynor]], Dr [[Tarek Kamel]] and [[Pierre Dandjinou]] were instrumental contributors to INET and its proliferation throughout Africa. <ref>[https://www.internetsociety.org/history-internet-africa-organizations-and-initiatives History of the Internet in Africa: Organizations and Initiatives. Retrieved 26 Jan 2016.]</ref>

===AFRINIC===

The African Network Information Center (AFRINIC) is the [[Regional Internet Registry]] of Africa and the Indian Ocean.

(AFRINIC) is a non-governmental and not-for-profit membership based organization. Its main role is to serve as the Regional Internet Registry ([[RIR]]) for the African region. AFRINIC was recognized by [[ICANN]] as a functioning regional registry and information center in 2004. Before the creation of AFRINIC, all [[IP Address]]es were managed by [[APNIC]], [[ARIN]], and [[RIPE NCC]].<ref>[http://afrinic.net/en/about-us About AFRINIC]</ref>

AFRINIC's mission is: "To serve the African Community by providing professional and efficient management of Internet number technology usage and development, and promoting Internet self-governance." <ref>[http://afrinic.net/en/about-us/origins AFRINIC's Mission]</ref>

==African CcTLDs==

===.ma===

The .ma [[ccTLD]] was first delegated in June 1992, <ref>[http://www.iana.org/reports/2006/ma-report-24jul2006.html IANA Background Information on .MA. Retrieved 09 Feb 2016.]</ref> and re-delegated to [[ANRT]] in 2006, after initial concerns in 2005 from the [[IANA]] that community outreach would be lacking if the [[ccTLD]]'s management was led by the private sector. After that 2005 online consultation and a subsequent Internet conference to address issues of community outreach, ANRT lodged another re-delegation request with [[IANA]] in 2006, and the Moroccan Minister of Economic and General Affairs approved the ccTLD's re-delegation.<ref name="study">[https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/eurid-middle-east-dns-study-initial-13oct15-en.pdf MEAC DNS Study], ICANN.org. Published 2015 October 13. Retrieved 2015 November 6.</ref>

The Administrative and Technical Contact of the registry at the time assented to the re-delegation to ANRT, commenting that "ANRT recognises that the Internet naming system is a public resource in the sense that its functions must be administered in the public or common interest".<ref name="anrt">[https://www.iana.org/reports/2006/ma-report-24jul2006.html IANA Report on the Redelegation of the .MA Top-Level Domain], IANA.org. Retrieved 2015 November 12.</ref>

In 2006, the [[ICANN Board]] considered the request and authorized the President of [[ICANN]] to move forward with the delegation of the .ma ccTLD to ANRT.<ref name="study"></ref><ref name="anrt"></ref>

===.ke===

The .ke CcTLD was first delegated to the [[Root Zone]] in April 1993. Two men, Dr. [[Shem J. Ochuodho]] (administrative) and [[Randy Bush]] (technical) served as the primary contacts for the TLD, and both managed it on a volunteer basis.

Around 2000, a community of stakeholders, both public and private, collaborated to form a participatory, community-based non-profit, dedicated to ensuring the technical and administrative well-being of the .ke CcTLD. This community grew to become [[KENIC]], the definitive non-profit dedicated to managing .ke. <ref>[https://www.iana.org/reports/2002/ke-report-20dec02.html IANA Report of Re-Delegation of .KE. Retrieved 09 Feb 2016.]</ref>

KENIC has adopted a registry/registrar model. Kenyan based companies comprise the bulk of registrars. Registrations are reserved for Kenyan residents. <ref>[http://dotafrica.blogspot.com/p/african-cctlds.html African CcTLDs. Retrieved 09 Feb 2016.]</ref>

===.za===

===.dz===

==African Registries==

==Key Figures==

===Dr. Nii Quaynor===

==References==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''<span style="color:#CFA600">UNDER CONSTRUCTION</span>'''
-==Pan African Development Information System==
+==Organizations==
+===Pan African Development Information System===
 The Pan African Development Information System, or PADIS was a co-operative initiative started in early 1980 in Ethiopia. PADIS was comprised of five sites that stored data from The PADIS Network which consisted of 39 centres that interacted, created and exchanged information system data amongst themselves. These centres aimed to assist policy-making decisions and the socio-political development of the African continent. Its primary objectives were as follows:
@@ Line 24: / Line 26: @@
 * Provision of user services, including printed outputs from data bases, newsletters, selective dissemination of information, current awareness profiles and retrospective searches, question/answer service, hardcopy and microfiche document delivery, data bases on magnetic media and consolidating and repackaging of information. <ref>[http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Padis/padis_ams.html African Studies Center. Retrieved 25 Jan 2016.]</ref>
-==PADISNET==
+===PADISNET===
 In a fashion somewhat similar to [[ARPANET]], PADISNET began in 1990 as a pilot project to electronically link distinct network nodes. Supported by the International Development Resource Center (IDRC), PADISNET connected on-demand to London, South Africa, the United States, Dakar (Senegal), Accra (Ghana), and Dar Es Salaam (Tanzania). <ref>[http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Padis/Godard.html Africa and Sciences, The Availability of Computer Communications. Retrieved 25 Jan 2016.]</ref> To be sure, this was not the official beginning of Africa's [[Internet]], but a major step toward refining and advancing it.
+===NSRC===
+In the early 1990s Egyptian universities were struggling to connect to one of education's top data dissemination tools, the Internet. After contacting the [[Network Startup Resource Center]] or NSRC, this goal was achieved. Bolstered by this success, the African Education division of the World Bank requested the NSRC to build a sustainable network for email in Guinea. Worked continued in Conakry, where the organization set up a [[Point to Point Protocol]] or PPP and dial up to establish the country's first connections to the Internet.
+The NSRC is currently working with [[Uganda On Line]], the [[East Africa Help Desk]], Makerere University and the [[African Virtual University]] to connect more of Africa's academics and NGOs with the Internet. <ref>[https://nsrc.org/about#early About the NSRC-Early History. Retrieved 26 Jan 2016.]</ref>
+===KENIC===
+KENIC is an acronym for '''Kenya Network Information Centre'''. It is a domain [[Registry|registry]] in Kenya that was established with the goal of creating a nonprofit organization to manage and operate [[.ke]] and corresponding [[ccTLD]]s. It also aims at the development of Internet and other Internet related services in Kenya, with the assistance of various national and international organizations through Public Private Partnerships (PPPs). In addition to these main objectives, KENIC aims to bring Kenya on equal standards with the global Internet technology with the assistance of the government.<ref>[http://www.kenic.or.ke/index.php?option=com_content&task=section&id=4&Itemid=36 About KENIC]</ref>
+The main contributors in the formation of this nonprofit organization were Dr. [[Shem Ochuodho]] and Mr. [[Randy Bush]]. KENIC began full functioning in 1993. In October 2001 KENIC expanded its consultations and services with the assistance of Communications Commission of Kenya (CCK) and local Internet stakeholders.<ref>[http://www.kenic.or.ke/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=38 KENIC Background]</ref>
+===Internet Society===
+The [[Internet Society]] (ISOC) first established roots in Africa in Morocco in April 1996, with Ghana and Egypt following close behind.
+ISOC was instrumental in creating [[INET]] Technical Workshops as a means to educate those who wanted to set up IP networks. This focused, one-week training covered the [[DNS]] and routing and Internet services implementation. Dr. [[Nii Quaynor]], Dr [[Tarek Kamel]] and [[Pierre Dandjinou]] were instrumental contributors to INET and its proliferation throughout Africa. <ref>[https://www.internetsociety.org/history-internet-africa-organizations-and-initiatives History of the Internet in Africa: Organizations and Initiatives. Retrieved 26 Jan 2016.]</ref>
+===AFRINIC===
+The African Network Information Center (AFRINIC) is the [[Regional Internet Registry]] of Africa and the Indian Ocean.
+(AFRINIC) is a non-governmental and not-for-profit membership based organization. Its main role is to serve as the Regional Internet Registry ([[RIR]]) for the African region. AFRINIC was recognized by [[ICANN]] as a functioning regional registry and information center in 2004. Before the creation of AFRINIC, all [[IP Address]]es were managed by [[APNIC]], [[ARIN]], and [[RIPE NCC]].<ref>[http://afrinic.net/en/about-us About AFRINIC]</ref>
+AFRINIC's mission is: "To serve the African Community by providing professional and efficient management of Internet number technology usage and development, and promoting Internet self-governance." <ref>[http://afrinic.net/en/about-us/origins AFRINIC's Mission]</ref>
+==African CcTLDs==
+===.ma===
+The .ma [[ccTLD]] was first delegated in June 1992, <ref>[http://www.iana.org/reports/2006/ma-report-24jul2006.html IANA Background Information on .MA. Retrieved 09 Feb 2016.]</ref> and re-delegated to [[ANRT]] in 2006, after initial concerns in 2005 from the [[IANA]] that community outreach would be lacking if the [[ccTLD]]'s management was led by the private sector. After that 2005 online consultation and a subsequent Internet conference to address issues of community outreach, ANRT lodged another re-delegation request with [[IANA]] in 2006, and the Moroccan Minister of Economic and General Affairs approved the ccTLD's re-delegation.<ref name="study">[https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/eurid-middle-east-dns-study-initial-13oct15-en.pdf MEAC DNS Study], ICANN.org. Published 2015 October 13. Retrieved 2015 November 6.</ref>
+The Administrative and Technical Contact of the registry at the time assented to the re-delegation to ANRT, commenting that "ANRT recognises that the Internet naming system is a public resource in the sense that its functions must be administered in the public or common interest".<ref name="anrt">[https://www.iana.org/reports/2006/ma-report-24jul2006.html IANA Report on the Redelegation of the .MA Top-Level Domain], IANA.org. Retrieved 2015 November 12.</ref>
+In 2006, the [[ICANN Board]] considered the request and authorized the President of [[ICANN]] to move forward with the delegation of the .ma ccTLD to ANRT.<ref name="study"></ref><ref name="anrt"></ref>
+===.ke===
+The .ke CcTLD was first delegated to the [[Root Zone]] in April 1993. Two men, Dr. [[Shem J. Ochuodho]] (administrative) and [[Randy Bush]] (technical)  served as the primary contacts for the TLD, and both managed it on a volunteer basis.
+Around 2000, a community of stakeholders, both public and private, collaborated to form a participatory, community-based non-profit, dedicated to ensuring the technical and administrative well-being of the .ke CcTLD. This community grew to become [[KENIC]], the definitive non-profit dedicated to managing .ke. <ref>[https://www.iana.org/reports/2002/ke-report-20dec02.html IANA Report of Re-Delegation of .KE. Retrieved 09 Feb 2016.]</ref>
+KENIC has adopted a registry/registrar model. Kenyan based companies comprise the bulk of registrars. Registrations are reserved for Kenyan residents. <ref>[http://dotafrica.blogspot.com/p/african-cctlds.html African CcTLDs. Retrieved 09 Feb 2016.]</ref>
+===.za===
+===.dz===
+==African Registries==
+==Key Figures==
+===Dr. Nii Quaynor===
+{{#ev:youtube|TCgSrxAw}}
 ==References==