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==Responsibilities==
==Responsibilities==
RSSAC has the following responsibilities, per the ICANN bylaws:
RSSAC has the following responsibilities, per the [[ICANN Bylaws]]:
# Communicate on matters relating to the operation of the Root Servers and their multiple instances with the Internet technical community and the ICANN community. The RSSAC shall gather and articulate requirements to offer to those engaged in technical revision of the protocols and best common practices related to the operation of DNS servers.
# Communicate on matters relating to the operation of the Root Servers and their multiple instances with the Internet technical community and the ICANN community. The RSSAC shall gather and articulate requirements to offer to those engaged in technical revision of the protocols and best common practices related to the operation of DNS servers.
# Communicate on matters relating to the administration of the Root Zone with those who have direct responsibility for that administration. These matters include the processes and procedures for the production of the Root Zone File.
# Communicate on matters relating to the administration of the Root Zone with those who have direct responsibility for that administration. These matters include the processes and procedures for the production of the Root Zone File.
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# Report periodically to the Board on its activities.
# Report periodically to the Board on its activities.
# Make policy recommendations to the ICANN community and Board.
# Make policy recommendations to the ICANN community and Board.
===RSSAC Policy Advice Development===
The RSSAC follows six basic steps to develop the advice it provides the [[ICANN Board]] and community on the operation, administration, security, and integrity of the Internet’s Root Server System.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/rssac-000-op-procedures-01sep20-en.pdf RSSAC Procedures]</ref>
#An RSSAC or RSSAC Caucus member proposes a work item, which can include requests from the ICANN Board, and then submits a statement of work for the RSSAC to consider.
#The RSSAC reviews the statement of work, and if it is approved, a work party of either RSSAC or RSSAC Caucus members is formed.
#The work party writes a draft document, which its leader circulates for review and comment among RSSAC members and then RSSAC Caucus members.
#The work party submits the document to the RSSAC for a vote.
#The RSSAC shares the document with those it might affect and submits it for [[Public Comment]] proceedings.
#The RSSAC publishes the approved document and tracks its effects.


==Structure==
==Structure==
===Representatives===
===Representatives===
The RSSAC consists of voting representatives from each of the 12 organizations responsible for operating the 13 root name servers, and alternates to each of these. It also includes non-voting liaisons from a number of functions related to services pertaining to the root zone.  
The RSSAC consists of voting representatives from each of the 12 organizations responsible for operating the 13 root name servers and alternates to each of these. It also includes non-voting liaisons from a number of functions related to services pertaining to the root zone. The [[RSSAC Caucus]] provides a pool of expertise, to which the representatives of the 13 root name servers can turn to form work parties and draft advice documents.  


The current composition is available at [https://www.icann.org/groups/rssac/ RSSAC's official web page].   
The current composition is available at [https://www.icann.org/groups/rssac/ RSSAC's official web page].   
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|-
|-
|[[Verisign]]
|[[Verisign]]
|[[Brad Verd]] (Vice Chair)
|[[Brad Verd]]  
|31 December 2021
|31 December 2024
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|-
|[[University of Southern California]]
|[[University of Southern California – Information Sciences Institute]]
|[[User:Hardaker|Wes Hardaker]]
|[[Wes Hardaker]]
|31 December 2023
|31 December 2023
|[[Suzanne Woolf]]
|[[Suzanne Woolf]]
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|[[Brad Belanger]]
|[[Brad Belanger]]
|-
|-
|[[University of Maryland]]
|[[University of Maryland – ACIGS]]
|[[Karl Reuss]]
|[[Karl Reuss]]
|31 December 2022
|31 December 2022
|[[Gerry Sneeringer]]
|[[Gerry Sneeringer]]
|-
|-
|[[NASA]]
|[[NASA Ames Research Center]]
|[[Barbara Schleckser]]
|[[Barbara Schleckser]]
|31 December 2022
|31 December 2022
|[[Tom Miglin]]
|[[Tom Miglin]]
|-
|-
|[[Internet Consortium]]
|[[Internet Systems Consortium]]
|[[Fred Baker]] (Chair)
|[[Jeff Osborn]] (Chair)
|31 December 2021
|31 December 2024
|[[Jeff Osborn]]
|Robert Carolina
|-
|-
|[[US Department of Defense]]
|[[Defense Information Systems Agency]]
|[[Kevin Wright]]
|John Augenstein
|31 December 2022
|31 December 2022
|[[Ryan Stephenson]]
|Jill Place
|-
|-
|[[US Army Research Labratory]]
|[[U.S. Army Research Lab]]
|[[Howard Kash]]
|[[Howard Kash]]
|31 December 2022
|31 December 2022
|[[Kenneth Renard]]
|[[Kenneth Renard]] (Vice Chair)
|-
|-
|[[Netnod]]
|[[Netnod]]
|[[Lars-Johan Liman]]
|[[Lars-Johan Liman]]
|31 December 2021
|31 December 2024
|[[Patrik Fältström]]
|[[Patrik Fältström]]
|-
|-
|[[RIPE NCC]]
|[[RIPE NCC]]
|[[Kaveh Ranjbar]]
|Hans Petter Holen
|31 December 2023
|31 December 2023
|[[Anand Buddhdev]]
|Paul de Weerd
|-
|-
|[[ICANN]]
|[[ICANN]]
|[[Matt Larson]]
|[[Matt Larson]]
|31 December 2021
|31 December 2024
|[[Terry Manderson]]
|[[Terry Manderson]]
|-
|-
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|[[Hiro Hotta]]
|[[Hiro Hotta]]
|}
|}
===Partner Member Representatives===
The RSSAC includes two non-voting representatives from the organizations responsible for the maintenance of the [[authoritative root zone]]:


===Liaisons to RSSAC===
There are four liaisons to the RSSAC from other organizations within the Internet community:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Partner Representative
! Organization || Liaison
!Name
!Affiliation
|-
|-
|IANA Functions Operator
| [[IANA]] || [[James Mitchell]]
|[[James Mitchell]]
|PTI
|-
|-
|<abbr>Root Zone</abbr> Maintainer
| [[Root Zone|Root Zone Maintainer]] ([[Verisign]]) || [[Duane Wessels]]
|[[Duane Wessels]]
|Verisign
|}
 
===RSSAC Liaisons===
There are two liaisons to the RSSAC from other organizations within the Internet community:
{| class="wikitable"
!Liaison From
!Name
!Affiliation
|-
|-
|[[Internet Architecture Board]]
| Internet Architecture Board ([[IAB]]) || [[Daniel Migault]]
|[[Daniel Migault]]
|
|-
|-
|[[SSAC|Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC)]]
| [[SSAC]] || [[Russ Mundy]]
|[[Russ Mundy]]
 
|}
|}
===RSSAC Liaisons to Other Organizations===
 
===Liaisons from RSSAC to Other Organizations===
RSSAC appoints liaisons to other groups and organizations to coordinate or communicate matters of common interest, as required by the [[RSSAC Operational Procedures]]
RSSAC appoints liaisons to other groups and organizations to coordinate or communicate matters of common interest, as required by the [[RSSAC Operational Procedures]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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!Affiliation
!Affiliation
|-
|-
|ICANN Board of Directors
|[[ICANN Board|ICANN Board of Directors]]
|[[Kaveh Ranjbar]]
|[[Wes Hardaker]]
|RIPE NCC
|[[University of Southern California – Information Sciences Institute]]
|-
|-
|Customer Standing Committee
|[[Customer Standing Committee]]
|[[Lars-Johan Liman]]
|[[Kenneth Renard]]
|
|[[U.S. Army Research Lab]]
|-
|-
|Root Zone Evolution Review Committee
|[[Root Zone Evolution Review Committee]]
|[[Daniel Migault]]
|[[Daniel Migault]]
|
|[[IAB]] liaison to RSSAC
|-
|-
|ICANN Nominating Committee
|[[NomCom|ICANN Nominating Committee]]
|[[Amir Qayyum]]
|[[Amir Qayyum]]
|
|[[ICANN]] community
|}
|}


==RSSAC Projects==
===Other Appointments===
Since its inception, the committee continuously performs projects under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA)<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/committees/dns-root/crada.htm CRADA]</ref> between [[ICANN]], the [[NIST|National Institute for Standards and Technology]] (NIST), and [[NTIA|National Telecommunications and Information Administration]] (NTIA), to conduct a collaborative study to address the operational and technical requirements of the root name servers to be able to establish a more robust and secure management of the Internet [[DNS]] root server system.<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/committees/dns-root/ www.icann.org]</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
| '''Team/Committee''' || '''RSSAC Rep'''
|-
| [[CCWG-Accountability Work Stream 2|Work Stream 2 – Community Coordination Group]] || [[Robert Carolina]]
|-
| ICANN [[Fellowship Program]] Selection Committee || [[Gaurav Kansal]]
|-
| ICANN [[Fellowship Program]] Mentoring Committee || [[Afifa Abbas]]
|-
| [[IANA]] Naming Function Review Team ([[IFRT]]) || [[Suzanne Woolf]]
|-
| [[NextGen@ICANN]] Selection Committee || [[Abdulkarim Oloyede]]
|-
| [[NextGen@ICANN]] Mentoring Committee || [[Dessalegn Yehuala]]
|}
*


The RSSAC was also involved in the Y2K Project between 1999 to 2000. Its objective was to make sure that the operations of the root nameserver system is in compliance with Y2K protocol by conducting administrative services and testing.<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/committees/dns-root/y2k-statement.htm RSSAC Statement on Root Nameserver Year 2000 Status]</ref>
===Previous Leaders===
{| class="wikitable"
! RSSAC Rep || Dates
|-
| [[Jun Murai]], Chair || January 1999 - December 2014
|-
| [[Matt Larson]], Vice Chair || August 2006 - July 2013
|-
| [[Lars-Johan Liman]], Co-Chair || July 2013 - December 2015
|-
| [[Tripti Sinha]], Co-Chair || January 2015 - October 2018
|-
| [[Brad Verd]], Co-Chair || January 2016 - October 2019
|-
| [[Fred Baker]], Co-Chair || October 2018 - October 2019
|}


The committee is also conducting new technical developments on [[IPv6]], [[DNSSEC]], [[IDN]], and their effects to the root nameserver system.
==RSSAC Projects==
 
Since its inception, the committee continuously performs projects under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA)<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/committees/dns-root/crada.htm CRADA]</ref> between [[ICANN]], the [[National Institute for Standards and Technology]] (NIST), and [[NTIA|National Telecommunications and Information Administration]] (NTIA), to conduct a collaborative study to address the operational and technical requirements of the root name servers to be able to establish a more robust and secure management of the Internet [[DNS]] root server system.<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/committees/dns-root/ www.icann.org]</ref>
== 2008-9 Independent Review of RSSAC by Westlake Consulting Limited==
Article IV, Section 4, Paragraph 1 of the ICANN Bylaws stipulated that a review on the performance and operations of the RSSAC by an independent organization is required to determine if the committee is still serving its purpose in the ICANN structure and if certain changes in the structure or operations are necessary to improve its functions.<ref>
[http://www.icann.org/en/general/archive-bylaws/bylaws-15dec02.htm#IV ICANN Bylaws 2002]</ref> To be able to comply with the Bylaws, the [[ICANN Board]] issued a Request For Proposal and Terms of Reference to conduct and independent review on the RSSAC in July, 2008.<ref>[http://192.0.43.22/en/reviews/rssac/rfp-tor-request-11jul08-en.htm Request For Proposals]</ref> ICANN selected [[Westlake Consulting Limited]], and in November of 2008, the company started performing face to face interviews with some individuals during the ICANN Meeting in Cairo and during the IETF meeting in Minnesota regarding RSSAC. WCL also conducted telephone interviews and accessed all available written-records regarding the committee. <ref>[http://192.0.43.22/en/reviews/rssac/ RSSAC Review]</ref>
 
===Findings===
By April of 2009, WCL published its final report on the Independent Review on RSSAC with the following findings:<ref>[http://192.0.43.22/en/reviews/rssac/rssac-review-final-mar09-en.pdf WCL Final Report]</ref>
* RSSAC only provides reactions to issues instead of regularly giving updates to the ICANN Board regarding the activities and functions of the committee.
* Communication and agreement about the expectations of the Board towards the committee is insufficient.
* RSSAC provides minimal strategic advice to the ICANN Board because the committee is dominated by independent root server operators that are focused on operations.
* The records of the RSSAC meetings are poor and incomplete.
* The election process of the members of the committee and its chairman is not clear.
* The Root Server Operators believed that some of the functions of RSSAC identified in the Bylaws of ICANN are their responsibility, and because of that the committee's reported little of its responsibilities.
* Interaction between RSSAC and the different organization within ICANN is limited because most of the committee's members do not or seldom participate in [[ICANN Meetings]]. RSSAC committee members frequently attend or conduct their meeting in conjunction with the meetings of the [[IETF]].
 
===Recommendations===
Based on its final report, WCL recommended the following to improve the operational functions of RSSAC:<ref>[http://192.0.43.22/en/reviews/rssac/rssac-review-final-mar09-en.pdf Final Report Independent Review on RSSAC]</ref>
* Re-establish RSSAC as a strategy group which will be jointly supervised by ICANN and Root Server Operators.
* Amend the Terms of Reference of the ICANN Bylaws and set out a new role for RSSAC to "provide a source of unbiased strategic advice to ICANN, the Root Server Operators and the Internet Community about the best way ahead for the Root Server System."
* Reconstitute RSSAC's membership with 9 initial members who have strong technical backgrounds. The committee should be composed of 4 Root Server Operators, 1 appointed by [[IANA]]; and 4 appointed by the ICANN Board/[[NomCom|Nominating Committee]].
* The Chairman of the committee shall be appointed by its members with a two year term, with a limited three consecutive 2-years terms.
* Appoint non-voting liaison members, which include Outward liaison from the RSSAC to the ICANN Board and the [[SSAC]] and an Inward liaison to the RSSAC from [[IETF]]/[[IAB]].
* RSSAC should meet in conjunction with ICANN meetings and may be able to hold additional meetings as necessary; meetings shall be open for public participation and hold a closed meeting if necessary; Root Server Operators and members of the ICANN Board should be invited to the meeting even during closed sessions and shall be given the right to speak under the RSSAC Chairman's discretion.
 
===RSSAC Working Group Review on WCL Report===
In June, 2010, the RSSAC Working Group submitted its final report regarding the findings of WCL's independent review. The Working Group acknowledged that the committee was not able to fully serve its purpose in the ICANN structure because of lack of regular communication between ICANN and RSSAC, the committee has insufficient knowledge about ICANN  and vice versa, the role and responsibilities of RSSAC as stipulated in the ICANN Bylaws need amendment and the shared understanding between the RSSAC role, Root Server Operators responsibilities and the ICANN mission is not clear. The Working Group recommended that the full cooperation of the Root Server Operators is necessary to implement structural and operational changes to improve the operations of RSSAC.<ref>[http://192.0.43.22/en/reviews/rssac/rssac-review-final-report-08jun10-en.pdf RSSAC Working Group Final Report]</ref>
 
===Advisories===
At its regular meeting in November 2014, the RSSAC formally approved RSSAC001 and RSSAC002, the first two formal advisories produced under its reorganized structure.
RSSAC001 defines the best practice service to be provided by root servers and defines the operational expectations that users might reasonably anticipate of both that service and the root server operators. This document highlights that a diversity of approach is desirable in the root server system.<ref>[http://www.domainpulse.com/2014/12/10/icann-rssac-approves-advisories-service-expectations/ ICANN RSSAC approves advisories on service expectations] Domainpulse, Retrieved 17th December 2014.</ref>
 
RSSAC002 "identifies and recommends an initial set of parameters that would be useful to monitor for establishing a baseline and trends for the root server system. The implementation of these measurements (and future refinements to them) by root server operators will form an early warning system that will assist in detecting and mitigating any effects (or the absence of such effects) associated with growing size of the root zone."<ref>[http://www.domainpulse.com/2014/12/10/icann-rssac-approves-advisories-service-expectations/ ICANN RSSAC approves advisories on service expectations] Domainpulse, Retrieved 17th December 2014.</ref>
 
==2017-19 Independent Review of RSSAC by Interisle Consulting Group, LLC==
Pursuant to Article 4, Section 4.4 of the [[ICANN Bylaws]], [[ICANN]] initiated a second RSSAC independent review process on April 19, 2017.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/resources/board-material/resolutions-2017-04-19-en#1.a Approved Board Resolutions - ICANN Special Board Meeting, April 19, 2017]</ref> ICANN drafted and distributed a Request for Proposals for this review.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/news/announcement-2017-06-05-en Request for Proposal for the RSSAC Organizational Review]</ref>
 
===Scope of Review===
In both the announcement and the RFP, ICANN presented a broad scope of subjects for review. For example, the announcement stated that the goal was a "comprehensive assessment" of the RSSAC, "<nowiki>includ[ing], but [...] </nowiki>not limited to:
* The continued purpose of RSSAC within the ICANN structure;
* How effectively RSSAC fulfills its purpose;
* Whether any change in structure or operations is needed; and
* The extent to which RSSAC as a whole is accountable to the wider ICANN community."<ref>[https://www.icann.org/news/announcement-2017-06-05-en Request for Proposal for the RSSAC Organizational Review]</ref>
 
The RFP echoed the need to investigate those issues, and also provided a "non-comprehensive" list of proposed questions to be addressed regarding the RSSAC's composition, mission, procedures, transparency, and communication.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/rfp-rssac-review-05jun17-en.pdf Project Overview to the
Request for Proposal For REVIEW OF THE ICANN Root Server System Advisory Committee - June 5, 2017 (PDF)]</ref> On April 18, 2017, on behalf of RSSAC, Carlos Reyes submitted comments to ICANN requesting more specificity in some of the proposed questions.<ref>[https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/rssac-review2/2017-April/000002.html Email: Carlos Reyes to Lars Hoffman, April 18 2017]</ref> However, in correspondence back to the RSSAC, ICANN submitted a draft "Self Assessment" tool for the committee utilizing the RFP's proposed questions as part of the assessment template, with changes to some questions that appear to align with the RSSAC requests.<ref>[https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/rssac-review2/2017-May/000003.html Email: Angie Graves to RSSAC-Review2 listserv, May 4, 2017]</ref>
 
After accepting and reviewing proposals through the RFP process, [[ICANN]] contracted with [[Interisle Consulting Group, LLC]] to conduct the second independent review of RSSAC.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/news/announcement-2017-09-28-en ICANN Announcement of Selection of Independent Examiner, Interisle - September 28, 2017]</ref> Interisle assembled a team of three consultants for the review, [[Lyman Chapin]], [[Jim Reid]], and [[Colin Strutt]]<ref>[https://community.icann.org/display/ACCRSSAC/Independent+Examiner ICANN's RSAAC2 Dashboard - Independent Examiner]</ref>
===Review Methodology & Data Sources===
Interisle's review included attendance at RSSAC meetings, [[ICANN Meeting]] sessions, and conference calls during the autumn of 2017 and winter of 2018.<ref name="finalreport2">[https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/rssac-review-final-02jul18-en.pdf Independent Review of the ICANN Root Server System Advisory Committee: Final Report; July 2, 2018 (PDF)]</ref> In addition, they conducted 48 interviews with individuals connected to or working within the RSSAC.<ref name="finalreport2" /> At the end of 2017, Interisle conducted an online survey "to collect input from those who have interacted with RSSAC and/or have ideas for ways to improve it."<ref>[https://www.icann.org/news/announcement-2017-11-27-en ICANN Announcement of RSSAC Survey - November 27, 2017]</ref> In addition to publishing notice of the survey, ICANN specifically solicited responses from the [[RSSAC Caucus]].<ref name="finalreport2" /> The survey, which did not require participants to identify themselves, garnered 74 visits and 39 responses.<ref name="finalreport2" />
 
Other data utilized by Interisle came from:
* RSSAC's Self-Assessment, completed in September 2017;<ref>[https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/rssac-review2/2017-September/000014.html Email: Carlos Reyes to MSSI staff, September 8, 2017]</ref><ref>[http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/rssac-review2/attachments/20170908/af910e0d/RSSACOrganizationalReview2Self-Assessment.pdf RSSAC Organizational Review 2: Self-Assessment (PDF)]</ref>
* publicly available documents from a wide variety of sources that discuss the RSSAC and related activities; and
* Interisle's "own extensive knowledge of ICANN, the RSSAC, and the DNS root server system."<ref name="finalreport2" />  


Interisle subjected this data to a structured qualitative analysis<ref>[https://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/2092/3904 For a primer on structured qualitative analysis, see Herz, Peters, & Truschkat: "How to Do Qualitative Structural Analysis: The Qualitative Interpretation of Network Maps and Narrative Interviews;" Forum: Qualitative Social Research, Vol. 16 No. 1, January 2015]</ref> and presented its findings in an initial Assessment Report to ICANN.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/news/announcement-2018-02-27-en RSSAC2 Review: Assessment Report Published - ICANN announcement, February 27, 2018]</ref>
The RSSAC was also involved in the Y2K Project between 1999 to 2000. Its objective was to make sure that the operations of the root nameserver system are in compliance with the Y2K protocol by conducting administrative services and testing.<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/committees/dns-root/y2k-statement.htm RSSAC Statement on Root Nameserver Year 2000 Status]</ref>
===Response to Assessment Report===
Public comment was solicited on the Assessment Report.


On May 1, 2018, ICANN and Interisle issued a Draft Final Report for public comment.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/public-comments/rssac2-review-final-2018-05-01-en Draft Final Report for Public Comment]</ref>
The committee is also conducting new technical developments on [[IPv6]], [[DNSSEC]], [[IDN]], and their effects on the root nameserver system.


==RSSAC Working Group==
==Organizational Reviews==  
The RSSAC Working Group is composed of:
Article 4.4 of the ICANN Bylaws mandates that organizational reviews should be conducted on a periodic basis to establish that a particular [[Supporting Organizations|SO]] or [[Advisory Committee|AC]] is still needed and is operating as effectively as possible.<ref>
* [[Harald Alvestrand]]
[https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/governance/bylaws-en/#article4.4 ICANN Bylaws], Article 4.4</ref> Organizational reviews are conducted by an independent examiner retained by ICANN.<ref>[https://www.icann.org/resources/reviews/org ICANN.org - Organizational Reviews]</ref>
* [[Steve Crocker]]
* [[Bruce Tonkin]]


RSSAC has been reviewed twice, in [[First RSSAC Organizational Review|2008]] and [[Second RSSAC Organizational Review|2017]].
==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
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[[Category:Glossary]]
[[Category: ICANN Bodies]]
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