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''Contracted Parties''
''Contracted Parties''
* [[Registrar Stakeholder Group]], 3 appointments
* [[Registrars Stakeholder Group]], 3 appointments
* [[Registry Stakeholder Group]], 3 appointments
* [[Registries Stakeholder Group]], 3 appointments
[[File:GNSO Council.jpg|thumb|GNSO Council, as photographed at ICANN 60 in Abu Dhabi in November 2017.]]
[[File:Gnso-council-ICANN 69.png|thumb|GNSO Council at ICANN 69, meeting virtually due to COVID-19]]


==GNSO Council==  
==GNSO Council==  
[[File:GNSO-Council.png|655px|thumbnail|right|Organizational Structure of the GNSO Council(Image from ICANN.org)]] The GNSO Council consists of 21 members, 20 of whom are voting members, and the Council has two houses. [[SG|Stakeholder Groups]] appoint 18 of its members to be involved in [[ICANN]]'s multistakeholder model. [[Philippe Fouquart]] is the current Chair and will serve until October 2021. [[Pam Little]], [[Registrar Stakeholder Group]] Council representative, was re-elected as the [[Contracted Party House]] GNSO Council Vice-Chair. [[Tatiana Tropina]], [[Non-Commercial Stakeholder Group]] representative, was elected as the [[Non-Contracted Party House]] GNSO Council Vice-Chair.
[[File:GNSO-Council.png|655px|thumbnail|right|Organizational Structure of the GNSO Council(Image from ICANN.org)]] The GNSO Council consists of 21 members, 20 of whom are voting members, and the Council has two houses. [[SG|Stakeholder Groups]] appoint 18 of their members to be involved in [[ICANN]]'s multistakeholder model. [[Sebastien Ducos]] is the current Chair and will serve until [[AGM]] 2022. [[Greg DiBiase]] was elected as the [[Contracted Party House]] GNSO Council Vice-Chair. [[John McElwaine]] was elected as the [[Non-Contracted Party House]] GNSO Council Vice-Chair.


Members Include:  
Members Include:  


===[[Nominating Committee Appointees#NomCom Appointment to GNSO Council|NCAs]]===
===[[Nominating Committee Appointees#NomCom Appointment to GNSO Council|NCAs]]===
* [[Tom Dale]], Contracted Party House, Asia Pacific (AGM 2021)
* [[Desiree Miloshevic]], Contracted Party House, Europe (AGM 2025)
* [[Olga Cavalli]], non-voting member, Latin America Caribbean (AGM 2022)
* [[Anne Aikman Scalese]], non-voting, US, term ends AGM 2024
* [[Carlton Samuels]] Non-Contracted Party Hous, Latin America Caribbean (AGM 2021)
* [[Paul McGrady]], Non-contracted Party House, North America (AGM 2025)


===GNSO Council Liaisons & Observers===
===GNSO Council Liaisons & Observers===
* [[Maarten Simon]], ccNSO liaison, Europe
* [[Everton Rodrigues|Everton T. Rodrigues]], ccNSO liaison, Latin America and the Caribbean
* [[Jeffrey Neuman]], GNSO Liaison to the GAC, North America
* [[Jeff Neuman]], GNSO Liaison to the GAC, North America
* [[Cheryl Langdon-Orr]], ALAC Liaison, Asia Pacific
* [[Justine Chew]], ALAC Liaison, Asia Pacific


==='''[[Contracted Party House]]'''===  
==='''[[Contracted Party House]]'''===  
* [[Pam Little]], '''Vice-Chair''', Asia Pacific, term ends AGM 2021
* [[Greg DiBiase]] '''Chair''', US, term ends AGM 2024
* [[Nacho Amadoz]] '''Vice-Chair''', Europe, term ends AGM 2024


====[[Registry Stakeholder Group]]====
====[[Registries Stakeholder Group]]====
* [[Kurt Pritz]], North America, term expires AGM 2022
* [[Kurt Pritz]], North America, term expires AGM 2024
* [[Sebastien Ducos]], Asia Pacific, term expires AGM 2021
* [[Jennifer Chung]], Asia, term ends AGM 2025
* [[Maxim Alzoba]], Europe, term expires AGM 2022
* [[Nacho Amadoz]], Europe, term ends AGM 2024


====[[Registrar Stakeholder Group]]====  
====[[Registrars Stakeholder Group]]====  
* [[Pam Little]], Asia Pacific, term ends AGM 2021
* [[Antonia Chu]], Asia Pacific, term ends AGM 2025
* [[Greg DiBiase]], North America, term ends AGM 2021
* [[Greg DiBiase]], North America, term ends AGM 2025
* [[Kristian Ørmen]], Europe, term ends AGM 2022
* [[Theo Geurts]], Europe, term expires AGM 2024


==='''[[Non-Contracted Party House]]'''===  
==='''[[Non-Contracted Party House]]'''===  
* [[Philippe Fouquart]], '''Chair''', Europe, term ends AGM 2022
* [[Tomslin Samme-Nlar]], '''Vice-Chair''', Asia Pacific, term ends AGM 2024
* [[Tatiana Tropina]], '''Vice-Chair''', Europe, term ends AGM 2021


====[[Commercial Stakeholder Group]]====
====[[Commercial Stakeholder Group]]====
'''Commercial and Business Users - [[BC|Business Constituency]]'''
'''Commercial and Business Users - [[BC|Business Constituency]]'''
* [[Marie Pattullo]], Europe, term ends AGM 2021
* [[Lawrence Olawale-Roberts]], Africa, term ends AGM 2025
* [[Mark Datysgeld]], Latin America Caribbean, term ends AGM 2021
* [[Mark Datysgeld]], Latin America Caribbean, term ends AGM 2024


'''[[Intellectual Property]] Interests - [[IPC|Intellectual Property Constituency]]'''
'''[[Intellectual Property]] Interests - [[IPC|Intellectual Property Constituency]]'''
* [[John McElwaine]], North America, term ends AGM 2021
* [[Damon Ashcraft]], North America, term ends AGM 2025
* [[Flip Petillion]], Europe, term ends AGM 2022
* [[Susan Payne]], Europe, term ends AGM 2024


'''[[ISP]] Interests - [[ISPC|ISP Constituency]]'''
'''[[ISP]] Interests - [[ISPC|ISP Constituency]]'''
* [[Philippe Fouquart]], Europe, term ends AGM 2020
* [[Osvaldo Novoa]], Latin America Caribbean, term ends AGM 2024
* [[Osvaldo Novoa]], Latin America Caribbean, term ends AGM 2021
* [[Thomas Rickert]], Europe, term ends AGM 2025


====[[NCSG| Non-Commercial Stakeholder Group]]====  
====[[NCSG| Non-Commercial Stakeholder Group]]====  
* [[Wisdom Donkor]], Africa, term ends AGM 2022
* [[Wisdom Donkor]], Africa, term ends AGM 2024
* [[Stephanie Perrin]], North America, term ends AGM 2022
* [[Stephanie Perrin]], North America, term ends AGM 2024
* [[Tatiana Tropina]], Europe, term ends AGM 2021
* [[Manju Chen]], Asia Pacific, term ends AGM 2025
* [[Juan Manuel Rojas]], Latin America Caribbean, term ends AGM 2022
* [[Bruna Santos]], Latin America Caribbean, term ends AGM 2024
* [[Farell Folly]], Africa, term ends AGM 2021
* [[Taiwo Peter Akinremi]], Africa, term ends AGM 2025
* [[Tomslin Samme-Nlar]], Asia Pacific, term ends AGM 2022
* [[Tomslin Samme-Nlar]], Asia Pacific, term ends AGM 2025


==GNSO Development Process==  
==GNSO Policy Development Process==  
The GNSO is the primary engine within the [[ICANN]] community for developing, recommending changes, and making modifications to [[gTLD|generic top-level domain]] policies. The GNSO aims to identify ways to improve the inclusiveness and representativeness of its work while increasing its effectiveness and efficiency.
The GNSO is the primary engine within the [[ICANN]] community for developing, recommending changes, and making modifications to [[gTLD|generic top-level domain]] policies. The process is as follows:
# The GNSO Council, [[ICANN Board]], or an [[AC]] identifies an issue, and the GNSO Council considers whether the issue should result in a consensus policy.
# The GNSO Council requests a Preliminary Issue Report, which the Policy Development Support Team publishes for the [[Public Comment]] Period. The staff review and summarize the comments gathered and submit a Final Issue Report to the GNSO Council.
# The GNSO Council deliberates over the Final Issue Report and decides whether to initiate the PDP and adopt a charter for a PDP [[Working Group]] (WG).
#The WG develops an Initial Report for another Public Comment Period, reviews the comments, and submits a Final Report to the GNSO Council.
#The GNSO Council reviews the Final Report and decides whether to adopt it; if it does, then it sends the Final Report to the ICANN Board.
#The ICANN Board consults with the [[GAC]] and votes on the Final Report recommendations; if approved, the implementation process begins.<ref>[https://gnso.icann.org/en/basics/consensus-policy/pdp GNSO PDP]</ref> 


An important GNSO improvement was the development of recommendations for the new GNSO policy development process. The ICANN Board launched a set of recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the GNSO in June 2008. These recommendations were related to GNSO activities, operations, and structure.
===History===
The GNSO has sought to identify ways to improve the inclusiveness and representativeness of its work while increasing its effectiveness and efficiency, which has led to several updates to the process.


===GNSO Improvements===  
====GNSO Improvements, 2007-2012====
GNSO Standing Committee on Improvements Implementation (SCI). The SCI will be responsible for reviewing and assessing the effective functioning of recommendations provided by the Operational Steering Committee (OSC) and Policy Process Steering Committee (PPSC) and approved by the GNSO Council.
The [[First GNSO Organizational Review]], initated in 2007, resulted in a set of recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the GNSO. These recommendations were related to GNSO activities, operations, and structure.
The main areas of GNSO improvements which were approved by the Board, and are being implemented by the GNSO, are classified into five main categories:
# The creation of a Working Group Model
# Revising the [[PDP]] (Policy Development process)
# The restructuring of GNSO Council
# Communication improvement and better coordination between [[ICANN]] structures
# Improving constituency procedures <ref>[http://gnso.icann.org/en/improvements/ GNSO improvements]</ref>
===GNSO Policy Development process===


The Policy Development Process (PDP) Updates are one-page documents prepared by ICANN staff to inform the Governmental Advisory Committee (GAC) and other interested parties about potential opportunities to engage in and contribute to on-going GNSO PDP efforts. They are published on a regular basis and translations of these can be found on the GAC website. Please, also refer to our GNSO Policy Briefing for information on these and other GNSO activities.
The main areas of GNSO improvements approved by the ICANN Board fell into five categories:
# Creating a Working Group Model
# Revising the Policy Development Process ([[PDP]])
# Restructuring GNSO Council
# Improving communication and coordination among [[ICANN 101|ICANN Bodies]]
# Advancing constituency procedures <ref name="gnso08">[https://gnso.icann.org/en/group-activities/inactive/2012/improvements/overview-en.htm ICANN.org Archive - GNSO Improvements Overview], last updated January 9, 2013</ref>


==Implementation of URS==
The reform to the GNSO's PDP procedures were inter-related with the shift to a working group model for GNSO Council policy-making. The GNSO1 working group argued that a working group model "can be a more constructive way of establishing areas of agreement than task forces, where membership is limited and discussion can become polarized along constituency lines.<ref name="gnso08" /> Similarly, the PDP revision recommendations focused on improvements that provided scaffolding and structure for a working group to tackle policy considerations more effectively. The recommendations included more flexibility of the model, and stronger focus on preparation, including "public discussion, fact-finding, and expert research in order to define properly the scope, objective and schedule for a specific policy development goal..."<ref name="gnso08" /> There were also recommendations to generate and maintain metrics for measuring the success of policy implementation, and compliance to those policies.<ref name="gnso08" />
In September 2012, ICANN senior executive [[Kurt Pritz]] sent a public email to [[GNSO]] Council Chairman [[Stephane Van Gelder]] advising him that URS implementation could begin after a year of delay. Implementing URS included a pair of open meetings in Fall 2012, including one at [[ICANN 45]] in Toronto. ICANN acknowledged the role played by the GNSO Council in developing and approving the model and said they were willing to "work in whichever way the GNSO wishes to proceed".<ref>[http://internetcommerce.org/URS_Implementation URS Implementation Finally to Commence Under GNSO Direction]. Internet Commerce Association. Published 2012 September 20.</ref>


==ICANN Supporting Organizations and Advisory Committees==
The Working Group on Council Restructuring developed a compromise position to gain consensus among the many diverse interests within the GNSO. The proposed bicameral council structure would divide contracted parties (registries and registrars) and non-contracted parties into two houses, much as the U.S. Congress is divided into two houses.<ref>[https://gnso.icann.org/mailing-lists/archives/council/doc5J7pHLFhmI.doc Report to the Board from the WG-GCR], July 25, 2008 (Word)</ref>  
Apart from the GNSO, there are other [[SO|Supporting Organization]]<nowiki/>s and [[Advisory Committee|Advisory Committees]] which help [[ICANN]] to fulfill its objectives. They include:


* [[ASO|Address Supporting Organization]] (ASO)  
At [[ICANN 70]], [[Bertrand de la Chapelle]] participated in an ALAC session on "Reimagining ICANN’s Role; Responding to National Pressures."<ref>[https://70.schedule.icann.org/meetings/BkrH93jYyy6z56xEn ICANN 70 Archive: Reimagining ICANN's Role], March 23, 2021 (registration/login required)</ref> During a conversation about silos and their impact on the [[Multistakeholder Model|multistakeholder model]], de la Chapelle recalled the introduction of the two houses approach and offered this critique of the mindset of the working group participants:
* [[ccNSO|Country Code Domain Name Supporting Organization]] (ccNSO)
<blockquote>...I participated in one of the calls that led to the restructuring of the GNSO and the creation of the two houses. If I can give a very frank assessment from the outside, I immediately felt that the main objective of the different entities and the different soon-to-become houses was to make sure one thing: that the other halves could not impose anything on them, period. Nothing was about how can we make it better so that we can solve problems together? I’m caricaturing a little bit, but I can tell you this was the feeling that I had exactly at the moment the proposal was made on the call. And I feel that it has remained a little bit in this way.<ref>[https://cdn.filestackcontent.com/content=t:attachment,f:%22I70CUN-Tue23Mar2021__At-Large%20Policy%20Sess-ICANN%20MultiS%20Model-New%20Legiss%20and%20Regs%20Chall%20and%20Opps-en.pdf Transcript of "Reimagining ICANN's Role"], March 23, 2021 (registration/login required)</ref></blockquote>
* [[ALAC|At-Large Advisory Committee]] (ALAC)
 
* [[GAC|Governmental Advisory Committee]] (GAC)<ref>[http://www.icann.org/tr/english.html ICANN supporting organizations]</ref>
====PDP 3.0====
'''February 2020''' saw the culmination of a GNSO initiative called "PDP 3.0," when the GNSO released the "Final Report on the Implementation of GNSO Policy Development Process 3.0." [[PDP]] 3.0 refers to the GNSO Council initiative to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the process. During a GNSO Council’s Strategic Planning Session (SPS) in January 2018, a staff paper on GNSO PDP was shared, which led the GNSO Council to deliberate over the issues raised and identify challenges and improvements, especially concerning [[Working Group]]s. Then, the GNSO Council organize a session with PDP working group leadership and the broader community, which resulted in an updated version of the paper in May 2018. On October 24, 2018, the GNSO Council adopted 14 of the 17 recommendations listed in PDP 3.0.<ref>[https://gnso.icann.org/sites/default/files/file/field-file-attach/pdp-final-report-10feb20-en.pdf PDP 3.0 Final Report p.3]</ref>
 
The 14 Accepted Recommendations included:
# Terms of participation
# Consider alternatives to open working group model
# Criteria for joining of new members after a PDP working group is formed or re-chartered
# Consensus playbook
# Active role for and clear description of Council liaison to PDP working groups
# Document expectations for working group leaders that outline role & responsibilities as well as minimum skills/expertise required
# Provide further guidance for section 3.6 (Standard Methodology for Decision Making) and clarification of section 3.7 in the GNSO Working Group Guidelines
# Enforce deadlines and ensure bite-size pieces
# Notification to Council of changes in the work plan
# Review of working group leadership
# Make better use of existing flexibility in PDP to allow for data gathering, chartering, and termination when it is clear that no consensus can be achieved
# Independent conflict resolution 
# Criteria for PDP working group updates
# Resource reporting for PDP working groups
 
=====Implementation=====
A small team of GNSO Councilors led the implementation of PDP 3.0:
* [[Arsene Tungali]] (Non-Commerical Stakeholder Group)
* [[Darcy Southwell]] (Registrar Stakeholder Group)
* [[Elsa Saade]] (Non-Commercial Stakeholder Group)
* [[Flip Petillion]] (Intellectual Property Constituency)
* [[Marie Pattullo]] (Business Constituency)
* [[Maxim Alzoba]] (Registries Stakeholder Group)
* [[Pam Little]] (Registrar Stakeholder Group)
* [[Philippe Fouquart]] (Internet Service Providers & Connectivity Providers Constituency)
* [[Rafik Dammak]] (Non-Commercial Stakeholder Group)
 
This team recognized that the 14 incremental improvements aimed to tackle four overarching challenges:
# Working Group Dynamics
#: The WGs have too many members, and there is little balance between input and decisions
# Working Group Leadership
#: The expectations and reviews of WG leaders need to be clarified, and co-chairs need to coordinate
# Project Management
#: There is no project oversight nor adherence to a timeline
# Consensus Building
#: There is no guidance on how to reach a consensus
 
The implementation of PDP 3.0 has resulted in a series of work products that were first tested among GNSO [[EPDP]] WGs. They include:
# [[Statement of Participation]]
# Alternatives to the [[Working Group#WG Models and Guidelines|open WG model]]
# Active role for and clear description of Council liaison
# Expectations for WG leaders
# Enforce deadlines & ensure bite-size pieces
# Notification to Council of change in work plan
# Criteria for PDP WG updates
# [[Consensus Playbook]]
 
=====Overlap with MSM Evolution=====
PDP 3.0 was also found to overlap significantly with ICANN's overarching aim to update its execution of the [[Multistakeholder Model]] (MSM).
 
==Implementation of the Uniform Rapid Suspension System==
In September 2012, ICANN senior executive [[Kurt Pritz]] sent a public email to [[GNSO]] Council Chairman [[Stephane Van Gelder]] advising him that [[URS]] implementation could begin after a year of delay. Implementing URS included a pair of open meetings in Fall 2012, including one at [[ICANN 45]] in Toronto. ICANN acknowledged the role played by the GNSO Council in developing and approving the model and said they were willing to "work in whichever way the GNSO wishes to proceed".<ref>[http://internetcommerce.org/URS_Implementation URS Implementation Finally to Commence Under GNSO Direction]. Internet Commerce Association. Published 2012 September 20.</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


[[Category: Glossary]]
[[Category: ICANN Bodies]]
[[Category: ICANN Bodies]]
[[Category:Articles with Chinese]]
[[Category: Acronym]]
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