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'''.it''' is the [[ccTLD|country code top-level domain name]] (ccTLD) for Italy. Its operations are managed by [[Registro.it]] (NIC-it).<ref name="cctld">[http://www.nic.it Registro.it]</ref>. It is the fifth largest ccTLD registry in Europe.<ref name="About Us">[http://www.nic.it/about-us] About Us, Registro.it]Retrieved 23 Jan 2013</ref>
'''.it''' is the ccTLD for Italy. It is managed by Institute of Informatics and Telematics (IIT - CNR),<ref>[https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/it.html IANA: Delegation Record for .IT]</ref> which is part of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (National Research Council).<ref>[https://www.iit.cnr.it/en/about-us/ IIT-CNR: About Us]</ref>


IANA delegated the function of registry management to the CNR (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Italian National Research Council).<ref>[https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/it.html  IANA Root Database - .it]</ref> In 1997, this responsibility passed to the Institute for Applied Telematics (IAT-CNR) and, thereafter, to the Institute of Informatics and Telematics (IIT-CNR), founded in 2002 by the merger between IAT and the Institute of Computational Mathematics.<ref name="About Us" />
== Rules and Restrictions ==


==Usage==
The registration of a domain name in the ccTLD .it is permitted only to adults who have citizenship, residence or a registered office in the countries of the European Economic Area (EEA), the Vatican City State, the Republic of San Marino, the Swiss Confederation and in the United Kingdom.<ref name="faqs">[https://www.nic.it/en/find-your-it/faq Registro.it: FAQs]</ref>
The .it domain is an [[Open Use ccTLD]]. Registrants from countries in the European Economic Area, as well as San Marino, the Vatican, Switzerland, may register .it domains.<ref>[https://www.nic.it/en/find-your-it/faq NIC.it - FAQ]</ref> The potential for [[Domain hack|domain hacking]] the English article "it" has proven popular for large corporations with a presence in the EEA.<ref>An obvious and popular example is Google's use of [https://www.google.it/ Google.it]</ref>
 
=== Second-level Domains ===
 
* .edu.it: for Italian schools of all types and levels, public and scuola paritaria (officially accredited by the Italian state);
* .gov.it: the registration of a domain name in the SLD gov.it is allowed only to the Central State Public Administrations and to the National Social Security and Welfare Institutions.<ref name="faqs"></ref>
 
=== Characters ===
 
The minimum length for .it domain names is 3 characters (e.g.: cnr.it). The maximum length is 63 characters (e.g.: iit.cnr.it).
 
All the numbers (0-9), letters (a-z) (ASCII), the hyphen (-) an all the characters NON-ASCII which belong to the charset indicated in the “Technical Guideline”. A domain name cannot begin or end with a hyphen (-); and the first four characters cannot be the sequence "xn--", which is reserved for the Internationalized Domain Name (IDN) code of a domain name.<ref name="faqs"></ref>
 
==== IDNs====
 
Beginning in July 11, 2012, all .it domain names began allowing [[IDN|Internationalized Domain Names]] (IDN), allowing them to support Italian, French, and German accents and characters.<ref>[https://centr.org/news/news/idn-success-in-italy.html CENTR.org - IDN Success in Italy]</ref> In 2015, the list of acceptable characters grew to include the languages of all nations in the European Union.<ref>[https://www.nic.it/en/news/2018/idn-24-official-languages-eu Nic.it - IDN for the 24 Official Languages of the EU]</ref>
 
== Usage ==


The first .it domain was established in December 1987; the domain for the National Research Council.<ref>[https://www.cnr.it/en/institute/044/services/institute-for-informatics-and-telematics-iit CNR.it - Registry Services]</ref>
The first .it domain was established in December 1987; the domain for the National Research Council.<ref>[https://www.cnr.it/en/institute/044/services/institute-for-informatics-and-telematics-iit CNR.it - Registry Services]</ref>
The potential for [[Domain hack|domain hacking]] the English article "it" has proven popular for large corporations with a presence in the EEA.<ref>An obvious and popular example is Google's use of [https://www.google.it/ Google.it]</ref>


Adoption of .it names has not been consistent throughout Italy. Registro.it reported in 2011 that .it domain names were mainly registered in certain regions of Italy, while there was an extremely low registration rates in the southern region.<ref name="study">Registro.it's findings were presented as a case study example in ICANN's [https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/eurid-middle-east-dns-study-initial-13oct15-en.pdf MEAC DNS Study (PDF)]</ref>
Adoption of .it names has not been consistent throughout Italy. Registro.it reported in 2011 that .it domain names were mainly registered in certain regions of Italy, while there was an extremely low registration rates in the southern region.<ref name="study">Registro.it's findings were presented as a case study example in ICANN's [https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/eurid-middle-east-dns-study-initial-13oct15-en.pdf MEAC DNS Study (PDF)]</ref>
==Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs)==
Beginning in July 11th, 2012, all .it domain names began allowing [[IDN|Internationalized Domain Names]] (IDN), allowing them to support Italian, French, and German accents and characters.<ref>[https://centr.org/news/news/idn-success-in-italy.html CENTR.org - IDN Success in Italy]</ref> In 2015, the list of acceptable characters grew to include the languages of all nations in the European Union.<ref>[https://www.nic.it/en/news/2018/idn-24-official-languages-eu Nic.it - IDN for the 24 Official Languages of the EU]</ref>
Italy has not applied for an internationalized version of its TLD.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Open Use ccTLD]]
 
[[Category:ccTLD]]
[[Category:Italy]]
[[Category:Italy]]

Latest revision as of 23:44, 22 October 2024

Status: Active
country: Italy
Manager: Registro.it
Registrations: 2,500,991 (Jan 2013)[1]
Date Implemented: December, 1987
Type: ccTLD
More information:

.it is the ccTLD for Italy. It is managed by Institute of Informatics and Telematics (IIT - CNR),[2] which is part of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (National Research Council).[3]

Rules and Restrictions[edit | edit source]

The registration of a domain name in the ccTLD .it is permitted only to adults who have citizenship, residence or a registered office in the countries of the European Economic Area (EEA), the Vatican City State, the Republic of San Marino, the Swiss Confederation and in the United Kingdom.[4]

Second-level Domains[edit | edit source]

  • .edu.it: for Italian schools of all types and levels, public and scuola paritaria (officially accredited by the Italian state);
  • .gov.it: the registration of a domain name in the SLD gov.it is allowed only to the Central State Public Administrations and to the National Social Security and Welfare Institutions.[4]

Characters[edit | edit source]

The minimum length for .it domain names is 3 characters (e.g.: cnr.it). The maximum length is 63 characters (e.g.: iit.cnr.it).

All the numbers (0-9), letters (a-z) (ASCII), the hyphen (-) an all the characters NON-ASCII which belong to the charset indicated in the “Technical Guideline”. A domain name cannot begin or end with a hyphen (-); and the first four characters cannot be the sequence "xn--", which is reserved for the Internationalized Domain Name (IDN) code of a domain name.[4]

IDNs[edit | edit source]

Beginning in July 11, 2012, all .it domain names began allowing Internationalized Domain Names (IDN), allowing them to support Italian, French, and German accents and characters.[5] In 2015, the list of acceptable characters grew to include the languages of all nations in the European Union.[6]

Usage[edit | edit source]

The first .it domain was established in December 1987; the domain for the National Research Council.[7]

The potential for domain hacking the English article "it" has proven popular for large corporations with a presence in the EEA.[8]

Adoption of .it names has not been consistent throughout Italy. Registro.it reported in 2011 that .it domain names were mainly registered in certain regions of Italy, while there was an extremely low registration rates in the southern region.[9]

References[edit | edit source]

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