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==== Universities ====
==== Universities ====


*.edu.br: higher education institutions (needs proof of the specific activity through a document from the Ministry of Education (MEC) and some document that verifies that the name to be registered is not generic);.
*.edu.br: higher education institutions (needs proof of the specific activity through a document from the Ministry of Education (MEC) and some document that verifies that the name to be registered is not generic);.<ref name="sld"></ref> <ref name="doc">[https://registro.br/ajuda/registro-de-novos-dominios/categorias-envio-documentacao/ Registro.br: Registro de novos domínios]</ref>


==== Freelance Professionals ====
==== Freelance Professionals ====
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*.ggf.br: geographers;
*.ggf.br: geographers;
*.jor.br: journalists;
*.jor.br: journalists;
*.lel.br: auctioneers (.leilao.br is also for auctioneers, but with restrictions, needing an authorization from the Federação das Juntas Comerciais (English: Federation of Boards of Trade));
*.lel.br: auctioneers (.leilao.br is also for auctioneers, but with restrictions, needing an authorization from the Federação das Juntas Comerciais (English: Federation of Boards of Trade));<ref name="doc"></ref>
*.mat.br: mathematicians and statisticians;
*.mat.br: mathematicians and statisticians;
*.med.br: medical doctors;
*.med.br: medical doctors;
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*.mil.br: Brazilian Armed Forces (needs authorization from the Ministry of Defense);
*.mil.br: Brazilian Armed Forces (needs authorization from the Ministry of Defense);
*.org.br: not-for-profit non-governmental organizations (needs documentation proving the non-governmental, non-profit nature of the institution);
*.org.br: not-for-profit non-governmental organizations (needs documentation proving the non-governmental, non-profit nature of the institution);
*.psi.br: [[Internet Service Provider|Internet service providers]] (Proof that the company is an Internet service provider).<ref name="sld"></ref>
*.psi.br: [[Internet Service Provider|Internet service providers]] (Proof that the company is an Internet service provider).<ref name="sld"></ref> <ref name="doc"></ref>


===== DNSSEC required =====
===== DNSSEC required =====
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*.leg.br: Legislative institutions (needs proof of affiliation with the Legislative institutions);
*.leg.br: Legislative institutions (needs proof of affiliation with the Legislative institutions);
*.mp.br: Public Ministry institutions (needs authorization from the Conselho Nacional do Ministério Público (English: National Council of the Public Prosecutor's Office));
*.mp.br: Public Ministry institutions (needs authorization from the Conselho Nacional do Ministério Público (English: National Council of the Public Prosecutor's Office));
*.tc.br: Tribunal de Contas da União (English: Brazilian Federal Court of Accounts) (needs CG tc.br authorization).<ref name="sld"></ref>
*.tc.br: Tribunal de Contas da União (English: Brazilian Federal Court of Accounts) (needs CG tc.br authorization).<ref name="sld"></ref> <ref name="doc"></ref>


=== Characters ===
=== Characters ===
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*be a combination of letters and numbers [a-z; 0-9], hyphen [-], and the following accented characters: à, á, â, ã, é, ê, í, ó, ô, õ, ú, ü, ç;
*be a combination of letters and numbers [a-z; 0-9], hyphen [-], and the following accented characters: à, á, â, ã, é, ê, í, ó, ô, õ, ú, ü, ç;
*not consist solely of numbers and not begin or end with a hyphen.<ref name="rules"></ref>
*not consist solely of numbers and not begin or end with a hyphen.<ref name="rules"></ref>
You can use names with accents and "Ç" provided that the version of the name without accents and with a "C" instead of "Ç" is either registered by the same registrant or not registered at all. Registro.br also recommends always registering both the accented and non-accented versions, pointing to the same resources.<ref name="doc"></ref>


==.br & .бг Controversy ==
==.br & .бг Controversy ==

Latest revision as of 00:46, 23 August 2024

Status: Active
country: Brazil
Language: Portuguese
Manager: Brazilian Internet Steering Committee (CGI.br)
Registry Provider: Registro.br
Date Implemented: 1989
Type: ccTLD
Community: No
More information:

.br is the country code top-level domain name (ccTLD) assigned to Brazil under the ISO-3166 standard.[1] The Brazilian Internet Steering Committee (CGI.br) is the policy making body and over-all manager of Internet services in Brazil, including the operations of the .br ccTLD. Nic.br serves as the executive arm of the Committee. It is responsible for coordinating the allocation of Autonomous System Numbers (ASN), IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, as well as the registration and maintenance of .br domain names. Registro.br provides back-end registry solutions.[2][3]

Rules and Restrictions[edit | edit source]

The registration of .br domain names is allowed only for entities that legally operate in the country, freelance professionals, and individuals. A number of documents are required, including Taxpayer Identification Numbers. In the case of foreign companies, provisional registration may be granted upon providing the following requirements:

  • appointment of a legally established attorney in the country;
  • submission of a power of attorney with notarized signature in the company's country of origin, granting the attorney powers for the registration, cancellation, and transfer of domain ownership, for the modification of the entity's contact information, and to represent it both judicially and extrajudicially;
  • submission of a declaration of the company's commercial activity, with a notarized signature in the company's country of origin, which must mandatorily include the corporate name, full address, telephone number, corporate purpose, activities performed, and the name and position of the legal representative;
  • submission of a commitment declaration from the company, with a notarized signature in its country of origin, assuming that it will definitively establish its activities in Brazil within twelve months from the date NIC.br receives these documents;
  • the consular legalization of the power of attorney, the declaration of commercial activity, and the commitment declaration, to be carried out at the Brazilian Consulate in the company's country of origin;
  • the sworn translation of the power of attorney, the declaration of commercial activity, and the commitment declaration;
  • submission of a copy of the attorney's Taxpayer Identification Number for a Natural or Legal Person (CPF or CNPJ).
  • submission of an official letter from the attorney indicating the contact ID of the foreign entity.[4]

Domain Name Restrictions[edit | edit source]

One cannot choose a name that violates current Brazilian legislation, misleads third parties, infringes on the rights of third parties, represents predefined concepts on the Internet, contains offensive or abusive language, symbolizes acronyms of states or ministries, or falls under other prohibitions that may be defined by CGI.br.[4]

Second-level Domain[edit | edit source]

Below are listed all the .br second-level domains offered by Registro.br. Domains for individuals and freelance professionals can only be registered by a holder with a CPF. Domains for legal entities must be associated with a Taxpayer Identification Number for a Legal Person (CNPJ). Generic and city domains can be registered with either a Taxpayer Identification Number for a Natural or Legal Person (CPF or CNPJ). Some categories also have additional restrictions because they are directed at companies in specific sectors, requiring proof through document submission, or may require the use of DNSSEC.[5]

Generic[edit | edit source]

  • .app.br: apps;
  • .art.br: art, music, painting, folklore;
  • .com.br: commercial activities;
  • .dev.br: developers and development platforms;
  • .eco.br: eco or environment focused activities;
  • .emp.br: small and micro-enterprises;
  • .log.br: transport and logistics;
  • .net.br: commercial activities;
  • .ong.br: non-governmental organizations;
  • .seg.br: security;
  • .tec.br: technology.[5]

Cities[edit | edit source]

  • .9guacu.br: Nova Iguaçu (Rio de Janeiro);
  • .abc.br: ABC Paulista Region (São Paulo);
  • .aju.br: Aracaju (Sergipe);
  • .anani.br: Ananindeua (Pará);
  • .aparecida.br: Aparecida (São Paulo);
  • .barueri.br: Barueri (São Paulo);
  • .belem.br: Belém (Pará);
  • .bhz.br: Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais);
  • .boavista.br: Boa Vista (Roraima);
  • .bsb.br: Brasília (Distrito Federal);
  • .campinagrande.br: Campina Grande (Paraíba);
  • .campinas.br: Campinas (São Paulo);
  • .caxias.br: Caxias (Rio de Janeiro);
  • .contagem.br: Contagem (Minas Gerais);
  • .cuiaba.br: Cuiabá (Mato Grosso);
  • .curitiba.br: Curitiba (Paraná);
  • .feira.br: Feira de Santana (Bahia);
  • .floripa.br: Florianópolis (Santa Catarina);
  • .fortal.br: Fortaleza (Ceará);
  • .foz.br: Foz do Iguaçu (Paraná);
  • .goiania.br: Goiânia (Goiás);
  • .gru.br: Guarulhos (São Paulo);
  • .jab.br: Jaboatão dos Guararapes (Pernambuco);
  • .jampa.br: João Pessoa (Paraíba);
  • .jdf.br: Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais);
  • .joinville.br: Joinville (Santa Catarina);
  • .londrina.br: Londrina (Paraná);
  • .macapa.br: Macapá (Amapá);
  • .maceio.br: Maceió (Alagoas);
  • .manaus.br: Manaus (Amazonas);
  • .maringa.br: Maringá (Paraná);
  • .morena.br: Campo Grande (Mato Grosso do Sul);
  • .natal.br: Natal (Rio Grande do Norte);
  • .niteroi.br: Niterói (Rio de Janeiro);
  • .osasco.br: Osasco (São Paulo);
  • .palmas.br: Palmas (Tocantins);
  • .poa.br: Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul);
  • .pvh.br: Porto Velho (Rondônia);
  • .recife.br: Recife (Pernambuco);
  • .ribeirao.br: Ribeirão (São Paulo);
  • .rio.br: Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro);
  • .riobranco.br: Rio Branco (Acre);
  • .riopreto.br: São José do Rio Preto (São Paulo);
  • .salvador.br: Salvador (Bahia);
  • .sampa.br: São Paulo (São Paulo);
  • .santamaria.br: Santa Maria (Rio Grande do Sul);
  • .santoandre.br: Santo André (São Paulo);
  • .saobernardo.br: São Bernardo do Campo (São Paulo);
  • .saogon.br: São Gonçalo (Rio de Janeiro);
  • .sjc.br: São José dos Campos (São Paulo);
  • .slz.br: São Luís (Maranhão);
  • .sorocaba.br: Sorocaba (São Paulo);
  • .the.br: Teresina (Piauí);
  • .udi.br: Uberlândia (Minas Gerais);
  • .vix.br: Vitória (Espírito Santo).[5]

Natural Persons[edit | edit source]

  • .blog.br: web logs;
  • .flog.br: photo logs;
  • .nom.br: natural persons;
  • .vlog.br: video logs;
  • .wiki.br: wiki-like pages.[5]

Universities[edit | edit source]

  • .edu.br: higher education institutions (needs proof of the specific activity through a document from the Ministry of Education (MEC) and some document that verifies that the name to be registered is not generic);.[5] [6]

Freelance Professionals[edit | edit source]

This category is for natural persons only.

  • .adm.br: administrators;
  • .adv.br: lawyers;
  • .arq.br: architects;
  • .ato.br: actors;
  • .bib.br: librarians and library scientists;
  • .bio.br: biologists;
  • .bmd.br: biomedical professionals;
  • .cor.br: brokers;
  • .cen.br: set designers;
  • .cnt.br: accountants;
  • .coz.br: gastronomy professionals;
  • .des.br: designers and illustrators;
  • .det.br: detectives and private investigators;
  • .ecn.br: economists;
  • .enf.br: nurses;
  • .eng.br: engineers;
  • .eti.br: TI professionals;
  • .fnd.br: speech therapists;
  • .fot.br: photographers;
  • .fsp.br: physical therapists;
  • .geo.br: geologists;
  • .ggf.br: geographers;
  • .jor.br: journalists;
  • .lel.br: auctioneers (.leilao.br is also for auctioneers, but with restrictions, needing an authorization from the Federação das Juntas Comerciais (English: Federation of Boards of Trade));[6]
  • .mat.br: mathematicians and statisticians;
  • .med.br: medical doctors;
  • .mus.br: musicians;
  • .not.br: notaries;
  • .ntr.br: nutritionists;
  • .odo.br: dentists;
  • .ppg.br: publicists and marketeers;
  • .pro.br: teachers and professors;
  • .psc.br: psychologists;
  • .qsl.br: amateur radio operators;
  • .rep.br: commercial representatives;
  • .slg.br: sociologists;
  • .taxi.br: taxi drivers;
  • .teo.br: theologists;
  • .trd.br: translators;
  • .vet.br: veterinarians;
  • .zlg.br: zoologists.[5]

Legal Persons[edit | edit source]

Unrestricted[edit | edit source]
  • .agr.br: agriculture related companies, farms;
  • .esp.br: sports in general;
  • .etc.br: companies that do not fit into other categories;
  • .far.br: pharmacies and drugstores;
  • .imb.br: real estate agencies;
  • .ind.br: industries;
  • .inf.br: media and information (radios, newspapers, libraries, etc.);
  • .radio.br: companies wishing to transmit audio through the network;
  • .rec.br: recreational activities, games;
  • .srv.br: work for hire;
  • .tmp.br: temporary events, such as fairs and expos;
  • .tur.br: tourism-related companies;
  • .tv.br: Internet transmission of sounds and images.[5]
Restricted[edit | edit source]
  • .am.br: radio companies (needs proof from ANATEL, the Brazilian Telecommunications Agency, for AM sound broadcasting);
  • .coop.br: cooperatives (needs proof that the registrant is a cooperative);
  • .fm.br: radio companies (needs proof from ANATEL for FM sound broadcasting);
  • .g12.br: primary or secondary schools;
  • .gov.br: federal government institutions (needs proof that the institution belongs to the federal government);
  • .mil.br: Brazilian Armed Forces (needs authorization from the Ministry of Defense);
  • .org.br: not-for-profit non-governmental organizations (needs documentation proving the non-governmental, non-profit nature of the institution);
  • .psi.br: Internet service providers (Proof that the company is an Internet service provider).[5] [6]
DNSSEC required[edit | edit source]
  • .b.br: banks (needs authorization from the Central Bank);
  • .def.br: Public Defender's offices (needs authorization from the Colégio Nacional dos Defensores Públicos Gerais (English: National Association of Public Defenders General));
  • .jus.br: Judiciary institutions (needs authorization from the Conselho Nacional de Justiça (English: National Council of Justice));
  • .leg.br: Legislative institutions (needs proof of affiliation with the Legislative institutions);
  • .mp.br: Public Ministry institutions (needs authorization from the Conselho Nacional do Ministério Público (English: National Council of the Public Prosecutor's Office));
  • .tc.br: Tribunal de Contas da União (English: Brazilian Federal Court of Accounts) (needs CG tc.br authorization).[5] [6]

Characters[edit | edit source]

A domain name chosen for registration under a specific top-level domain, considering only its most specific distinctive part, must:

  • have a minimum of 2 (two) and a maximum of 26 (twenty-six) characters;
  • be a combination of letters and numbers [a-z; 0-9], hyphen [-], and the following accented characters: à, á, â, ã, é, ê, í, ó, ô, õ, ú, ü, ç;
  • not consist solely of numbers and not begin or end with a hyphen.[4]

You can use names with accents and "Ç" provided that the version of the name without accents and with a "C" instead of "Ç" is either registered by the same registrant or not registered at all. Registro.br also recommends always registering both the accented and non-accented versions, pointing to the same resources.[6]

.br & .бг Controversy[edit | edit source]

There has been ongoing debate over the multiple rejected applications by Bulgaria to ICANN to include its .бг in the IDN ccTLD Fast track process. ICANN staff has noted that .бг is confusingly similar to .br to latin users, and it has been countered that sites using full the full cyrillic alphabet, such as компания.бг, would rarely come into confusion with latin domains.[7] ICANN has rejected the application on at least two occasions, in 2009 and 2010,[8] and has also denied requests to provide further information on its reasoning and process in 2011.[9] In July, 2012, after ICANN had rejected other IDN ccTLDs, notably involving the Greek version of .eu (.ελ), the GAC wrote to ICANN that it must explain its prior reasoning and reconsider its ruling on these apparently confusing IDN ccTLDs. The GAC believes that the organization is being "too conservative" in its rulings.[10]

After .бг had been rejected for the second time in 2010, the Brazilian GAC member praised the decision, saying "Brazil would like to express its support to the recent board’s decision about avoiding graphic similitude between new country codes and current country codes in Latin. This is particularly important inasmuch as any graphic confusion might facilitate phishing practices and all the problems related to it."[11]

However, after the two unsuccessful applications, .бг was added to the Root Zone on 5 March 2016[12] and delegated to Imena.BG Plc. The ICANN Board approved the delegation on 25 June 2019.[13]

References[edit | edit source]

Governmental Advisory Committee. Considers and provides advice on the activities of ICANN as they relate to concerns of governments, particularly matters where there may be an interaction between ICANN's policies and various laws and international agreements or where they may affect public policy issues (ICANN Bylaws).

Retrieved from "https://icannwiki.org/index.php?title=.br&oldid=1352740"