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Canadian Internet Registration Authority: Difference between revisions

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{{CompanyInfo|
{{CompanyInfo|
| logo              = logo_cira.jpg
| logo              = Cira-acei-logo-en-1.png
| type              = Non-Profit
| type              = Non-Profit
| industry          = Registry
| industry          = Registry
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[[Jacques Latour]], Chief Technology Officer<br>
[[Jacques Latour]], Chief Technology Officer<br>
[[Dave Chiswell]], VP Product Development<br>
[[Dave Chiswell]], VP Product Development<br>
[[J. Paul Havey]], VP Corporate Services and Corporate Secretary  <br>
[[David Fowler]], VP Marketing & Communications <br>
[[David Fowler]], VP Marketing & Communications <br>
[[Steve Barry]], VP Information Technology<br>
[[Albert Chang]], Corporate Counsel
[[Albert Chang]], Corporate Counsel
}}
}}


'''The Canadian Internet Registration Authority''' ('''CIRA''') is the organization that manages the [[.ca]] [[ccTLD]].<ref>[http://icannwiki.org/CIRA icannwiki.org]</ref> This non-profit organization was created in 1998 and became the official .ca [[registry]] on December 1, 2000.<ref>[http://sbinfocanada.about.com/od/onlinebusiness/g/CIRA.htm about.com]</ref>  
'''The Canadian Internet Registration Authority''' ('''CIRA''') is the organization that manages the [[.ca]] [[ccTLD]].<ref>[http://icannwiki.org/CIRA icannwiki.org]</ref> In 1997, at the Canadian Internet Community's annual conference, discussions led to the formation of CIRA.<ref>Scassa, Teresa & Deturbide, Michael, ''Electronic Commerce and Internet Law in Canada'', Canada: CCH Canada Ltd, 2004</ref>This non-profit organization was created in 1998 and became the official .ca [[registry]] on December 1, 2000.<ref>[http://sbinfocanada.about.com/od/onlinebusiness/g/CIRA.htm about.com]</ref>  


A 15 member Board of Directors, consisting of both elected and appointed members, oversees CIRA's operations. Board members are elected annually by CIRA Members through an online process. Membership in CIRA is free, and open to anyone who holds a .ca domain.  
A 15 member Board of Directors, consisting of both elected and appointed members, oversees CIRA's operations. Board members are elected annually by CIRA Members through an online process. Membership in CIRA is free, and open to anyone who holds a .ca domain.  


==Evolution of .ca domain==  
== French IDNs ==
.ca is the [[ccTLD]] for Canada. Registrants of .ca domains must meet Canadian Presence Requirements as defined by the registry.


[[IANA]] operator [[Jon Postel]] allocated the [[ccTLD]] originally to [[John Demco]] of the University of British Columbia (UBC) in 1988.<ref name="eurodns">[http://www.eurodns.com/top-level-domain/Canada/Ca EuroDNS]</ref> At the time, the internet was used mostly for research.<ref name="eurodns"></ref> The administration of the .ca domain was carried out by [[John Demco]] with the assistance of a .ca committee of volunteers. The names from the .ca domain were assigned without charge to the applicants.
In January 2013, CIRA began offering registration in French, fully catering to both the nation's official languages. CIRA noted that implementing French-language characters is a more challenging and complex process than it may  appear to be. For example, the domain "préside.ca" could have 62 different spelling variations depending on the choice of characters used. Therefore, it was important for CIRA to develop a number of policies to simplify the procedure. Consequently, CIRA created a bundling policy that removes the necessity to register every special-character variant of an existing .CA domain.<ref>[http://www.digitalhome.ca/2013/01/cira-launches-french-language-domain-names/ CIRA Launches French Language Domain Names, DigitalHome.ca]Published 14 Jan 2013, Retrieved 15 Jan 2013</ref>


The first .ca domain name was upei.ca, registered in 1988 by the University of Prince Edward Island.<ref>[http://opensrs.com/blog/2009/10/the-registries-ca/ OpenSRS]</ref>
== Registry Services ==


In 1997, at the Canadian Internet Community's annual conference, discussions of reform led to the formation of CIRA.<ref>Scassa, Teresa & Deturbide, Michael, ''Electronic Commerce and Internet Law in Canada'', Canada: CCH Canada Ltd, 2004</ref>
CIRA’s Fury Registry Platform is a  TLD management platform with the features and functionality designed for the modern TLD business. Fury features a modern interface with roles-based access that provides flexibility in pricing, promotion, and domain management to help operators run their business and grow their registry. Released in 2016, Fury is the current platform of choice for .CA, .KIWI, .MLS and .SX.
 
===French IDNs===
In January 2013, CIRA began offering registration in French, fully catering to both the nation's official languages. CIRA noted that implementing French-language characters is a more challenging and complex process than it may  appear to be. For example, the domain "préside.ca" could have 62 different spelling variations depending on the choice of characters used. Therefore, it was important for CIRA to develop a number of policies to simplify the procedure. Consequently, CIRA created a bundling policy that removes the necessity to register every special-character variant of an existing .CA domain.<ref>[http://www.digitalhome.ca/2013/01/cira-launches-french-language-domain-names/ CIRA Launches French Language Domain Names, DigitalHome.ca]Published 14 Jan 2013, Retrieved 15 Jan 2013</ref>


==History of CIRA==
==History of CIRA==
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* '''2010''': CIRA releases a new version of its domain name registration system and stops accepting new registrations for [[third-level domains]],<ref>[http://www.cira.ca/ca-faq-10-12 CIRA.ca ]</ref> but promises to continue supporting existing third-level domain names. It also achieves achieves 1.5 million .ca domains registered.<ref name="centr">[https://centr.org/member/cira CIRA], CENTR.org. Updated 2015 July 29.</ref>
* '''2010''': CIRA releases a new version of its domain name registration system and stops accepting new registrations for [[third-level domains]],<ref>[http://www.cira.ca/ca-faq-10-12 CIRA.ca ]</ref> but promises to continue supporting existing third-level domain names. It also achieves achieves 1.5 million .ca domains registered.<ref name="centr">[https://centr.org/member/cira CIRA], CENTR.org. Updated 2015 July 29.</ref>
* '''2010''': Late in the year, CIRA begins a national consultation on the future of the Internet, called the Canadian Internet Forum; it is the first time CIRA engages in dialogue with Canadians about issues of Internet governance and policy.<ref name="centr"></ref>
* '''2010''': Late in the year, CIRA begins a national consultation on the future of the Internet, called the Canadian Internet Forum; it is the first time CIRA engages in dialogue with Canadians about issues of Internet governance and policy.<ref name="centr"></ref>
* '''2012''': CIRA celebrates anniversary and launches Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs).
* '''2014''': CIRA announces the Community Investment Program (CIP).
* '''2015 May''': CIRA launches the [https://cira.ca/cira-internet-performance-test-0 Internet Performance Test (IPT)].
* '''2015 October''': CIRA introduces [https://cira.ca/enterprise-products/d-zone-anycast-dns D-Zone Anycast DNS services (D-Zone)].
* '''2016 June''': CIRA announces it will deliver IIS (.SE) a complete white-labelled Anycast solution based on it's [https://cira.ca/enterprise-products/d-zone-anycast-dns D-Zone] service.
* '''2016 July''': CIRA announces it is now offering Backend [https://cira.ca/enterprise-products/registry-services Registry Services] to gTLDs and ccTLDs around the world.
* '''2016 September''': The .ca registry hits 2.5 million registered domain names.
* '''2016 October''': The first gTLD customer .KIWI goes live on the [https://cira.ca/enterprise-products/registry-services/operate-your-gtld-fury-registry-platform FURY Registry Platform].
* '''2017 November''': The first ccTLD customer .SX goes live on the [https://cira.ca/enterprise-products/registry-services/operate-your-gtld-fury-registry-platform FURY Registry Platform].
* '''2019 February''': The second and largest ccTLD customer .CA goes live on the [https://cira.ca/enterprise-products/registry-services/operate-your-gtld-fury-registry-platform FURY Registry Platform].
* '''2019 March''': The second gTLD customer .MLS goes live on the [https://cira.ca/enterprise-products/registry-services/operate-your-gtld-fury-registry-platform FURY Registry Platform].
* '''2020 November''': The third ccTLD customer .IE goes live on the [https://cira.ca/enterprise-products/registry-services/operate-your-gtld-fury-registry-platform FURY Registry Platform].
* '''2023 October''': CIRA and [[Stichting Internet Domeinregistratie Nederland]] (SIDN), registries of the Canadian [[.ca]] domain and the Dutch [[.nl]] domain respectively, announced the formation of a new partnership to collaboratively develop, promote and support the current CIRA Registry Platform. The code base and intellectual property of the product, internally known at CIRA as Fury, will be transferred to a jointly owned and managed corporation based in Canada.<ref>[https://www.cira.ca/en/resources/news/about/cira-and-sidn-agree-on-partnership/ CIRA and SIDN agree on partnership to build new registry platform]</ref>


==Structure==
==Cybersecurity Services==
 
'''CIRA Canadian Shield''' is a public DNS resolver, which means it connects its users to the websites they're trying to visit and double-checks to see if they're [[Malicious Domain]]s; if they are, the service stops the user from visiting them. The service protects users from [[malware]] and [[phishing]] with the same [[RBL|threat feed data]] as the CIRA DNS Firewall, using AI from [[Akamai]] to analyze billions of daily DNS queries globally.<ref>[https://www.cira.ca/cybersecurity-services/canadian-shield Canadian Shield, CIRA]</ref>
In order to fulfill its mission and vision, CIRA Board Committees are divided into four sub-committees, where each committee focuses on a specific strategic area of the organization itself. The four sub-committees are listed below:
 
* Executive Committee;
* Governance Committee;
* Audit Committee;
* Technical Oversight Committee.<ref>[http://www.cira.ca/cira-board-officers-appointed/ CIRA Board Committees]</ref>


==References==
==References==
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== External links==
== External links==
* [http://www.cira.ca CIRA]
* [http://www.cira.ca CIRA]
* [https://cira.ca/cira-internet-performance-test-0 Internet Performance Test]
* [http://www.ubc.ca/ University of British Columbia]
* [http://www.ubc.ca/ University of British Columbia]


[[Category: Organizations]]
[[Category:ccTLD Registry]]
[[Category: Registries]]
[[Category:ccNSO Member]]
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