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'''.al''' is the ccTLD for [[Albania]]. It is managed by the Electronic and Postal Communications Authority of Albania ([[AKEP]]).
'''.al''' is the ccTLD for [[Albania]]. It is managed by the Electronic and Postal Communications Authority of Albania ([[AKEP]])<ref>[https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/al.html IANA: Delegation Record for .AL]</ref> (in Albanian, Autoriteti i Komunikimeve Elektronike dhe Postare).<ref>[https://akep.al/ AKEP Home Page]</ref>
 
The ccTLD is an open ccTLD, where foreign companies and individuals can register .al domains, although registration for .com.al, .net.al, and .org.al names are still restricted to Albanian companies.<ref name="centr">[https://centr.org/member/akep AKEP] centr.org. Retrieved 2015 July 29.</ref>


== History ==
== History ==


The .al [[ccTLD]] was first created on April 21st, 1992, under an initiative of the University of Tirana's Faculty of Natural Sciences, located within its Department of Informatics. It officially became a registry in 1998, when it became a "sponsoring organization" and began defining the rules and procedures under which domain names would be delegated to users.
The establishment of the ccTLD .al began on April 21, 1992, initiated by the University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Informatics. The technical setup was carried out by CNUCE in Pisa, Italy, under the direction of Francesco Gennai. The registry's formal profile was defined in 1998 when the Albanian Telecommunication Regulatory Entity (TRE) became the "Sponsoring Organization", establishing the rules and procedures for delegating domain names to users. After, a new DNS system for the .al ccTLD was implementated of a new DNS,  a the “master server” from Pisa, Italy, was reloated to AKEP in Albania. This transfer, supported by Gennai, strengthened Albania's capacity to manage the domain locally. The final stage of this process involved implementing software for the administration and management of domain names.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20131125032305/http://www.centr.org/member/akep Centr: AKEP]</ref>


Its original master servers were hosted in Pisa, Italy, but were later transferred to Albania.
== Rules ==


In 2010, regulatory policies for the registration of .al changed, so that all companies and individuals with Albanian citizenship and nationality were able to register a .al [[ccTLD]].
To register a domain under the .al zone, one must make sure the domain you want to register is not:


In 2013, the restrictions were lifted so that foreign companies and individuals can now register .al domains. It was also the same year that .al saw its first accredited registrars.<ref name="centr"></ref>
* part of the [https://akep.al/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Lista_me_emrat_e_ndaluar_te_domaineve_.al_dhe_nendomaineve.pdf List of Prohibited Names],<ref name="applic">[https://akep.al/en/domain-e-application/ APEK: Domain Application] apek.al. Retrieved 2024, August 9.</ref> which contains words and/or phrases that are considered sensitive for public use, which includes blasphemy, insults of various types, racism, etc;<ref>[https://akep.al/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Lista_me_emrat_e_ndaluar_te_domaineve_.al_dhe_nendomaineve.pdf .al List of Prohibited Names] APEK.al. Retrieved 2024, August 9.</ref>
** part of the [https://akep.al/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Lista_me_emrat_e_rezervuar_te_domaineve_.al_dhe_nendomaineve.pdf List of Reserved Names];
* a trademark/patent registered by this directory: http://dppi.gov.al /.<ref name="applic"></ref>


== Rules ==
=== Second-level Domains ===


To register a domain under the ".al" zone, one must:
The following second-level domains are available for registration: ".com.al", ".net.al", ".org.al", ".gov.al", ".mil.al" and ".edu.al".<ref>[https://akep.al/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/FORMULAR_APLIKIMI_Model_1_regjistrim_.pdf AKEP: FORMULAR APLIKIMI PER REGJISTRIM]</ref>
 
* make sure the domain you want to register is not:
 
** part of the [https://akep.al/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Lista_me_emrat_e_ndaluar_te_domaineve_.al_dhe_nendomaineve.pdf List of Prohibited Names],<ref name="applic">[https://akep.al/en/domain-e-application/ APEK: Domain Application] apek.al. Retrieved 2024, August 9.</ref> which contains words and/or phrases that are considered sensitive for public use, which includes blasphemy, insults of various types, racism, etc;<ref>[https://akep.al/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Lista_me_emrat_e_ndaluar_te_domaineve_.al_dhe_nendomaineve.pdf .al List of Prohibited Names] APEK.al. Retrieved 2024, August 9.</ref>
** part of the [https://akep.al/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Lista_me_emrat_e_rezervuar_te_domaineve_.al_dhe_nendomaineve.pdf List of Reserved Names];
** a trademark/patent registered by this directory: http://dppi.gov.al /.<ref name="applic"></ref>


=== Characters ===  
=== Characters ===  
Line 27: Line 21:
Domain names include letters from A to Z, numbers from 0 to 9 and the minus sign "-".  
Domain names include letters from A to Z, numbers from 0 to 9 and the minus sign "-".  


The domain names cannot be registered when:
The domain names cannot be registered when they:


* Names consist of one character;
* consist of one character;
* Names start or end with minus "-";
* start or end with minus "-";
* Names consist of more than 63 characters;
* consist of more than 63 characters;
* Names begin with any two alphanumeric characters followed by two minuses ("xy–" format).<ref name="applic"></ref>
* begin with any two alphanumeric characters followed by two minuses ("xy–" format).<ref name="applic"></ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 19:46, 4 December 2024

.al is the ccTLD for Albania. It is managed by the Electronic and Postal Communications Authority of Albania (AKEP)[1] (in Albanian, Autoriteti i Komunikimeve Elektronike dhe Postare).[2]

History[edit | edit source]

The establishment of the ccTLD .al began on April 21, 1992, initiated by the University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Informatics. The technical setup was carried out by CNUCE in Pisa, Italy, under the direction of Francesco Gennai. The registry's formal profile was defined in 1998 when the Albanian Telecommunication Regulatory Entity (TRE) became the "Sponsoring Organization", establishing the rules and procedures for delegating domain names to users. After, a new DNS system for the .al ccTLD was implementated of a new DNS, a the “master server” from Pisa, Italy, was reloated to AKEP in Albania. This transfer, supported by Gennai, strengthened Albania's capacity to manage the domain locally. The final stage of this process involved implementing software for the administration and management of domain names.[3]

Rules[edit | edit source]

To register a domain under the .al zone, one must make sure the domain you want to register is not:

Second-level Domains[edit | edit source]

The following second-level domains are available for registration: ".com.al", ".net.al", ".org.al", ".gov.al", ".mil.al" and ".edu.al".[6]

Characters[edit | edit source]

Domain names include letters from A to Z, numbers from 0 to 9 and the minus sign "-".

The domain names cannot be registered when they:

  • consist of one character;
  • start or end with minus "-";
  • consist of more than 63 characters;
  • begin with any two alphanumeric characters followed by two minuses ("xy–" format).[4]

References[edit | edit source]

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