Changes

<ref>[http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_FII_Internet_Fragmentation_An_Overview_2016.pdf Internet Fragmentation. Retrieved 22 Apr 2016.]</ref>

<ref>[http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_FII_Internet_Fragmentation_An_Overview_2016.pdf Internet Fragmentation. Retrieved 22 Apr 2016.]</ref>

==Iran - "Halal Internet"==

==Iran's "Halal Internet"==

Significant attempts to build a national intranet have occurred alongside the development of safety and security measures, as well as an attempt to use up-to-date protocols since 2006. The development project, named [[National Internet Project]] was first considered under the presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and is set to be completed in 2019. This type of internet, nicknamed "halal internet" will function under Islamic principles, differentiating content based on its "cleanliness". This fundamental approach was most clearly described by Reza Taghipour, minister of information and communications technology (2009-2012) when he stated that "isolation of the clean internet from the unclean portion will make it impossible to use the internet for unethical and dirty businesses”.

Significant attempts to build a national intranet have occurred alongside the development of safety and security measures, as well as an attempt to use up-to-date protocols since 2006. The development project, named [[National Internet Project]] was first considered under the presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and is set to be completed in 2019. This type of internet, nicknamed "halal internet" will function under Islamic principles, differentiating content based on its "cleanliness". This fundamental approach was most clearly described by Reza Taghipour, minister of information and communications technology (2009-2012) when he stated that "isolation of the clean internet from the unclean portion will make it impossible to use the internet for unethical and dirty businesses”.

According to Iranian Deputy Minister for Economic Affairs Ali Agha Mohammadi, the project was inspired originally inspired by China's "Great Firewall".<ref name="fastcompany">[http://www.fastcompany.com/1748123/iran-cracking-down-online-halal-internet Iran Cracking Down Online With "Halal Internet"], FastCompany.com. Published 2011 April 18. Retrieved 2016 April 28.</ref> In effect, however, while the Halal Internet was originally conceived as a national standalone intranet, similar to pre-Internet AOL and Compuserve, it presently uses blocking and packet loss to discourage access to other websites, leading some to call nickname it the "Filternet".<ref name="fastcompany2">[http://www.fastcompany.com/3009714/irans-halal-internet-is-really-a-filternet Iran's "Halal Internet" Is Really A "Filternet"], FastCompany.com. Published 2013 May 14. Retrieved 2016 April 28.</ref><ref name="twitter">[https://twitter.com/search?q=%23Filternet #Filternet], Twitter.com. Retrievd 2016 April 28.</ref>

According to Iranian Deputy Minister for Economic Affairs Ali Agha Mohammadi, the project was inspired originally inspired by China's "Great Firewall".<ref name="fastcompany">[http://www.fastcompany.com/1748123/iran-cracking-down-online-halal-internet Iran Cracking Down Online With "Halal Internet"], FastCompany.com. Published 2011 April 18. Retrieved 2016 April 28.</ref> In effect, however, while the Halal Internet was originally conceived as a national standalone intranet, similar to pre-Internet AOL and Compuserve, it presently uses blocking and packet loss to discourage access to other websites, leading some to call nickname it the "Filternet".<ref name="fastcompany2">[http://www.fastcompany.com/3009714/irans-halal-internet-is-really-a-filternet Iran's "Halal Internet" Is Really A "Filternet"], FastCompany.com. Published 2013 May 14. Retrieved 2016 April 28.</ref><ref name="twitter">[https://twitter.com/search?q=%23Filternet #Filternet], Twitter.com. Retrieved 2016 April 28.</ref>

Accessing international websites and online services, such as Gmail and Skype, has become more difficult through this new internet -- and while national sites can still be accessed, slow internet speeds often keep local bank and business websites from resolving properly.<ref name="cnn">[http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/03/world/meast/iran-internet-restrictions-halal-internet/index.html Iran tightens grip on cyberspace with 'halal internet'], CNN.com. Published 2013 June 3. Retrieved 2016 April 28.</ref>

Accessing international websites and online services, such as Gmail and Skype, has become more difficult through this new internet -- and while national sites can still be accessed, slow internet speeds often keep local bank and business websites from resolving properly.<ref name="cnn">[http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/03/world/meast/iran-internet-restrictions-halal-internet/index.html Iran tightens grip on cyberspace with 'halal internet'], CNN.com. Published 2013 June 3. Retrieved 2016 April 28.</ref>

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====U.S. Government====

====Foreign Governments====

Following the announcement of the national intranet in Iran, the U.S. Department of State said in a press release that it will allow the export to Iran of "certain services, software and hardware incident to personal communication in Iran... As the Iranian government attempts to silence its people by cutting off their communication with each other and the rest of the world, the United States will continue to take action to help the Iranian people exercise their universal human rights, including the right to freedom of expression."<ref name="cnn"></ref>

Following the announcement of the national intranet in Iran, the U.S. Department of State said in a press release that it will allow the export to Iran of "certain services, software and hardware incident to personal communication in Iran... As the Iranian government attempts to silence its people by cutting off their communication with each other and the rest of the world, the United States will continue to take action to help the Iranian people exercise their universal human rights, including the right to freedom of expression."<ref name="cnn"></ref>

==Cuba==

==Cuba==

==Golden Shield Protect - China's Great Firewall==

==China's "Great Firewall" ==

==References==

==References==