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'''The Comitê Gestor da Internet no Brasil''' ('''CGI.br''') or the '''Brazilian Internet Steering Committee''' is a multi-stakeholder organization responsible for promoting the technological development of Internet services and to disseminate information regarding the latest innovations and available services in Brazil. It is responsible for the management and operation of Brazil's country code top-level domain name ([[ccTLD]]), [[.br]]. [[Nic.br]] serves as the executive arm of the Committee. It is responsible for coordinating the allocation of [[ASN|Autonomous System Numbers]] (ASN), [[IPv4]] and [[IPv6]] addresses, as well as the registration and maintenance of .br domain names. [[Registro.br]] provides back-end registry solutions.<ref>[http://www.cgi.br/english/about/definition.ht About CGI.br]</ref> <ref>[http://nic.br/english/about/nicbr.htm About Nic.br]</ref>
'''The Comitê Gestor da Internet no Brasil''' ('''CGI.br''') or the '''Brazilian Internet Steering Committee''' is a multi-stakeholder organization responsible for promoting the technological development of Internet services and to disseminate information regarding the latest innovations and available services in Brazil. It is responsible for the management and operation of Brazil's country code top-level domain name ([[ccTLD]]), [[.br]]. [[Nic.br]] serves as the executive arm of the Committee. It is responsible for coordinating the allocation of [[ASN|Autonomous System Numbers]] (ASN), [[IPv4]] and [[IPv6]] addresses, as well as the registration and maintenance of .br domain names. [[Registro.br]] provides back-end registry solutions.<ref>[http://www.cgi.br/english/about/definition.ht About CGI.br]</ref> <ref>[http://nic.br/english/about/nicbr.htm About Nic.br]</ref>
==Background==
==Background==
==Services and Activities==
==Services and Activities==
In 2005, CGI.br created Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR ([[NIC.br]]), or the Brazilian Network Information Center, a non-profit organization under the committee to help in the implementation of specific areas of services such as: <ref>[http://www.itu.int/itunews/manager/display.asp?lang=en&year=2009&issue=03&ipage=18&ext=html Services]</ref>
In 2005, CGI.br created Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR ([[NIC.br]]), or the Brazilian Network Information Center, a non-profit organization under the committee to help in the implementation of specific areas of services such as: <ref>[http://www.itu.int/itunews/manager/display.asp?lang=en&year=2009&issue=03&ipage=18&ext=html Services]</ref>
# '''CETIC.br'''- Centro de Estudos sobre as Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação, or the Center of Studies on Information and Communication Technologies, is responsible for observing indicators and statistics about the availability and usage of the Internet. It collects data significant for monitoring the social and economic impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) in Brazil, especially in comparison with other countries.
# '''CETIC.br'''- Centro de Estudos sobre as Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação, or the Center of Studies on Information and Communication Technologies, is responsible for observing indicators and statistics about the availability and usage of the Internet. It collects data significant for monitoring the social and economic impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) in Brazil, especially in comparison with other countries.
# '''W3C'''- NIC.br set up the first [[W3C]] (World Wide Web Consortium) office in South America. W3C's objective is to achieve the full potential of the internet by establishing standards and guidelines to ensure its continued development.
# '''W3C'''- NIC.br set up the first [[W3C]] (World Wide Web Consortium) office in South America. W3C's objective is to achieve the full potential of the internet by establishing standards and guidelines to ensure its continued development.
==.br ccTLD==
'''.br''' is the country code top-level domain name ([[ccTLD]]) assigned to Brazil under the [[ISO-3166]] standard.
===.br & .бг Controversy===
There has been ongoing debate over the multiple rejected applications by Bulgaria to ICANN to include its [[.бг]] in the [[IDN]] [[ccTLD]] Fast track process. ICANN staff has noted that .бг is confusingly similar to .br to latin users, and it has been countered that sites using full the full cyrillic alphabet, such as компания.бг, would rarely come into confusion with latin domains.<ref>[http://www.circleid.com/posts/string_similarity_case_of_the_bulgarian_cyrillic_idn_vs_brazil_cctld/ String Similarity Case of the Bulgarian Cyrillic IDN vs Brazil ccTLD, CircleID.com]</ref> ICANN has rejected the application on at least two occasions, in 2009 and 2010,<ref>[http://domainincite.com/1343-bulgaria-to-file-icann-reconsideration-appeal-over-rejected-idn-cctld Bulgaria to File ICANN Reconsideration Appeal Over Rejected IDN ccTLD, DomainIncite.com]</ref> and has also denied requests to provide further information on its reasoning and process in 2011.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/3076-icann-rejects-bulgarian-idn-info-request ICANN Rejects Bulgarian [[IDN]] Info Request, DomainIncite.com]</ref> In July, 2012, after ICANN had rejected other IDN ccTLDs, notably involving the Greek version of [[.eu]] ([[.ελ]]), the [[GAC]] wrote to [[ICANN]] that it must explain its prior reasoning and reconsider its ruling on these apparently confusing IDN ccTLDs. The GAC believes that the organization is being "too conservative" in its rulings.<ref>[http://www.premodomains.com/gac-demands-appeal-of-idn-cctld-bans/ GAC Demands Appeal of IDN ccTLD Bans, PremoDomains.com]</ref>
After [[.бг]] had been rejected for the second time in 2010, the Brazilian [[GAC]] member had praised the decision, saying "Brazil would like to express its support to the recent board’s decision about avoiding graphic similitude between new country codes and current country codes in Latin. This is particularly important inasmuch as any graphic confusion might facilitate phishing practices and all the problems related to it."<ref>[http://domainincite.com/3076-icann-rejects-bulgarian-idn-info-request ICANN Rejects Bulgarian IDN Info Request, DomainIncite.com]</ref>
==CGI.br and ICANN==
==CGI.br and ICANN==
===New gTLDs===
===New gTLDs===
NIC.br has applied for the new gTLDs, [[.bom]] and [[.final]]. "Bom" translates as "good" while "final" is equivalent to the same word in English, as in "end".<ref>[http://gtldresult.icann.org/application-result/applicationstatus/applicationdetails/1386 Application Downloads, gTLDresult.ICANN.org] Retrieved 15 Feb 2013</ref>
NIC.br has applied for the new gTLDs, [[.bom]] and [[.final]]. "Bom" translates as "good" while "final" is equivalent to the same word in English, as in "end".<ref>[http://gtldresult.icann.org/application-result/applicationstatus/applicationdetails/1386 Application Downloads, gTLDresult.ICANN.org] Retrieved 15 Feb 2013</ref>
==References==
==References==