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==History==
==History==
Early examples of Open Use TLDs were: [[.tv]], Tuvalu's ccTLD; [[.cc]], the ccTLD of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands; and Samoa's [[.ws]]. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development noted the trend of certain ccTLDs to act as alternatives to the existing gTLDs in 2006:
===Open ccTLD Pioneers===
Early examples of fully "open" TLDs include: [[.tv]], Tuvalu's ccTLD; [[.cc]], the ccTLD of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands; and Samoa's [[.ws]]. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development noted the trend of certain ccTLDs to act as alternatives to the existing gTLDs in 2006:
<blockquote>Some ccTLDs, usually small countries or islands, actively seek global registrants to generate revenue and function commercially like gTLDs. They do not have technical autonomy on the global Internet but may have relative autonomy as, although they are subject to national regulations of the country or the region in which they are based, they are not subject to the rules that the ICANN community develops for commercial gTLDs. Often referred to as “open ccTLDs” or “quasi-generics”, TLD registries that decided to open their name spaces to all interested registrants, regardless of country, include by way of example, .cc (Cocos Islands), .tv (Tuvalu), or .ws (Samoa).<ref>Evolution in the Management of Country Code Top-Level Domain Names (ccTLDs) - OECD Report, November 17, 2006, p. 21: [https://www.oecd.org/sti/ieconomy/37730629.pdf (PDF)]</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>Some ccTLDs, usually small countries or islands, actively seek global registrants to generate revenue and function commercially like gTLDs. They do not have technical autonomy on the global Internet but may have relative autonomy as, although they are subject to national regulations of the country or the region in which they are based, they are not subject to the rules that the ICANN community develops for commercial gTLDs. Often referred to as “open ccTLDs” or “quasi-generics”, TLD registries that decided to open their name spaces to all interested registrants, regardless of country, include by way of example, .cc (Cocos Islands), .tv (Tuvalu), or .ws (Samoa).<ref>Evolution in the Management of Country Code Top-Level Domain Names (ccTLDs) - OECD Report, November 17, 2006, p. 21: [https://www.oecd.org/sti/ieconomy/37730629.pdf (PDF)]</ref></blockquote>
The success of these enterprises inspired other "useful suffix" ccTLDs to decrease restrictions on registration or otherwise participate in a broader market for domains. In 2001, the Universidad de los Andes, the manager of Colombia's .co ccTLD, briefly investigated the possibility of using .co as a "generic equivalent" for the .com gTLD.<ref name="ianaco">[https://www.iana.org/reports/2009/co-report-24nov2009.html IANA Redelegation Report - .co, November 24, 2009]</ref> At the time, the commercialization of the domain was forestalled by litigation and pressure from the Colombian government. However, after protracted discussions between a variety of stakeholders and ICANN, the domain was redelegated to .CO Internet SAS, with the intention of opening the ccTLD to all interested consumers.<ref name="ianaco" /> In July 2010, after an initial preemptive registration period for trademark holders, the .co domain was opened fully to consumers.<ref>[https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=1448d4a3-436e-44be-a496-20690bb744bf Lexology - U.S. trademark owners may now apply for registration of .co domain names]</ref>
===Recent Developments===
As distributed computing, machine learning, and Software as a Service/Platform as a Service businesses continue to grow and expand in commercial consciousness, the demand for complementary [[Domain hack|domain hack]] suffixes has created new business opportunities for Anguilla (.ai) and the British Indian Ocean Territory (.io).
Argentina has a strong history of registrations within its borders, but in September 2019 they became one of the latest [[LAC]] countries to open its ccTLD, [[.ar]], to the world.<ref>[https://nic.ar/es/novedades/noticias/llegan-los-dominios-ar Nic.ar - Llegan los dominios ‘.ar’ (Spanish)]</ref>
==Defensive Registration & Intellectual Property==
==Defensive Registration & Intellectual Property==