.in
.in is the ccTLD for India. It is managed by the National Internet Exchange of India.[1]
Delegation History[edit | edit source]
IANA initially delegated the ccTLD in the DNS root zone in 1989. The National Centre for Software Technology (NCST) was the sponsoring organization and initially served as the manager and operator of the .in ccTLD.[2]
In 2002, NCST merged with the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), a scientific research and development institution of the Ministry of Information Technology.C-DAC managed and operated the .in registry until December of 2004. The Secretary of the Department of Information Technology subsequently issued and order designating and appointing National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI) as the national registry.[2]
Rules and Restrictions[edit | edit source]
DNS Abuse[edit | edit source]
The use(s) and actions as described below, of .in Domain Namespaces or its IDN's, are not permissible: malware, phishing, pharming, botnets, fast-flux hosting and spam.
Certain types of content are universally recognized as seriously abusive use of Domain Name services and where authorized/trusted Notifiers bring to .IN Registry’s notice the following types of content abuse(s), appropriate action(s) will be initiated by .IN Registry.
- Child Sexual Abuse material (CSAM): All forms of Content in relation to or involving the sexual exploitation and abuse of a child.
- Controlled Substances: Content in relation to sale or trade of prohibited goods and services such as illegal narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, illegal firearms and weapons.
- Human Trafficking: Content in relation to unlawful act(s) of transporting or coercing people typically for forced/bonded labour and/or sexual exploitation.
- Violent extremist content: Content which encourages violent action(s), endorsing any terrorist organization or its acts, or encouraging people to join such groups.
- Hate speech: Content in relation to advocacy of regional, ethnic, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence.
- Intellectual property Infringement/Piracy – Content (not relating to the Domain Name itself) in relation to use of Domain Name for alleged trademark, patent or trade secret infringement, or piracy of copyrighted or licensed works.[3]
Second-Level Domains[edit | edit source]
Unrestricted SLDs[edit | edit source]
The following second-level domains are available for unrestricted registration worldwide, with no nexus or qualification requirements[4]:
- co.in
- net.in
- org.in
- firm.in
- gen.in (general)
- ind.in (individuals)
- 5g.in
- 6g.in
- ai.in
- am.in
- bihar.in
- biz.in
- business.in
- ca.in
- cn.in
- com.in
- coop.in
- cs.in
- delhi.in
- dr.in
- er.in
- gujarat.in
- info.in
- int.in
- internet.in
- io.in
- me.in
- pg.in
- post.in
- pro.in
- travel.in
- tv.in
- uk.in
- up.in
- us.in
Additionally, direct registrations under .in are also available without restrictions.
Restricted SLDs[edit | edit source]
The following second-level domains are restricted for use by qualified organizations in India[4]:
- ac.in (Academic institutions)
- res.in (Indian research institutes)
- edu.in (Indian colleges and universities)
- gov.in (Indian government)
- mil.in (Indian military)
Reserved Names[edit | edit source]
Certain domain names have been reserved for use by the government, constitutional bodies, and the registry. The list, as of 2024, can be seen here.[5]