Whois
WHOIS is a TCP-based query/response protocol which is widely used for querying a database in order to determine the owner of a domain name, an IP address, or an autonomous system number on the Internet. [1]
Short overview
Whois (pronounced as the phrase Who is) represents a protocol which is mainly used to used to find details and information about domain names, networks and hosts. The Whois records contain data referring to various organizations and contacts related to the networds and domain names. The Whois protocols operate by means of a server where anyone is allowed to connect and create a query. The Whois server will then respond to this query and end the connection. A Whois server can exist in any type of company and provide information related to its activity. However, Whois is usually used in order to find information related to domain names by creating queries on the appropriate server. [2]
Whois Purpose
The Internet has changed as compared to its early days of technical experimentation, thus evolving. In this way, the Internet has become an essential key for commerce activities and a wide source of information for worldwide users. Having this in mind, the Whois represents a database where essential contact information is found and updated.[3] Apart from finding information about the domain name or executing the queries created on the server, the Whois has plenty of other uses as listed below:
- Ensuring support for security and stability over the Internet
- Determining the name domain and its registration status
- Ensures restrictive use of information communication technology
- Enforcing laws at national and international level under the guidance of authorities during investigations
- Protects intellectual property and trademarks
- Ensures the right support for organizations in combat against fraud while complying with relevant laws
Whois and ICANN
WHOIS services allow access for the public to data and information related to registered domain names, which currently includes contact information for Registered Name Holders. Within the agreements of ICANN fot domain names registered in generic top-level domains (gTLDs) there are specified the following: the extent of registration data collected in the moment of domain name registration and the ways through which such data can be accessed. For instance, ICANN requires accredited registrars to collect and provide free public access to the name of the registered domain name and its nameservers and registrar, the date the domain was created and when its registration expires, and the contact information for the Registered Name Holder, the technical contact, and the administrative contact. [4]
Whois protocol
The origin of Whois protocol is in the ARPANET NICNAME protocol which was developed based on NAME/FINGER Protocol (rpersented in RFC742 from 1977). In 1982 within RFC812 the NICNAME/WHOIS protocol was for the first time presented by Ken Harrenstien and Vic White from SRI International - Network Information Center. Even if at first the Whois was used on NCP (Network Control Program) his main use was set along with the standardization of TCO/IP across the ARPNET and Internet.