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'''.com''' is one of the first [[TLD]]s to be used on the Internet's [[DNS|Domain Name System]]; it was originally intended for commercial purposes, though there are no current restrictions limiting it to commercial entities. It was introduced in 1985 by [[IANA]], which is responsible for the overall coordination and management of the DNS; the organization was led by [[Jon Postel]] at the time. On January 28, 1986, the entities overseeing the DNS met and restructured its makeup to correspond to 8 TLDs, including .com, the others are: [[.gov]] (government), [[.edu ]] (American higher education), [[.mil]] (American military), [[.org]] (organization), [[.int]] (international, specifically NATO relations), [[.net]] (sites related to the Internet itself), [[.bitnet]] (computers on the BITNET network).<ref>[http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc920#page-2 RFC 920], IETF.org. Published 1984 October.</ref><ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/iw_dns_name.htm IW DNS name], LivingInternet.com.</ref>

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.com is the most popular gTLD with more than 100 million registrants worldwide. The global demand for the .com gTLD remains strong as the number of global Internet users continues to grow.<ref>[http://www.verisigninc.com/en_US/products-and-services/domain-name-services/registry-services/com-domain-names/index.xhtml .com Domain Name Registry], VerisignInc.com.</ref> [[Verisign]] is the registry operator of the .com gTLD, and was approved by [[ICANN]] in 2006.<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/tlds/agreements/verisign/registry-agmt-com-22sep10.htm .com Registry Agreement], ICANN.org. Published 22 September 10.</ref>

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.com is the most popular gTLD with more than 100 million registrants worldwide. The global demand for the .com gTLD remains strong as the number of global Internet users continues to grow.<ref>[http://www.verisigninc.com/en_US/products-and-services/domain-name-services/registry-services/com-domain-names/index.xhtml.com Domain Name Registry], VerisignInc.com.</ref> [[Verisign]] is the registry operator of the .com gTLD, and was approved by [[ICANN]] in 2006.<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/tlds/agreements/verisign/registry-agmt-com-22sep10.htm .com Registry Agreement], ICANN.org. Published 22 September 10.</ref>

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In October 2011, [[Verisign]]'s registry passed the 100 million mark for number of .com domains under management.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/com-passed-100-million-mark-in-october/ Com Passed 100 Million Mark in October], DomainIncite.com. Published 2 Februart 2012.</ref> By the end of quarter 2 of 2012, Verisign had 240 million domain names over all of the TLDs it operates, with .com and .net holding 49% of the TLD market share, a drop of 2% from quarter 1.<ref>[http://www.trefis.com/stock/vrsn/articles/146666/verisigns-dropping-com-and-net-is-a-troubling-trend/2012-10-03 ~~Verisign’s~~ Dropping .com And .net Is A Troubling Trend], Trefix.com. Published 3 October 2012.</ref>

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In October 2011, [[Verisign]]'s registry passed the 100 million mark for number of .com domains under management.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/com-passed-100-million-mark-in-october/ Com Passed 100 Million Mark in October], DomainIncite.com. Published 2 Februart 2012.</ref> By the end of quarter 2 of 2012, Verisign had 240 million domain names over all of the TLDs it operates, with .com and .net holding 49% of the TLD market share, a drop of 2% from quarter 1.<ref>[http://www.trefis.com/stock/vrsn/articles/146666/verisigns-dropping-com-and-net-is-a-troubling-trend/2012-10-03 Verisign's Dropping .com And .net Is A Troubling Trend], Trefix.com. Published 3 October 2012.</ref>

Verisign has been running .com and [[.net]] with 100% operational accuracy and stability for more than 15 years.<ref>[http://www.verisigninc.com/en_US/why-verisign/education-center/domain-names/index.xhtml Domain Names], VerisignInc.com.</ref>

==History==

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The .com gTLD, along with the other original TLDs, was first administered by the United States Department of Defense under the [[DARPA|Defense Advance Advance Research Project Agency]], which was first implemented in 1985. The [[NIC|Network Information Center]], which was run by [[SRI International]], was the first assigned registrar and administrator of the first domain names.<ref>[http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc920.txt RFC 920]</ref> NIC was responsible for registering and hosting the domain names,<ref>[http://www.sri.com/about/timeline/tld-nic.html SRI International]</ref> as well as administering the [[IP Address|IP addresses]].<ref>[http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1020.txt RFC 1020]</ref>

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The .com gTLD, along with the other original TLDs, was first administered by the United States Department of Defense under the [[DARPA|Defense Advance Advance Research Project Agency]], which was first implemented in 1985. The [[NIC|Network Information Center]], which was run by [[SRI International]], was the first assigned registrar and administrator of the first domain names.<ref>[http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc920.txt RFC 920], RFC-Editor.org.</ref> NIC was responsible for registering and hosting the domain names,<ref>[http://www.sri.com/about/timeline/tld-nic.html SRI International]</ref> as well as administering the [[IP Address|IP addresses]].<ref>[http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1020.txt RFC 1020], RFC-Editor.org.</ref>

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On October 1, 1991, the administration of the .com and all the TLDs was transfered to [[GSI|Government Systems, Inc.]].<ref>[http://www.armware.dk/RFC/rfc/rfc1261.html RFC 1261]</ref> It assumed all of SRI's service responsibilities, such as domain name registration, online informations services and help desk operations, as well as [[RFC]] and Internet-Draft archive and distribution services. The Internet registration services were provided by Defense Information System Agency (DISA) NIC, which was also operated by Government Systems Inc.<ref>~~[http://www.armware.dk/RFC/rfc/rfc1261.html RFC 1261]~~</ref> This task was sub-contracted by GSI to [[Network Solutions]] (NSI).

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On October 1, 1991, the administration of the .com and all the TLDs was transfered to [[GSI|Government Systems, Inc.]].<ref name="rfc1261">[http://www.armware.dk/RFC/rfc/rfc1261.html RFC 1261], ArmWare.dk.</ref> It assumed all of SRI's service responsibilities, such as domain name registration, online informations services and help desk operations, as well as [[RFC]] and Internet-Draft archive and distribution services. The Internet registration services were provided by Defense Information System Agency (DISA) NIC, which was also operated by Government Systems Inc.<ref name="rfc1261"></ref> This task was sub-contracted by GSI to [[Network Solutions]] (NSI).

The legislation of the Scientific and Advanced Technology Act in 1992 gave an expanded mandate to the [[NSF|National Science Foundation]] (NSF). This is a statutory body, which supports and strengthens basic scientific research, engineering, and educational activities in the United States, including the maintenance of computer networks used to connect research and educational institutions. It assumed the responsibility of coordinating and funding the management of the non-military portion of Internet infrastructure, pursuant to the High-Performance Computing Act which was legislated on December 9, 1991.

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In 1993, NSF and NSI entered a five-year cooperative agreement, which appointed NSI as the sole provider of domain name registrations for the .com, [[.net]], and [[.org]] gTLDs.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20010301153634/http://networksolutions.com/en_US/legal/internic/cooperative-agreement/agreement.html NSI-NSF Cooperative Agreement]</ref> In 2000, Network Solutions was acquired by [[Verisign]],<ref>[http://about-networksolutions.com/corporate-history.php Network Solutions History]</ref> which retained NSI's registry business. Verisign is the ~~curent~~ registry operator of the .com gTLD.<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/tlds/agreements/com/ .com Registry Agreement]</ref>

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In 1993, NSF and NSI entered a five-year cooperative agreement, which appointed NSI as the sole provider of domain name registrations for the .com, [[.net]], and [[.org]] gTLDs.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20010301153634/http://networksolutions.com/en_US/legal/internic/cooperative-agreement/agreement.html NSI-NSF Cooperative Agreement], Archive.org.</ref> In 2000, Network Solutions was acquired by [[Verisign]],<ref>[http://about-networksolutions.com/corporate-history.php Network Solutions History], NetworkSoutions.com.</ref> which retained NSI's registry business.

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Verisign is the current registry operator of the .com gTLD.<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/tlds/agreements/com/ .com Registry Agreement]</ref>

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===.com Boom===

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The first .com registration was for Symbolics.com on March 15, 1985. Two and a half years later there were still only 100 names registered in .com. In 1992 there were less than 15,000 .coms, and the million-domain mark was crossed in 1997; however, the following two years were known as the ".com boom", when about 20 million domains were registered. This was an exciting but also turbulent time, as many [[domainer]]s believed the best way to make money was through newfound methods of trademark infringement, known as [[cybersquatting]]. Processes to reverse and punish registrations made by third-party registrants not associated with a person or trademark that is referenced in the domain were eventually developed, such as the [[UDRP]]. An early and well-known dispute over a domain includes the legal battle over madonna.com between the famous performer and an unassociated web-developer.<ref>[http://articles.cnn.com/2000-10-16/entertainment/wb.madonna_1_cybersquatter-madonna-louise-ciccone-wipo?_s=PM:SHOWBIZ Madona 1 Cybersquatter, ~~Articles~~.~~cnn~~.~~com]~~</ref> The boom eventually ~~levelled~~ off, though steady growth in the .com namespace continued. Some believe that the .com boom initiated the era of scarcity for quality .com names, and fueled the high-value aftermarket for domain names, but domains for currently popular websites, such as youtube.com and twitter.com, were registered years after the boom ended.<ref>[http://www.25yearsof.com/25years/ 25years, 25yearsof.com]</ref>

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The first .com registration was for Symbolics.com on March 15, 1985. Two-and-a-half years later, there were still only 100 names registered in .com. In 1992, there were less than 15,000 .coms, and the million-domain mark was crossed in 1997; however, the following two years were known as the ".com boom", when about 20 million domains were registered. This was an exciting but also turbulent time, as many [[domainer]]s believed the best way to make money was through newfound methods of trademark infringement, known as [[cybersquatting]]. Processes to reverse and punish registrations made by third-party registrants not associated with a person or trademark that is referenced in the domain were eventually developed, such as the [[UDRP]]. An early and well-known dispute over a domain includes the legal battle over madonna.com between the famous performer and an unassociated web-developer.<ref>[http://articles.cnn.com/2000-10-16/entertainment/wb.madonna_1_cybersquatter-madonna-louise-ciccone-wipo?_s=PM:SHOWBIZ Madona 1 Cybersquatter], CNN.com. Published 16 October 2000.</ref> The boom eventually leveled off, though steady growth in the .com namespace continued. Some believe that the .com boom initiated the era of scarcity for quality .com names, and fueled the high-value aftermarket for domain names, but domains for currently popular websites, such as youtube.com and twitter.com, were registered years after the boom ended.<ref>[http://www.25yearsof.com/25years/ 25years], 25yearsof.com.</ref>

===25 Years of .com===

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Verisign had a number of events, forums, contests and awards planned for the 25th anniversary of .com, in 2010. These included awards to 25 people and companies recognized for influencing the .com namespace and the Internet as a whole; a Washington D.C. based Policy Impact Forum featuring [[Bill Clinton]], [[Rod Beckstrom]], Arianna Huffington, [[Ken Silva]], and others~~; and~~ Verisign unveiled details for four $75,000 research grants at its San Francisco event, which also featured then CEO [[Mark McLaughlin]] and ICANN Chairman [[Peter Dengate Thrush]].<ref>[http://www.25yearsof.com/ 25yearsof.com]</ref>

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Verisign had a number of events, forums, contests and awards planned for the 25th anniversary of .com in 2010. These included awards to 25 people and companies recognized for influencing the .com namespace and the Internet as a whole, and a Washington D.C.-based Policy Impact Forum featuring [[Bill Clinton]], [[Rod Beckstrom]], Arianna Huffington, [[Ken Silva]], and others. Verisign unveiled details for four $75,000 research grants at its San Francisco event, which also featured then CEO [[Mark McLaughlin]] and ICANN Chairman [[Peter Dengate Thrush]].<ref>[http://www.25yearsof.com/ 25yearsof.com]</ref>

===Renewal===

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