Changes

In 1961, BBN suffered a major setback when the specifications for the acoustic design of the Philharmonic Hall at the Lincoln Center in New York was not implemented by the architect. BBN spent millions of dollars and it took the company three years to modify the acoustic design of the hall. BBN's reputation in acoustical design was damaged by the contract. Beranek decided to redirect the company and engaged in other areas of research development. Licklider took the opportunity to push his vision in computing research.<ref>[http://mit.edu/6.933/www/Fall2001/BBN.pdf Section Four: 1957-1962: J.C.R. Licklider at BBN]</ref> With Beranek's support, Licklider lead a group of computer researchers in pursuing time sharing using his paper entitled "Man-Computer Symbiosis" as guide that was published in 1960.His group developed and performed the first public demonstration of computer time sharing using the PDP-1 computer, which was purchased by BBN from Digital Equipment Corporation ([[DEC]]). The development of time sharing led the company to pursue further research in network computing and created applications such as debugging, computer calculations and text editing. BBN hired John Swets to take over the computer research projects of Licklider when he left the company to serve as head of the Behavioral Sciences Office and the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) of the  Advanced Projects Research Agency ([[ARPA]])on October 1962. BBN's computer research department flourished and hired more than 600 computer experts by 1968. During that time, the company's computer research department was working in three areas including artificial intelligence, computer graphics and computer systems. <ref>[http://mit.edu/6.933/www/Fall2001/BBN.pdf Section Five: 1960 – 1962: Time Sharing]</ref> <ref>[http://memex.org/licklider.pdf In Memoriam: J.C.R. Licklider]</ref>

In 1961, BBN suffered a major setback when the specifications for the acoustic design of the Philharmonic Hall at the Lincoln Center in New York was not implemented by the architect. BBN spent millions of dollars and it took the company three years to modify the acoustic design of the hall. BBN's reputation in acoustical design was damaged by the contract. Beranek decided to redirect the company and engaged in other areas of research development. Licklider took the opportunity to push his vision in computing research.<ref>[http://mit.edu/6.933/www/Fall2001/BBN.pdf Section Four: 1957-1962: J.C.R. Licklider at BBN]</ref> With Beranek's support, Licklider lead a group of computer researchers in pursuing time sharing using his paper entitled "Man-Computer Symbiosis" as guide that was published in 1960.His group developed and performed the first public demonstration of computer time sharing using the PDP-1 computer, which was purchased by BBN from Digital Equipment Corporation ([[DEC]]). The development of time sharing led the company to pursue further research in network computing and created applications such as debugging, computer calculations and text editing. BBN hired John Swets to take over the computer research projects of Licklider when he left the company to serve as head of the Behavioral Sciences Office and the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) of the  Advanced Projects Research Agency ([[ARPA]])on October 1962. BBN's computer research department flourished and hired more than 600 computer experts by 1968. During that time, the company's computer research department was working in three areas including artificial intelligence, computer graphics and computer systems. <ref>[http://mit.edu/6.933/www/Fall2001/BBN.pdf Section Five: 1960 – 1962: Time Sharing]</ref> <ref>[http://memex.org/licklider.pdf In Memoriam: J.C.R. Licklider]</ref>

==BBN and ARPANET==

==BBN and the ARPANET==

The ARPANET was a project of the [[IPTO]] funded by the Defense Advance Research Agency ([[DARPA]]) which evolved as the internet today. The plan for the ARPANET was developed by Licklider during his tenure as Director of the agency from 1962 to 1964. Licklider envisioned a universal network.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_licklider.htm J.C.R. Licklider And The Universal Network]</ref> Inspired by this vision, his successors [[Ivan Sutherland]] and [[Robert Taylor]] both served as IPTO director and [[Lawrence Roberts]] who served as ARPANET program manager pushed for the development of wide area communications network.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_roberts.htm Lawrence Roberts Manages The ARPANET Program]</ref> In 1968, the IPTO issued a Request for Quotation for the development of Interface Message Processors ([[IMP]]) for 140 companies, BBN submitted a detailed proposal for the project. IPTO awarded the contract to the company. The BBN team was led by Frank Heart  with [[Boh Kahn]], a communications theoretician expert responsible in error control and identifying problems related with sending data over the telephone lines; '''Severo Ornstein''' and '''Ben Barker''', in-charge of hardware development while Will Crowther, Bernie Cosell and Dave Walden were responsible for the software development. <ref>[http://www.bbn.com/about/timeline/arpanet The Arpanet Forerunner of Today's Internet]</ref> <ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_imp_walden.htm Looking back at the ARPANET effort, 34 years later by Dave Walden]</ref> BBN collaborated with the research teams from the first four sites selected by Roberts to be connected in the ARPANET  including the University of California Los Angeles ([[UCLA]]), Stanford Research Institute ([[SRI]]), University of California at Santa Barbara and University of Utah. The UCLA Team composed of [[Vinton Cerf]], [[Steve Crocker]], '''Bill Naylor''', [[Jon Postel]], and '''Mike Wingfield''' were responsible in installing the first IMP delivered by BBN to the Network Messaging Center of UCLA and created the first ARPANET node. The first message sent through the network was "Do it to it, Truett" as a tribute to BBN engineer Truett Thach who brought the computer to UCLA from Cambridge. The exchange of communication was successful. When the succeeding BBN IMPs were connected to the three sites in 1969, ARPANET was born. The growth of ARPANET was rapid. By 1975, the management of the military side of the ARPANET was handled by Defense Systems Information Agency ([[DISA]]) while the non-military network was managed by the National Science Foundation Network ([[NSFNET]]). The ARPANET ceased in 1990.

The ARPANET was a project of the [[IPTO]] funded by the Defense Advance Research Agency ([[DARPA]]) which evolved as the internet today. The plan for the ARPANET was developed by Licklider during his tenure as Director of the agency from 1962 to 1964. Licklider envisioned a universal network.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_licklider.htm J.C.R. Licklider And The Universal Network]</ref> Inspired by this vision, his successors [[Ivan Sutherland]] and [[Robert Taylor]] both served as IPTO director and [[Lawrence Roberts]] who served as ARPANET program manager pushed for the development of wide area communications network.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_roberts.htm Lawrence Roberts Manages The ARPANET Program]</ref> In 1968, the IPTO issued a Request for Quotation for the development of Interface Message Processors ([[IMP]]) for 140 companies, BBN submitted a detailed proposal for the project. IPTO awarded the contract to the company. The BBN team was led by Frank Heart  with [[Boh Kahn]], a communications theoretician expert responsible in error control and identifying problems related with sending data over the telephone lines; '''Severo Ornstein''' and '''Ben Barker''', in-charge of hardware development while Will Crowther, Bernie Cosell and Dave Walden were responsible for the software development. <ref>[http://www.bbn.com/about/timeline/arpanet The Arpanet Forerunner of Today's Internet]</ref> <ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_imp_walden.htm Looking back at the ARPANET effort, 34 years later by Dave Walden]</ref> BBN collaborated with the research teams from the first four sites selected by Roberts to be connected in the ARPANET  including the University of California Los Angeles ([[UCLA]]), Stanford Research Institute ([[SRI]]), University of California at Santa Barbara and University of Utah. The UCLA Team composed of [[Vinton Cerf]], [[Steve Crocker]], '''Bill Naylor''', [[Jon Postel]], and '''Mike Wingfield''' were responsible in installing the first IMP delivered by BBN to the Network Messaging Center of UCLA and created the first ARPANET node. The first message sent through the network was "Do it to it, Truett" as a tribute to BBN engineer Truett Thach who brought the computer to UCLA from Cambridge. The exchange of communication was successful. When the succeeding BBN IMPs were connected to the three sites in 1969, ARPANET was born. The growth of ARPANET was rapid. By 1975, the management of the military side of the ARPANET was handled by Defense Systems Information Agency ([[DISA]]) while the non-military network was managed by the National Science Foundation Network ([[NSFNET]]). The ARPANET ceased in 1990.

<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET -- The First Internet]</ref>

<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/i/ii_arpanet.htm ARPANET -- The First Internet]</ref>