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→Intergovernmental Organizations
===Intergovernmental Organizations===
===Intergovernmental Organizations===
IGO responses generally see DNS Abuse as a facet of [[Cybercrime]]. Government responses tend to focus on what can be adjudicated; include content abuse, such as child pornography; and outline how and when electronic evidence can be collected.
IGO responses generally see DNS Abuse as a facet of [[Cybercrime]].
====Objectives====
====Objectives====
=====Pro-Mitigation=====
=====Pro-Mitigation=====
* [[Budapest Convention]]
* [[Budapest Convention]]
=====Pro-Privacy=====
=====Pro-Privacy=====
*Pro-privacy legislation, such as the [[GDPR]], limits access to natural persons' data.
*Pro-privacy legislation, such as the [[GDPR]], limits access to natural persons' data.
===Government Responses===
Government responses tend to focus on what can be adjudicated; include content abuse, such as child pornography; and outline how and when electronic evidence can be collected.
Government responses tend to focus on what can be adjudicated; include content abuse, such as child pornography; and outline how and when electronic evidence can be collected.
=====Domestic Legislation=====
=====Domestic Legislation=====
* [[Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency#History|The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018]]
* [[Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency#History|The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Act of 2018]]
=====CISA=====
=====CISA=====
The [[CISA]] seeks to prevent future cyberattacks on [[CISA#Critical Infrastructure|critical infrastructure]].
=====FBI=====
=====FBI=====
The FBI leads the [[National Cyber Investigative Joint Task Force]] (NCIJTF) and runs the public-facing [[Internet Crime Complaint Center]] (IC3) to collect cybercrime and electronic evidence of other types of crimes.
The [[FBI]] leads the [[National Cyber Investigative Joint Task Force]] (NCIJTF) and runs the public-facing [[Internet Crime Complaint Center]] (IC3) to collect cybercrime and electronic evidence of other types of crimes.
=====Responding to State-Sponsored Cyberattacks=====
=====Responding to State-Sponsored Cyberattacks=====
* [[SolarWinds#Hacking Attack|SolarWinds Hacking Attack]]
* [[SolarWinds#Hacking Attack|SolarWinds Hacking Attack]]: In an executive order issued April 15, 2021, President Biden levied economic sanctions against Russian financial institutions, technology companies, and individuals that participated in this series of hacks that infiltrated nine federal agencies and over 100 private companies.<ref>[https://www.vox.com/recode/22385555/biden-solarwinds-hack-russia-sanctions Biden's SolarWinds Executive Order, Vox]</ref>
* [[Microsoft#Email Systems Hacking Attack|Microsoft Email Systems Hacking Attack]] On July 19, 2021, the Biden administration formally condemned but did not inflict sanctions against the Chinese government for working with hackers to breaching Microsoft email systems.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/19/us/politics/microsoft-hacking-china-biden.html?action=click&module=Spotlight&pgtype=Homepage US Govt Accuses China of Hacking Microsoft, NY Times]</ref>
* [[Microsoft#Email Systems Hacking Attack|Microsoft Email Systems Hacking Attack]]: On July 19, 2021, the Biden administration formally condemned but did not inflict sanctions against the Chinese government for working with hackers to breaching Microsoft email systems.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/19/us/politics/microsoft-hacking-china-biden.html?action=click&module=Spotlight&pgtype=Homepage US Govt Accuses China of Hacking Microsoft, NY Times]</ref>
===Technical Community===
===Technical Community===