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Gabriel dos Santos moved page Google Corporation to Google over redirect
{{CompanyInfo|
{{CompanyInfo|
| logo = Googlelogo.png
| logo = GoogleLogoNew.png
|partnersponsor = [[Sponsorship|ICANNWiki Partner]]
| type = Publicly Held
| type = Publicly Held
| industry = Internet & Technology
| industry = Internet & Technology
[[Eric Schmidt]], Executive Chairman <br>
[[Eric Schmidt]], Executive Chairman <br>
[[Sergey Brin]], Co-Founder <br>
[[Sergey Brin]], Co-Founder <br>
[[Jordyn Buchanan]], Site Reliability Manager<br>
[[Sarah Falvey]], Policy Manager<br>
[[Hal Bailey]], Strategic Partnerships Director<br>
Nikesh Arora, Senior VP and Chief Business Officer <br>
Nikesh Arora, Senior VP and Chief Business Officer <br>
Shona L. Brown, Senior VP Business Operations <br>
Shona L. Brown, Senior VP Business Operations <br>
* Domains that are interesting and has creative potential (example: [[.lol]])
* Domains that are interesting and has creative potential (example: [[.lol]])
Vint also assured website owners that they will have a good experience with the introduction of new TLDs by making security and abuse prevention as high priority, working with all ICANN-accredited registrars and with brand owners to develop sensible rights protection mechanisms built upon ICANN’s requirements.
Vint also assured people that making new TLDs successful through security measure and abuse prevention as high priority, working with all ICANN-accredited registrars and with brand owners to develop sensible rights protection mechanisms built upon ICANN’s requirements.
In a related report, Ad Age Digital reported that Google applied for more than 50 TLDs. The information was revealed by a source within Google who is familiar with the company's application. <ref>[http://adage.com/article/digital/google-applies-50-domains-including-lol-youtube/235079/ Google Applies for More than 50 New Domains Including .LOL and .YouTube]</ref>
In a related report, Ad Age Digital reported that Google applied for more than 50 TLDs. The information was revealed by a source within Google who is familiar with the company's application. <ref>[http://adage.com/article/digital/google-applies-50-domains-including-lol-youtube/235079/ Google Applies for More than 50 New Domains Including .LOL and .YouTube]</ref>
Based on ICANN's List of New gTLD Applied-For Strings, Google applied for 101 new gTLDs through its wholly-owned subsidiary, [[Charleston Road Registry Inc.]]. The company spent more than $18.6 million in application fees. Google's primary competitor is [[Amazon]], which filed for 21 similar domain name strings including [[.drive]], [[.search]] and [[.play]]. Sarah Falvey, Senior Policy Analyst of Google is the main contact person in the application. <ref>[http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/program-status/application-results/strings-1200utc-13jun12-en Reveal Day 13 June 2012 – New gTLD Applied-For Strings]</ref> <ref>[http://searchenginewatch.com/article/2184179/Google-Pays-18.6-Million-Applying-for-101-New-gTLDs Google Pays $18.6 Million Applying for 101 New gTLDs]</ref>
Based on ICANN's List of New gTLD Applied-For Strings, Google applied for 101 new gTLDs through its wholly-owned subsidiary, [[Charleston Road Registry Inc.]]. The company spent more than $18.6 million in application fees. Google's primary competitor is [[Amazon]], which filed for 21 similar domain name strings including [[.drive]], [[.search]] and [[.play]]. Sarah Falvey, Senior Policy Analyst of Google is the main contact person in the application. <ref>[http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/program-status/application-results/strings-1200utc-13jun12-en Reveal Day 13 June 2012 – New gTLD Applied-For Strings]</ref> <ref>[http://searchenginewatch.com/article/2184179/Google-Pays-18.6-Million-Applying-for-101-New-gTLDs Google Pays $18.6 Million Applying for 101 New gTLDs]</ref>
Google applied for [[.and]], [[.are]] and [[.est]], which are all protected strings and cannot be implemented as New gTLDs given their status as the ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country codes (for Andorra,United Arab Emirates, and Estonia respectively). It is rumored that Google withdrew all three applications prior to Initial Evaluation.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/10089-did-google-withdraw-three-new-gtld-applications Did Google Withdraw Three New gTLD Applications?, DomainIncite.com]</ref>
Three of Google's applications, [[.and]], [[.are]] and [[.est]], were for protected strings and cannot be implemented as New gTLDs given their status as the ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country codes (for Andorra, United Arab Emirates, and Estonia respectively). It was later confirmed that Google withdrew these applications.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/10089-did-google-withdraw-three-new-gtld-applications Did Google Withdraw Three New gTLD Applications?, DomainIncite.com]</ref>
In January of 2014, it was confirmed that Google's first domain registration for a New gTLD was جوجل.شبكة, which is a transliteration of "Google". It was registered during the [[Sunrise Period]] for the TLD [[.shabaka]]. <ref>[http://domainincite.com/15472-google-registers-its-first-new-gtld-domain Google registers its first New gTLD Domain, DomainIncite] Retrieved 06 Jan 2014</ref>
===Applications===
Google's 101 originally applied for strings, separated by contested and non-contested, are:<br>
[[.app]], [[.baby]], [[.blog]], [[.book]], [[.buy]], [[.cloud]], [[.corp]], [[.cpa]], [[.dds]], [[.dev]], [[.diy]], [[.docs]], [[.dog]], [[.dot]], [[.drive]], [[.earth]], [[.family]], [[.film]], [[.free]], [[.fun]], [[.fyi]], [[.game]], [[.gmbh]], [[.goo]], [[.home]], [[.inc]], [[.live]], [[.llc]], [[.llp]], [[.lol]], [[.love]], [[.mail]], [[.map]], [[.mba]], [[.med]], [[.mom]], [[.moto]], [[.movie]], [[.music]], [[.pet]], [[.phd]], [[.play]], [[.plus]], [[.search]], [[.shop]], [[.show]], [[.site]], [[.spot]], [[.srl]], [[.store]], [[.talk]], [[.team]], [[.tech]], [[.tube]], [[.vip]], [[.web]], [[.wow]], [[.you]]
<br>
<br>
[[.ads]], [[.and]], [[.android]], [[.are]], [[.boo]], [[.cal]], [[.car]], [[.channel]], [[.chrome]], [[.dad]], [[.day]], [[.dclk]], [[.eat]], [[.esq]], [[.est]], [[.fly]], [[.foo]], [[.gbiz]], [[.gle]], [[.gmail]], [[.goog]], [[.google]], [[.guge]], [[.hangout]], [[.here]], [[.how]], [[.ing]], [[.kid]], [[.meme]], [[.mov]], [[.new]],[[.nexus]], [[.page]], [[.prod]], [[.prof]], [[.rsvp]], [[.soy]], [[.tour]], [[.youtube]], [[.zip]], [[.みんな]], [[.グーグル]], [[.谷歌]]<ref>[http://searchenginewatch.com/article/2184179/Google-Pays-18.6-Million-Applying-for-101-New-gTLDs Google Pays 18.6 Million Applying for 101 New gTLDs, SearchEngineWatch.com]Published 13 June 2012, Retrieved 14 Jan 2013</ref>
===Withdrawn Applications===
Google applied for [[.and]] as a TLD for its Android services, and [[.are]] and [[.est]] as domain hacks that would allow domains such as "fast.est" and "dogs.are/cute". All three applications were withdrawn. They were immediately criticized as flying directly in the face of [[ICANN]]'s [[AGB|applicant guidebook]] given that it clearly lays out that geographic and territory names on the [[ISO 3166-1]] standard list are protected. AND is on that list as a designation of Andorra; EST is for Estonia; and ARE is reserved for the United Arab Emirates. Thus, it was quickly suggested that the applications would be rejected outright.<ref>[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/07/02/google_loses_money_applying_for_banned_domain_names/ Google Loses Money Applying for Banned Domain Names, TheRegister.Co.Uk]</ref><ref>[http://domainincite.com/10089-did-google-withdraw-three-new-gtld-applications Did Google Withdraw Three New gTLD Applications?, DomainIncite.com]</ref> In September, 2012 it was noted that Google had withdrawn all three applications.<ref>[http://www.thedomains.com/2012/09/05/icann-4-new-gtld-applications-withdrawn-3-by-google/ ICANN 4 New gTLD Applications Withdrawn 3 by Google, TheDomains.com]</ref>
===Complaints Over Closed gTLDs===
In September, 2012, an influential consumer advocacy group, Consumer Watchdog, sent a letter to U.S. Sen. Rockefeller, who is the chair of the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee. Sen. Rockefeller's senate subcommittee is the same that had held hearings regarding ICANN and its [[New gTLD Program|new gTLD program]] just before its launch. Consumer Watchdog is upset over both Google and Amazon's plans to acquire generic TLDs and then to restrict them only for their own use. The letter states: "If these applications are granted, large parts of the Internet would be privatized. It is one thing to own a domain associated with your brand, but it is a huge problem to take control of generic strings. Both Google and Amazon are already dominant players on the Internet. Allowing them further control by buying generic domain strings would threaten the free and open Internet that consumers rely upon. Consumer Watchdog urges you to do all that you can to thwart these outrageous efforts and ensure that the Internet continues its vibrant growth while serving the interests of all of its users." The whole letter can be seen [http://www.consumerwatchdog.org/resources/ltrrockefeller091912.pdf here].<ref>[http://domainincite.com/10535-consumer-watchdog-slams-outrageous-google-and-amazon-keyword-gtld-bids Consumer Watchdog Slams Outrageous Google and Amazon Keyword gTLD bids, DomainIncite.com]</ref>
This letter came just a day after a similar appeal by a group of domain industry regulars was announced. [[Michele Neylon]], CEO of [[Blacknight Internet Solutions Ltd]] and a highly active member of the ICANN community, led the signatories of a letter adressing the same issue, though it does not name Google nor [[Amazon]] by name. Instead it focuses on any and all use of generic terms that are being sought after only to become closed TLDs: "generic words used in a generic way belong to all people. It is inherently in the public interest to allow access to generic new gTLDs to the whole of the Internet Community, e.g., .BLOG, .MUSIC, .CLOUD. Allowing everyone to register and use second level domain names of these powerful, generic TLDs is exactly what we envisioned the New gTLD Program would do. In contrast, to allow individual Registry Operators to segregate and close-off common words for which they do not possess intellectual property rights in effect allows them to circumvent nation-states’ entrenched legal processes for obtaining legitimate and recognized trademark protections." Other signatories include: [[Scott Pinzon]], former Director of ICANN; [[Kelly Hardy]], domain industry consultant; [[Frédéric Guillemaut]], MailClub.fr; [[Robert Birkner]], 1API GmbH; the whole letter can be seen [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZUNlookOWyaSW8lXfi_37zVFsVk9xcxncvmE0uwPEFY/edit here].
In mid-February 2013, it was announced that an applicant represented by industry lawyer [[Philip Corwin]] would be contacting and lobbying lawmakers in Washington and Brussels, or raising litigation, against Google. The applicant in question remains unknown though it is in contention with Google for at least one TLD. It is not in contention with Amazon, which has in fact applied for many more closed TLDs than Google. The issue at hand is the competition advantage that Google has given its search dominance and its ownership of sites such as youtube. Therefore, its applications for .film, .movie, .mov, .live, .show and .tube could all be used to create further market dominance within the online video and content streaming markets.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/11861-mystery-gtld-applicant-to-take-google-fight-to-lawmakers Mystery gTLD Applicant to Take Googe Fight to Lawmakers, DomainIncite.com] Published 13 Feb 2013, Retrieved 14 Feb 2013</ref>
* <big>'''[[gTLD#Closed Generic Strings|More on closed gTLDs]]'''</big>
In early March, 2013, Google announced via public comments ICANN held on the Closed Generic issue that it would no longer be seeking to close off any of its generic applications, and specifically noted the offending applications, [[.app]], [[.blog]], [[.cloud]] and [[.search]]. It noted that it planned to affect these changes through amendments to its applications.<ref>[http://www.circleid.com/posts/20130308_google_bows_to_pressure_on_closed_generics/ Google Bows to Pressure on Closed Generics, CircleID.com] Retrieved March 8th 2013</ref>
===GAC Early Warnings===
Google was warned by [[ICANN]]'s [[GAC|Governmental Advisory Committee]] (GAC), regarding 4 of its applications, for [[.cloud]], [[.app]], [[.search]], and [[.blog]]. All 4 warnings came from the Australian GAC representative, and [[GAC]] Chair, [[Heather Dryden]]. She issued the most warning of any representative, and warned every applicant that had applied for a generic term to be used exclusively by the applicant, arguing that this inhibits competition on the Internet and is not in the public's interest. All of Googles warnings were warned for this reason, and it was warned far fewer times than its major competitors, such as [[Amazon]].<ref>http://www.tldh.org/2012/11/icann-prioriisation-draw/ ICANN Prioritization Draw, TLDH.org]Retrieved 1 Dec 2012</ref><ref>[https://gacweb.icann.org/display/gacweb/GAC+Early+Warnings GAC Early Warnings, GACweb.ICANN.org] Retrieved 1 Dec 2012</ref>
===Trade Association===
During a special ICANN session held in January 2013 in Amsterdam, Google supported and facilitated a parallel working session outside of the ICANN meeting to discuss the possibility of creating a New gLTD Trade Association that could spread consumer awareness and provide business advocacy for New TLDs. The meeting was the first stage in creating such a body and preliminary discussions included funding sources, membership requirements, and universal TLD acceptance issues.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/11696-google-backing-new-gtld-trade-assocation Google Backing New gTLD Trade Association, DomainIncite.com]Published & Retrieved 24 Jan 2013</ref> The meeting was reportedly "very well attended", and participants agreed that the trade association should focus on the Domain Industry as a whole rather than just New gTLDs. There were immediate questions of feasibility in creating a large enough entity with enough backing to launch its efforts prior to the implementation of the first New gTLDs.<ref>[http://www.netnames.com/blog/2013/01/google-suggest-domain-industry-trade-association/ Google Suggest Domain Industry Trade Association, NetNames.com]</ref>
===Change in Google's Search Algorithm===
In May 2013, it appeared that '''Google''' was preparing for the new gTLD environment by updating its search algorithm in order to give weight in searches to ccTLDs. In the past, more weight has been given to the common [[.com]] and [[.org]] strings, among others.<ref>[http://dofonline.co.uk/index.php/strategic-finance/10038-google-inc-new-gtlds-435345?goback=%2Egde_1840166_member_238713378 Google Inc: GOOG alters algorithm in preparation for launch of new gTLDs, Director of Finance Online.co.uk]Retrieved 10 Sept 2013</ref><ref>[http://www.netnames.com/blog/2013/05/google-starts-to-prepare-us-for-the-world-of-the-new-gtlds/ Google Starts to Prepare Us for the World of the New gTLDs, NetNames.com]Retrieved 10 Sept 2013</ref>
==="Dotless" Domains Proposal===
Google's application for the [[.search]] new gTLD includes a proposal for a "dotless" TLD, which has been with significant objection from [[Microsoft]] and other companies.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/13376-microsoft-objects-to-googles-dotless-domains-plan Microsoft Objects to Google's Dotless domains plan, Domain Incite] Retrieved 20 Sept 2013</ref> An excerpt from Google's application explains the proposal:
"Charleston Road Registry will provide a service on the dotless search domain that will allow users to designate the search functionality of their choice and then perform queries that will automatically be redirected to the appropriate website. This facility should provide simple, consistent access to the userʹs preferred search functionality that does not exist today."<ref>[https://gtldresult.icann.org/application-result/applicationstatus/applicationdetails/1319 Application details, ICANN.org] Retrieved 20 Sept 2013</ref>
===Domain Name Association Membership===
Google became a member of the [[Domain Name Association]], an organization that promotes the domain name industry and includes [[Registrar]]s and [[Registry|Registries]] as its members.<ref>[http://thedna.org/members.html Members] ''TheDNA.org''; Retrieved 09 July 2014</ref>
==Issues==
===.ie Disruptions===
On October 9th, 2012, both Google and [[Yahoo!]] experienced prolonged disruptions in their services under the [[.ie]] [[ccTLD|country code top-level domain name]] (ccTLD). Technology.ie was the first party to report that Google's nameservers had experienced an "unauthorised change" that directed them to fraudulent nameservers in Indonesia.<ref name="sociable">[http://sociable.co/web/google-ie-and-yahoo-ie-unavailable-after-unauthorised-change-of-nameservers/ Google.ie and Yahoo.ie unavailable after "unauthorised change" to nameservers], Sociable.co. Published 9 October 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.</ref>
Though the Irish ccTLD registry, [[IEDR]], initially stated that "an unauthorised change was made to two .ie domains on an independent registrar’s account which resulted in a change of DNS nameservers", on November 9th, it stated that a further investigation confirmed that "neither the Registrar of the affected domains nor its systems had any responsibility for this incident." The registry further said that hackers probed its system for 25 days before breaking in via a vulnerability in its Joomla content management system, which enabled the attackers to access back-end databases and upload malicious PHP scripts.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/10965-iedr-admits-blame-for-hack-that-brought-down-google-and-yahoo IEDR admits blame for hack that brought down Google and Yahoo], DomainIncite.com. Published 9 November 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.</ref>
===Google & ITU===
The [[United Nations]]' [[ITU|International Telecommunication Union]] is holding the [[WCIT|World Conference on International Telecommunications]] (WCIT) in Dubai from December 3rd to December 14th, 2012. Government representatives from 178 nations around the world will be working to renegotiate the ''[[ITR|International Telecommunications Regulations]]'' (ITR), an information and communications treaty that outlines rules for how traffic should flow between telecom networks and how to calculate charges for traffic between different international carriers interfacing with one another. The treaty has not been updated since its signing in 1988.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-20429625 Google attacks UN's internet treaty conference], BBCNews.com. Published 22 November 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.</ref> Of the goals of the updated treaty, the ITU has said that it hopes to ensure "the free flow of information around the world, promoting affordable and equitable access for all and laying the foundation for ongoing innovation and market growth".<ref name="bbcnews-1">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-20445637 European Parliament warns against UN internet control], BBCNews.com. Published 22 November 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.</ref>
One of the treaty's possible impacts includes a change in internet governance structures, from regulation under a U.S.-based group like [[ICANN]] to a more global organization.<ref>[http://www.engadget.com/2012/11/22/google-says-itu-is-wrong-place-to-make-decisions-about-the-futu/ Google says ITU is 'the wrong place to make decisions about the future of the Internet'], Engadget.com. Published 22 November 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.</ref>
Google has been vocal about their opposition of ITU control of the internet and has launched a ''Take Action'' campaign in response. The ''Take Action'' website states, "A free and open world depends on a free and open Internet... But not all governments support the free and open internet.." They note that forty-two countries filter and censor content, and says of the December ITU meeting that, "Some of these governments are trying to use a closed-door meeting in December to regulate the internet... Proposed changes to the treaty could increase censorship and threaten innovation." Google's main criticisms of the ITU are that it is a "secretive" organization with confidential conferences and proposals, which are open only to governments and not to the general public. Google states that, "Internet policy should work like the Internet -- open and inclusive."<ref>[http://www.google.com/intl/en/takeaction/whats-at-stake/ Take Action], Google.com.</ref>
Other opponents include the European Parliament<ref name="bbcnews-1"></ref> and the U.S. Government<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-19106420 US resists control of internet passing to UN agency], BBCNews.com. Published 7 August 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.</ref> Proponents may include the Russian government, according to a leaked file from WCITLeaks.<ref name="bbcnews-1"></ref><ref>[http://files.wcitleaks.org/public/Russia%2040.pdf Russian Federation], WCITLeaks.org.</ref>
==First Investors==
==First Investors==
==References==
==References==
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[[Category: Companies]]
[[Category:Companies]]
[[Category:Sponsor]]
[[Category:DNA Members]]