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Though the Irish ccTLD registry, [[IEDR]], initially stated that "an unauthorised change was made to two .ie domains on an independent registrar’s account which resulted in a change of DNS nameservers", on November 9th, it stated that a further investigation confirmed that "neither the Registrar of the affected domains nor its systems had any responsibility for this incident." The registry further said that hackers probed its system for 25 days before breaking in via a vulnerability in its Joomla content management system, which enabled the attackers to access back-end databases and upload malicious PHP scripts.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/10965-iedr-admits-blame-for-hack-that-brought-down-google-and-yahoo IEDR admits blame for hack that brought down Google and Yahoo], DomainIncite.com. Published 9 November 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.</ref>
Though the Irish ccTLD registry, [[IEDR]], initially stated that "an unauthorised change was made to two .ie domains on an independent registrar’s account which resulted in a change of DNS nameservers", on November 9th, it stated that a further investigation confirmed that "neither the Registrar of the affected domains nor its systems had any responsibility for this incident." The registry further said that hackers probed its system for 25 days before breaking in via a vulnerability in its Joomla content management system, which enabled the attackers to access back-end databases and upload malicious PHP scripts.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/10965-iedr-admits-blame-for-hack-that-brought-down-google-and-yahoo IEDR admits blame for hack that brought down Google and Yahoo], DomainIncite.com. Published 9 November 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2012.</ref>
===Google & ITU===
The [[ITU|International Telecommunication Union]] is holding a conference in December 2012 in Dubai, where representatives from varying governments around the world hope to create a new information and communications treaty. Included is the hope for a shift in internet governance structures, from being regulated by a U.S.-based group like [[ICANN]] to a more global organization.<ref>[http://www.engadget.com/2012/11/22/google-says-itu-is-wrong-place-to-make-decisions-about-the-futu/ Google says ITU is 'the wrong place to make decisions about the future of the Internet'], Engadget.com. Posted 22 November 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.</ref>
In protesting the proposed changes, Google launched a ''Take Action'' campaign that states that, "A free and open world depends on a free and open Internet... But not all governments support the free and open internet.." On their ''Take Action'' website, they list that forty-two countries filter and censor content, and mentions of the December ITU meeting that, "Some of these governments are trying to use a closed-door meeting in December to regulate the internet... Proposed changes to the treaty could increase censorship and threaten innovation." Google's main criticisms of the ITU are that it is a "secretive" organization with confidential conferences and proposals, which are open only to governments and not to the general public. Google states that, "Internet policy should work like the Internet -- open and inclusive."<ref>[http://www.google.com/intl/en/takeaction/whats-at-stake/ Take Action], Google.com.</ref>
==First Investors==
==First Investors==