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→Processes
==Processes==
==Processes==
===Functioning of the Internet===
===Functioning of the Internet===
* [[IANA]] – managing the DNS root zone, the .int registry, and the .arpa zone; coordinating and allocating the global IP respectively AS number space to Regional Internet Registries; and providing the main repository for number registries and protocol names.
* [[IANA]] – managing the DNS root zone, the .int registry, and the .arpa zone; coordinating and allocating the global IP respectively AS number space to Regional Internet Registries; and providing the main repository for number registries and protocol names.
* [[Internet governance]] – the development of norms and principles relating to how the Internet functions by a group of stakeholders including governments, organizations, and commissions and the regulation and administration of those principals by the parties involved.
* [[Internet governance]] – the development of norms and principles relating to how the Internet functions by a group of stakeholders including governments, organizations, and commissions and the regulation and administration of those principals by the parties involved.
* [[SRS]] – Ensuring a Shared Registry System means that an unlimited number of registrars may compete in the domain name registration business by using one shared registry.
* [[SRS]] – Ensuring a Shared Registry System means that an unlimited number of registrars may compete in the domain name registration business by using one shared registry.
===Mechanisms===
===Mechanisms===
* [[ICANN Accountability|Accountability Mechanisms]] – the four tools with which to review and reconsider ICANN’s actions included in the ICANN Bylaws (Empowered Community, Reconsideration, Independent Review Process, and Ombudsman).
* [[ICANN Accountability|Accountability Mechanisms]] – the four tools with which to review and reconsider ICANN’s actions included in the ICANN Bylaws (Empowered Community, Reconsideration, Independent Review Process, and Ombudsman).
* [[UDRP]] – The Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy is a set of ICANN guidelines for resolving disputes over domain name registration.
* [[UDRP]] – The Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy is a set of ICANN guidelines for resolving disputes over domain name registration.
* [[URS]] – The Uniform Rapid Suspension System provides trademark owners with a quick, low-cost process to take down websites that infringe on their intellectual property rights.
* [[URS]] – The Uniform Rapid Suspension System provides trademark owners with a quick, low-cost process to take down websites that infringe on their intellectual property rights.
===Practices===
===Practices===
* [[Data Escrow]] – storing data with a neutral third party in case of registry or registrar failure, accreditation termination, or accreditation relapse without renewal.
* [[Data Escrow]] – storing data with a neutral third party in case of registry or registrar failure, accreditation termination, or accreditation relapse without renewal.
* [[Net Neutrality]] – determining the degree to which Internet Service Providers can selectively promote certain Internet content and applications to their customers, whether through Zero-Rating, paid prioritization, or other means.
* [[Net Neutrality]] – determining the degree to which Internet Service Providers can selectively promote certain Internet content and applications to their customers, whether through Zero-Rating, paid prioritization, or other means.
* [[SEO]] – Search Engine Optimization is a process undertaken by webmasters to increase the number of visitors to a particular website by trying to move up its ranking on a search engine's search results page.
* [[SEO]] – Search Engine Optimization is a process undertaken by webmasters to increase the number of visitors to a particular website by trying to move up its ranking on a search engine's search results page.
* [[Spam]] Sending unsolicited bulk emails, with substantively identical content, to recipients who have not granted permission for the message to be sent.
* [[Vertical Integration]] – A single body handling the Registry Operator and the Registrar.
* [[Vertical Integration]] – A single body handling the Registry Operator and the Registrar.
====DNS Abuse ====
* [[Botnet Attacks]] – infecting Internet-connected computers with malware and commanding them to perform activities under the control of a remote administrator.
* [[Cybersquatting]] – attempting to profit by purchasing domain names made of marketable and trademark-related terms and later reselling or licensing those names back to the companies that developed the trademark
* [[DDoS Attack]] – flooding a victim site with incoming traffic that originates from many different sources, making it impossible to access the site or stop the attack by blocking a single source.
* [[DNS hijacking]] – redirecting victims to the attacker’s site instead of the one initially requested.
* [[DNS poisoning]] – causing a DNS resolver to respond with a false IP address bearing malicious code.
* [[Malware]] – installing malicious software, such as viruses, spyware, or ransomware, on a device without the user’s consent, to disrupt the device’s operations, gather sensitive information, or access private computer systems.
* [[Pharming]] – redirecting unknowing users to fraudulent sites or services through DNS hijacking or poisoning.
* [[Phishing]] – the acquisition of personal and financial information through deceptive means such as fraudulent emails, copies of legitimate websites, brand spoofing, and carding.
* [[Typosquatting]] – the intentional registration of misspellings of popular website addresses to garner traffic; aka URL hijacking.
== Timeframes ==
== Timeframes ==