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Line 132: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − + − * [[ICANN Meetings]]+ + + − * [[World Summit on the Information Society]] – A two-phase, UN-sponsored conference, where heads of state and other high-profile leaders met to form the principles of an Information Society that would work for all; a WSIS forum continues to be held annually. − + + Line 113:
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Line 195: − + − + − + − + − * [[AfTLD]] –+ − * [[APNIC]] – the RIR for the Asia Pacific region.+ − * [[APTLD]] – the Association for ccTLD registries in the Asia Pacific region+ − * [[ARIN]] – the RIR for Canada, the United States, and some islands in the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean+ − * [[ASIP]] – a non-profit organization, based in Jordan, for developing and modernizing intellectual property laws and systems in Arab countries. − * [[CADNA]] – a non-profit organization dedicated to fighting against domain name abuse, particularly cybersquatting − * [[CENTR]] – the Council for European National Top Level Domain Registries is the association of European ccTLD registries. − * [[CORE]] – The Internet Council of Registrars is a non-profit organization formed in 1996 based on the gTLD-MoU to assist the launch of domain namespaces. − * [[EFF]] – The Electronic Frontier Foundation is a donor-funded non-profit organization that defends free speech, privacy, innovation, and consumer rights. − * [[FIRST]] – Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams − * [[ICANN]] – Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers is a global multistakeholder organization created by the U.S. Department of Commerce to coordinate the DNS, IP addresses, and autonomous system numbers and manage these evolving systems and their underlying protocols. − * [[IGF]] – A platform wherein stakeholders from industry, government, and civil society discuss issues related to Internet governance. − * [[ISOC]] – An international, non-profit organization that promotes Internet use and access. − * [[ISPAI]]– Internet Servers Providers Association of Ireland or Internet Service Providers Association India − * [[LACNIC]] – the RIR for Latin America and the Caribbean − * [[LACTLD]] – A nonprofit association of ccTLD registries in the Latin American and Caribbean region. − − * [[PTI]] – the organization responsible for the operation of the IANA Functions (coordinating the Internet's unique identifiers). − − * [[OASIS]] – A nonprofit, international consortium on advancing the development and adoption of open standards for structured information. − * [[Regional Internet Registry]] – a not-for-profit international organization that allocates IP address space (IPv4 and IPv6) and the Autonomous System numbers within a geographical region. − * [[RIPE NCC]] – the RIR for Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Central Asia − * [[RISG]] – The Registration Infrastructure Security Group is a non-profit organization for finding solutions and developing best practices for decreasing Internet security threats. − * [[US ISPA]] – United States Internet Service Providers Association − * [[WIPO]] - World Intellectual Property Organization, a UN agency that provides a global forum for intellectual property services, policies, and information. − * [[W3C]] An international industry consortium that develops protocols and guidelines to ensure the interoperability and growth of the World Wide Web. − − ==Policies== − − * [[Additional Whois Information Policy]] – − * [[Consensus Policies]] – ICANN-developed policies that accredited registrars and registry operators are required to follow. − * [[Expired Domain Deletion Policy]] – − * [[Expired Registration Recovery Policy]] – − * [[Inter-Registrar Transfer Policy]] – the policy developed by ICANN for the safe, straight-forward transfer of domain names from one registrar to another, dispute resolution, and undoing the transfer if it was done as a result of an error. − − * [[PEDNR]] – The Post-Expiration Domain Name Recovery policy is for registrants who wish to recover a domain name after it has already expired. − * [[Protection of IGO and INGO Identifier in All gTLDs Policy]] – − * [[Registry Registration Data Directory Services Consistent Labeling and Display Policy]] − * [[Registry Services Evaluation Policy]] – − * [[Restored Names Accuracy Policy]] – − * [[Statement of Registrar Accreditation Policy]] – − * [[TDRP]] – The Transfer Dispute Resolution Policy is a procedure for two registrars who have a dispute over Inter-Registrar domain name transfers. − * [[Thick RDDS Transition Policy]] – − * [[UDRP]] – The Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy is a set of ICANN guidelines for resolving disputes over domain name registration. − * [[Whois Data Reminder Policy]] – − * [[Whois Marketing Restriction Policy]] – Line 204:
Line 217: − ===Functioning of the Internet=== − * [[IANA]] – managing the DNS root zone, the .int registry, and the .arpa zone; coordinating and allocating the global IP respectively AS number space to Regional Internet Registries; and providing the main repository for number registries and protocol names. − * [[IANA Functions Stewardship Transition]] – a process and community discussion regarding the United States government's NTIA's provision of the IANA functions to the global Internet community, spearheaded by ICANN. − * [[Internet governance]] – the development of norms and principles relating to how the Internet functions by a group of stakeholders including governments, organizations, and commissions and the regulation and administration of those principals by the parties involved. − * [[Internet Standards Process]] the IETF-recommended process that a specification undergoes involving developments, iterations of review, revision, and ultimately adoption and publication. − * [[Name Resolution]] The process of transforming a domain name to its corresponding IP address. − * [[SRS]] – Ensuring a Shared Registry System means that an unlimited number of registrars may compete in the domain name registration business by using one shared registry. − − * [[ICANN Accountability|Accountability Mechanisms]] – the four tools with which to review and reconsider ICANN’s actions included in the ICANN Bylaws (Empowered Community, Reconsideration, Independent Review Process, and Ombudsman). − * [[ADR]] – an Alternative Dispute Resolution is a process for helping parties under dispute resolve their argument without filing any litigation. Line 222:
Line 225: − * [[PDDRP]] – a mechanism for trademark owners to take any infringement concerns straight to the registry, bypassing the domain name holder and registrar. − * [[Public Interest Commitment Dispute Resolution Procedure]] – option for registries in violation of the 2013 Registry Agreement Specification 11 or Public Interest Commitments. − * [[Reconsideration]] – A process by which any person or entity materially affected by the ICANN Board or organization can request that the ICANN Board review the (in)action in question. − * [[RRDRP]] – Registration Restriction Dispute Resolution Procedure + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Line 249:
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Line 299: + − * [[URS]] – The Uniform Rapid Suspension System provides trademark owners with a quick, low-cost process to take down websites that infringe on their intellectual property rights.
→Concepts
==Communities of Practice==
==Communities of Practice==
* [[GA]] – the General Assembly Mailing List is an open forum for participation for the GNSO.
* [[GA]] – the General Assembly Mailing List is an open forum for participation for the GNSO.
* [[ICANN Bodies]] – The structures that comprise the corporation that runs the technical operations of DNS resources and defines policies for how the names and numbers of the Internet should run.
* [[ICANN Bodies]] – The structures that comprise the corporation that runs the technical operations of DNS resources and defines policies for how the names and numbers of the Internet should run.
* [[ICANN Studienkreis]] – an open network of experts dedicated to organizing high-level seminars on Internet industry and governance
* [[ICANN Studienkreis]] – an open network of experts dedicated to organizing high-level seminars on Internet industry and governance
* [[IESG]] – the Internet Engineering Steering Group oversees the technical management of the IETF.
* [[IESG]] – the Internet Engineering Steering Group oversees the technical management of the IETF.
* [[MAG]] – The Multistakeholder Advisory Group was established by UN Secretary General Kofi Annan on May 17, 2006, to help him set-up the [[Internet Governance Forum]]
* [[MAG]] – The Multistakeholder Advisory Group was established by UN Secretary General Kofi Annan on May 17, 2006, to help him set-up the Internet Governance Forum
* [[PAB]] – The gTLD Policy Advisory Body comprising the signatories of the MoU, which was created along with the CORE and POC, to represent the voices of Internet stakeholders.
* [[PAB]] – The gTLD Policy Advisory Body comprising the signatories of the MoU, which was created along with the CORE and POC, to represent the voices of Internet stakeholders.
* [[RIPE]] – Reseaux IP Europeens is an open forum on the technical development of the Internet in Europe and abroad.
* [[RIPE]] – Reseaux IP Europeens is an open forum on the technical development of the Internet in Europe and abroad.
* [[OSC]] – GNSO Operations Steering Committee
* [[OSC]] – GNSO Operations Steering Committee
* [[SIC]] – The Structural Improvements Committee reviews policies and provides oversight, as part of ICANN's ongoing organizational review process.
* [[SIC]] – The Structural Improvements Committee reviews policies and provides oversight, as part of ICANN's ongoing organizational review process.
===Organizations===
* [[AFRINIC]] – the RIR for Africa and the Indian Ocean
* [[AfTLD]] –
* [[APNIC]] – the RIR for the Asia Pacific region.
* [[APTLD]] – the Association for ccTLD registries in the Asia Pacific region
* [[ARIN]] – the RIR for Canada, the United States, and some islands in the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean
* [[ASIP]] – a non-profit organization, based in Jordan, for developing and modernizing intellectual property laws and systems in Arab countries.
* [[CADNA]] – a non-profit organization dedicated to fighting against domain name abuse, particularly cybersquatting
* [[CENTR]] – the Council for European National Top Level Domain Registries is the association of European ccTLD registries.
* [[CORE]] – The Internet Council of Registrars is a non-profit organization formed in 1996 based on the gTLD-MoU to assist the launch of domain namespaces.
* [[EFF]] – The Electronic Frontier Foundation is a donor-funded non-profit organization that defends free speech, privacy, innovation, and consumer rights.
* [[FIRST]] – Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams
* [[ICANN]] – Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers is a global multistakeholder organization created by the U.S. Department of Commerce to coordinate the DNS, IP addresses, and autonomous system numbers and manage these evolving systems and their underlying protocols.
* [[IGF]] – A platform wherein stakeholders from industry, government, and civil society discuss issues related to Internet governance.
* [[ISOC]] – An international, non-profit organization that promotes Internet use and access.
* [[ISPAI]]– Internet Servers Providers Association of Ireland or Internet Service Providers Association India
* [[LACNIC]] – the RIR for Latin America and the Caribbean
* [[LACTLD]] – A nonprofit association of ccTLD registries in the Latin American and Caribbean region.
* [[NTIA]] – National Telecommunications and Information Administration is the US Dept of Commerce agency responsible for advising the Executive Branch on telecommunications and information policy issues.
* [[PTI]] – the organization responsible for the operation of the IANA Functions (coordinating the Internet's unique identifiers).
* [[OECD]] – The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development provides a forum where governments collaborate to find solutions to problems they have in common.
* [[OASIS]] – A nonprofit, international consortium on advancing the development and adoption of open standards for structured information.
* [[Regional Internet Registry]] – a not-for-profit international organization that allocates IP address space (IPv4 and IPv6) and the Autonomous System numbers within a geographical region.
* [[RIPE NCC]] – the RIR for Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Central Asia
* [[RISG]] – The Registration Infrastructure Security Group is a non-profit organization for finding solutions and developing best practices for decreasing Internet security threats.
* [[US ISPA]] – United States Internet Service Providers Association
* [[WIPO]] - World Intellectual Property Organization, a UN agency that provides a global forum for intellectual property services, policies, and information.
* [[W3C]] An international industry consortium that develops protocols and guidelines to ensure the interoperability and growth of the World Wide Web.
===Panels===
===Panels===
* [[Communications and Coordination Work Team]] – GNSO team for developing proposals for the Council in response to recommendations made by the BGC WG.
* [[Communications and Coordination Work Team]] – GNSO team for developing proposals for the Council in response to recommendations made by the BGC WG.
* [[DT]] – A Drafting Team is established by the GNSO to advise ICANN staff and Council members on amendments to the Registrar Accreditation Agreement
* [[DT]] – A Drafting Team is established by the GNSO to advise ICANN staff and Council members on amendments to the Registrar Accreditation Agreement
* [[GCOT]]– the GNSO team for identifying areas for review to best seat a new Council and gather OSC feedback
* [[GCOT]] – the GNSO team for identifying areas for review to best seat a new Council and gather OSC feedback
* [[IRT]] The Implementation Recommendation Team is an Intellectual Property Constituency-created group of consumer protection and trademark law experts.
* [[IRT]] – The Implementation Recommendation Team is an Intellectual Property Constituency-created group of consumer protection and trademark law experts.
* [[PPFT]] Policy Proposal Facilitator Team is appointed by the ASO AC to determine whether proposals require IANA actions.
* [[PPFT]] – Policy Proposal Facilitator Team is appointed by the ASO AC to determine whether proposals require IANA actions.
===Working Groups===
===Working Groups===
==Concepts==
==Concepts==
* [[End-to-end connectivity]] –
* [[Multistakeholder Model]] – approach to governance or policymaking that brings together the primary stakeholders, such as businesses, civil society, governments, research institutions, and non-government organizations, to engage in the dialogue, decision-making, and implementation of solutions to common problems or goals.
* [[Multistakeholder Model]] – approach to governance or policymaking that brings together the primary stakeholders, such as businesses, civil society, governments, research institutions, and non-government organizations, to engage in the dialogue, decision-making, and implementation of solutions to common problems or goals.
* [[Net Neutrality]] – determining the degree to which Internet Service Providers can selectively promote certain Internet content and applications to their customers, whether through Zero-Rating, paid prioritization, or other means.
* [[Net Neutrality]] – determining the degree to which Internet Service Providers can selectively promote certain Internet content and applications to their customers, whether through Zero-Rating, paid prioritization, or other means.
* [[Open Data Initiative]] – providing open access to raw data for the ICANN community
* [[Open Data Initiative]] – providing open access to raw data for the ICANN community
* [[SSR|Resiliency]] – the capacity of Internet Identifier Systems to withstand, tolerate, or survive attacks or other disruptions without interruption or cessation of service.
* [[Right to Be Forgotten]] – (aka Article 17 of the GDPR) refers to a subject's right to obligate the controller of the data in question the erasure of personal information without undue delay.
* [[Right to Be Forgotten]] – (aka Article 17 of the GDPR) refers to a subject's right to obligate the controller of the data in question the erasure of personal information without undue delay.
* [[SSR|Security]] – the capacity to protect Internet Identifier Systems and prevent misuse.
* [[Social Engineering]] the exploitation of people’s inclinations to trust and help others, often in aid of DNS abuse.
* [[SSR|Stability]] – the capacity to ensure that Internet Identifier Systems operate and user confidence them.
* [[Universal Acceptance]] – The principle of accepting, validating, storing, processing, and displaying all domain names and email addresses evenly across all applications, devices, and systems.
* [[Universal Acceptance]] – The principle of accepting, validating, storing, processing, and displaying all domain names and email addresses evenly across all applications, devices, and systems.
* [[Universal Access]] – the concept that top-level domain names are accessible globally through any internet browser, server, email client, and computer program.
* [[Universal Access]] – the concept that top-level domain names are accessible globally through any internet browser, server, email client, and computer program.
* [[MoU]] – a legal document of agreement between two or more parties. It is not completely obligatory like a legal contract is, but it is more powerful and legitimate than the earlier "gentleman’s agreement."
* [[MoU]] – a legal document of agreement between two or more parties. It is not completely obligatory like a legal contract is, but it is more powerful and legitimate than the earlier "gentleman’s agreement."
* [[NOIF]] – a Notice of Intent to form a new GNSO constituency.
* [[NOIF]] – a Notice of Intent to form a new GNSO constituency.
* [[Petition]] A notice that the Empowered Community uses to raise a formal objection to the ICANN Board's (in)action.
* [[Petition]] – A notice that the Empowered Community uses to raise a formal objection to the ICANN Board's (in)action.
* [[RFC]] – A Request For Comments is a series of organizational and technical documents containing specifications and policies pertaining to aspects of the Internet, such as computer networking, protocols, procedures, programs, and concepts, meeting notes, and opinions that have been prepared by the ISOC, particularly its Internet Engineering Task Force, the Internet Architecture Board, or the Internet Research Task Force.
* [[RFC]] – A Request For Comments is a series of organizational and technical documents containing specifications and policies pertaining to aspects of the Internet, such as computer networking, protocols, procedures, programs, and concepts, meeting notes, and opinions that have been prepared by the ISOC, particularly its Internet Engineering Task Force, the Internet Architecture Board, or the Internet Research Task Force.
* [[Registrar Accreditation Agreement]] – the contract that governs the relationship between ICANN and its accredited registrars.
* [[Registrar Accreditation Agreement]] – the contract that governs the relationship between ICANN and its accredited registrars.
* [[TOR]] – Terms of Reference are a drafted set of questions that act as the basis for an internal or independent review of an organization within ICANN or a new feature to be released by ICANN.
* [[TOR]] – Terms of Reference are a drafted set of questions that act as the basis for an internal or independent review of an organization within ICANN or a new feature to be released by ICANN.
* [[White Paper]] – an official government report prepared by an individual or a group of individuals who conducted relevant research on particular issues; the document that set the stage for the incorporation of ICANN.
* [[White Paper]] – an official government report prepared by an individual or a group of individuals who conducted relevant research on particular issues; the document that set the stage for the incorporation of ICANN.
===Policies===
* [[Add Grace Period Limits Policy]] – an ICANN-Accredited registrar shan't receive a refund on domain names deleted during the AGP that were above 10% of the registrar's net new registrations in that month, or 50 domain names.
* [[Additional Whois Information Policy]] –
* [[Consensus Policies]] – ICANN-developed policies that accredited registrars and registry operators are required to follow.
* [[Expired Domain Deletion Policy]] –
* [[Expired Registration Recovery Policy]] –
* [[Inter-Registrar Transfer Policy]] – the policy developed by ICANN for the safe, straight-forward transfer of domain names from one registrar to another, dispute resolution, and undoing the transfer if it was done as a result of an error.
* [[Interim Registration Data Policy for gTLDs]] –
* [[PEDNR]] – The Post-Expiration Domain Name Recovery policy is for registrants who wish to recover a domain name after it has already expired.
* [[Protection of IGO and INGO Identifier in All gTLDs Policy]] –
* [[Registry Registration Data Directory Services Consistent Labeling and Display Policy]]
* [[Registry Services Evaluation Policy]] –
* [[Restored Names Accuracy Policy]] –
* [[Statement of Registrar Accreditation Policy]] –
* [[TDRP]] – The Transfer Dispute Resolution Policy is a procedure for two registrars who have a dispute over Inter-Registrar domain name transfers.
* [[Thick RDDS Transition Policy]] –
* [[Whois Data Reminder Policy]] –
* [[Whois Marketing Restriction Policy]] –
==Events==
==Events==
* [[AGM]]
* [[World Summit on the Information Society]] – A two-phase, UN-sponsored conference, where heads of state and other high-profile leaders met to form the principles of an Information Society that would work for all; a WSIS forum continues to be held annually.
===[[ICANN Meetings]]===
* [[AGM]]
* [[Policy Forum]] – The second in ICANN’s three-meeting annual cycle, focusing on policy and advice development work.
* [[Policy Forum]] – The second in ICANN’s three-meeting annual cycle, focusing on policy and advice development work.
==Internet Architecture==
==Internet==
===Architecture===
* [[ARPANET]] – the first wide-area packet-switching network with distributed control to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite; the technical foundation of the Internet.
* [[ARPANET]] – the first wide-area packet-switching network with distributed control to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite; the technical foundation of the Internet.
* [[Autonomous System Numbers]] – globally unique numbers and a significant part of the Internet routing architecture.
* [[Autonomous System Numbers]] – globally unique numbers and a significant part of the Internet routing architecture.
* [[URL]] – a Uniform Resource Locator consists of a protocol that tells the web browser how to retrieve the file or resource; the domain name that identifies the specific web server on the Internet where the file is stored; and a pathname that is a hierarchical description that specifies the location of the particular file on the computer.
* [[URL]] – a Uniform Resource Locator consists of a protocol that tells the web browser how to retrieve the file or resource; the domain name that identifies the specific web server on the Internet where the file is stored; and a pathname that is a hierarchical description that specifies the location of the particular file on the computer.
===Protocols===
====Protocols====
* [[DNSSEC]] – extensions that enable communication authentication between hosts and DNS data, while ensuring data integrity.
* [[DNSSEC]] – extensions that enable communication authentication between hosts and DNS data, while ensuring data integrity.
* [[ENUM]] – Electronic Numbering is a protocol developed by the IETF's Telephone Number Mapping Working Group, which used DNS architecture and protocol to identify available services associated with E.164.
* [[ENUM]] – Electronic Numbering is a protocol developed by the IETF's Telephone Number Mapping Working Group, which used DNS architecture and protocol to identify available services associated with E.164.
* [[SSL]] – the cryptographic predecessor to Transport Layer Security (TLS) for providing communications security over a computer network.
* [[SSL]] – the cryptographic predecessor to Transport Layer Security (TLS) for providing communications security over a computer network.
* [[TCP/IP]] – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (aka Internet Protocol Suite) serves as the industry standard in connecting networks to networks.
* [[TCP/IP]] – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (aka Internet Protocol Suite) serves as the industry standard in connecting networks to networks.
* [[TLS]] – the current cryptographic protocol enabling applications to communicate over the Internet securely.
* [[VoIP]] – the transmission of voice traffic over IP-based networks
* [[VoIP]] – the transmission of voice traffic over IP-based networks
* [[WHOIS]] – is a query and response protocol for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system.
* [[WHOIS]] – is a query and response protocol for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system.
===Strings===
====Strings====
* [[Domain Name]] – An identification string that represents an IP resource, such as a computer, website, or service.
* [[Domain Name]] – An identification string that represents an IP resource, such as a computer, website, or service.
* [[Generic String]] – a string consisting of a word or term that denominates or describes a general class of goods, services, groups, organizations, or things, as opposed to distinguishing a specific brand of goods, services, groups, organizations or things from those of others.
* [[Generic String]] – a string consisting of a word or term that denominates or describes a general class of goods, services, groups, organizations, or things, as opposed to distinguishing a specific brand of goods, services, groups, organizations or things from those of others.
* [[TLD]] – The Top Level Domain is the last part of a domain name; see the main article for more info on types of TLDs.
* [[TLD]] – The Top Level Domain is the last part of a domain name; see the main article for more info on types of TLDs.
==Internet Infrastructure==
===Infrastructure===
* [[IXP]] – an Internet Exchange Point (aka Network Access Point) is a physical point where different Internet service Providers meet to exchange their data and connect networks to form the Internet; without them, global wide-area networking would not be possible.
* [[IXP]] – an Internet Exchange Point (aka Network Access Point) is a physical point where different Internet service Providers meet to exchange their data and connect networks to form the Internet; without them, global wide-area networking would not be possible.
* [[Local Area Network]] – a network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus, or office building.
* [[Local Area Network]] – a network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus, or office building.
* [[Proxy server]] – an application or appliance that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from servers that provide those resources.
* [[Proxy server]] – an application or appliance that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from servers that provide those resources.
* [[Resolver]] server that initiates the queries that lead to the complete translation (resolution) of the information.
* [[Domain Name Resolvers]] the computers used by ISPs to respond to a user request to resolve a domain name, that is, to translate it into an IP Address.
* [[Virtual Private Network]] – uses public network infrastructures to provide connection or communication services for users who are traveling or in remote areas.
* [[Virtual Private Network]] – uses public network infrastructures to provide connection or communication services for users who are traveling or in remote areas.
* [[Wide Area Network]] – a data communications network in which computers, separated by a distance of more than half a mile, can be connected.
* [[Wide Area Network]] – a data communications network in which computers, separated by a distance of more than half a mile, can be connected.
* [[XRI]] – A scheme and resolution protocol for abstract identifiers compatible with Uniform Resource Identifiers and Internationalized Resource Identifiers
* [[XRI]] – A scheme and resolution protocol for abstract identifiers compatible with Uniform Resource Identifiers and Internationalized Resource Identifiers
==Organizations==
===Operations===
* [[AFRINIC]] – the RIR for Africa and the Indian Ocean
* [[IANA]] – managing the DNS root zone, the .int registry, and the .arpa zone; coordinating and allocating the global IP respectively AS number space to Regional Internet Registries; and providing the main repository for number registries and protocol names.
* [[IANA Functions Stewardship Transition]] – a process and community discussion regarding the United States government's NTIA's provision of the IANA functions to the global Internet community, spearheaded by ICANN.
* [[Internet governance]] – the development of norms and principles relating to how the Internet functions by a group of stakeholders including governments, organizations, and commissions and the regulation and administration of those principals by the parties involved.
* [[Internet Standards Process]] the IETF-recommended process that a specification undergoes involving developments, iterations of review, revision, and ultimately adoption and publication.
* [[Name Resolution]] – The process of transforming a domain name to its corresponding IP address.
* [[NTIA]] – National Telecommunications and Information Administration is the US Dept of Commerce agency responsible for advising the Executive Branch on telecommunications and information policy issues.
* [[OECD]] – The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development provides a forum where governments collaborate to find solutions to problems they have in common.
* [[Add Grace Period Limits Policy]] – an ICANN-Accredited registrar shan't receive a refund on domain names deleted during the AGP that were above 10% of the registrar's net new registrations in that month, or 50 domain names.
* [[Interim Registration Data Policy for gTLDs]] –
==Problems==
==Problems==
==Processes==
==Processes==
===Mechanisms===
===Mechanisms===
* [[Batching]] – ICANN's process for dividing applications for the new gTLD program into batches.
* [[Batching]] – ICANN's process for dividing applications for the new gTLD program into batches.
* [[Delegation]] – the process of entering a new TLD into the Root Zone of the Internet.
* [[Delegation]] – the process of entering a new TLD into the Root Zone of the Internet.
* [[Organizational Review]]s – the periodic, independent assessment of the performance and operation of ICANN's SOs, ACs, and NomCom.
* [[Organizational Review]]s – the periodic, independent assessment of the performance and operation of ICANN's SOs, ACs, and NomCom.
* [[PDP]] – the steps an ICANN Supporting Organization takes to fulfill its objectives, generate its guidelines, and structure its actions for recommendation to the ICANN Board.
* [[PDP]] – the steps an ICANN Supporting Organization takes to fulfill its objectives, generate its guidelines, and structure its actions for recommendation to the ICANN Board.
* [[Pre-Delegation Testing]] – a process allowing ICANN to determine whether registries meet the specific technical and operational requirements to maintain a new gTLD.
* [[Pre-Delegation Testing]] – a process allowing ICANN to determine whether registries meet the specific technical and operational requirements to maintain a new gTLD.
* [[Public Comment]] – ICANN procedure for seeking opinions on proposals initiated by a working group or department.
* [[Public Comment]] – ICANN procedure for seeking opinions on proposals initiated by a working group or department.
* [[RSEP]] – ICANN process for screening and approving proposals made by gTLD operators for new registry services.
* [[RSEP]] – ICANN process for screening and approving proposals made by gTLD operators for new registry services.
* [[String Confusion Objection]] – process applicants of New gTLDs or owners of current gTLDs can file against other applications.
* [[String Confusion Objection]] – process applicants of New gTLDs or owners of current gTLDs can file against other applications.
====[[DRP|Dispute Resolutions]]====
* [[ADR]] – an Alternative Dispute Resolution is a process for helping parties under dispute resolve their argument without filing any litigation.
* [[Public Interest Commitment Dispute Resolution Procedure]] – option for registries in violation of the 2013 Registry Agreement Specification 11 or Public Interest Commitments.
* [[RRDRP]] – Registration Restriction Dispute Resolution Procedure
====[[ICANN Accountability|Accountability Mechanisms]]====
* [[Empowered Community]] – oversees the legal enforcement of the community powers of ICANN's Supporting Organizations (SOs) and Advisory Committees (ACs) under California law.
* [[IRP]] – the independent review process involves the third-party evaluation of actions, decisions, or resolutions made by the ICANN Board
* [[Ombudsman]] – the office that helps individuals engage in dispute resolutions, file complaints or take actions in response to ICANN staff, board or supporting organization decisions.
* [[Reconsideration]] – A process by which any person or entity materially affected by the ICANN Board or organization can request that the ICANN Board review the (in)action in question.
====[[Rights Protection Mechanism]]s====
* [[PDDRP]] – a mechanism for trademark owners to take any infringement concerns straight to the registry, bypassing the domain name holder and registrar.
* [[UDRP]] – The Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy is a set of ICANN guidelines for resolving disputes over domain name registration.
* [[URS]] – The Uniform Rapid Suspension System provides trademark owners with a quick, low-cost process to take down websites that infringe on their intellectual property rights.
===Practices===
===Practices===
====DNS Abuse====
====DNS Abuse====
* [[Botnet Attacks]] – infecting Internet-connected computers with malware and commanding them to perform activities under the control of a remote administrator.
* [[Botnet Attacks]] – infecting Internet-connected computers with malware and commanding them to perform activities under the control of a remote administrator.
* [[cache poisoning]] – causing a DNS resolver to respond with a false IP address bearing malicious code.
* [[Cache Poisoning]] – causing a DNS resolver to respond with a false IP address bearing malicious code.
* [[Cybersquatting]] – attempting to profit by purchasing domain names made of marketable and trademark-related terms and later reselling or licensing those names back to the companies that developed the trademark
* [[Cybersquatting]] – attempting to profit by purchasing domain names made of marketable and trademark-related terms and later reselling or licensing those names back to the companies that developed the trademark
* [[DDoS Attack]] – flooding a victim site with incoming traffic that originates from many different sources, making it impossible to access the site or stop the attack by blocking a single source.
* [[DDoS Attack]] – flooding a victim site with incoming traffic that originates from many different sources, making it impossible to access the site or stop the attack by blocking a single source.
* [[DNS hijacking]] – redirecting victims to the attacker’s site instead of the one initially requested.
* [[DNS Hijacking]] – redirecting victims to the attacker’s site instead of the one initially requested.
* [[Domain Kiting]] – returning a name just before the five-day period expires and re-registering it again as soon as it becomes available.
* [[Domain Kiting]] – returning a name just before the five-day period expires and re-registering it again as soon as it becomes available.
* [[Malware]] – installing malicious software, such as viruses, spyware, or ransomware, on a device without the user’s consent, to disrupt the device’s operations, gather sensitive information, or access private computer systems.
* [[Malware]] – installing malicious software, such as viruses, spyware, or ransomware, on a device without the user’s consent, to disrupt the device’s operations, gather sensitive information, or access private computer systems.
* [[DNS]] – The system responsible for translating between alphanumeric domain names and IP Addresses.
* [[DNS]] – The system responsible for translating between alphanumeric domain names and IP Addresses.
* [[DAAR]] – Domain Abuse Activity Reporting System run by ICANN to monitor TLD activity.
* [[DAAR]] – Domain Abuse Activity Reporting System run by ICANN to monitor TLD activity.
* [[SRS]] – A system that enables multiple registrars to update the same registry simultaneously.
* [[TAS]] – the official online application system implemented by ICANN.
* [[TAS]] – the official online application system implemented by ICANN.
== Timeframes ==
== Timeframes ==