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Line 209: − + − * [[SRS]] – Ensuring a Shared Registry System means that an unlimited number of registrars may compete in the domain name registration business by using one shared registry. − − ==Policies== − * [[Add Grace Period Limits Policy]] – an ICANN-Accredited registrar shan't receive a refund on domain names deleted during the AGP that were above 10% of the registrar's net new registrations in that month, or 50 domain names. − * [[Additional Whois Information Policy]] – − * [[Consensus Policies]] – ICANN-developed policies that accredited registrars and registry operators are required to follow. − * [[Expired Domain Deletion Policy]] – − * [[Expired Registration Recovery Policy]] – − * [[Inter-Registrar Transfer Policy]] – the policy developed by ICANN for the safe, straight-forward transfer of domain names from one registrar to another, dispute resolution, and undoing the transfer if it was done as a result of an error. − * [[Interim Registration Data Policy for gTLDs]] – − * [[PEDNR]] – The Post-Expiration Domain Name Recovery policy is for registrants who wish to recover a domain name after it has already expired. − * [[Protection of IGO and INGO Identifier in All gTLDs Policy]] – − * [[Registry Registration Data Directory Services Consistent Labeling and Display Policy]] − * [[Registry Services Evaluation Policy]] – − * [[Restored Names Accuracy Policy]] – − * [[Statement of Registrar Accreditation Policy]] – − * [[TDRP]] – The Transfer Dispute Resolution Policy is a procedure for two registrars who have a dispute over Inter-Registrar domain name transfers. − * [[Thick RDDS Transition Policy]] – − * [[UDRP]] – The Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy is a set of ICANN guidelines for resolving disputes over domain name registration. − * [[Whois Data Reminder Policy]] – − * [[Whois Marketing Restriction Policy]] – Line 216:
Line 218: − * [[ICANN Accountability|Accountability Mechanisms]] – the four tools with which to review and reconsider ICANN’s actions included in the ICANN Bylaws (Empowered Community, Reconsideration, Independent Review Process, and Ombudsman). − * [[ADR]] – an Alternative Dispute Resolution is a process for helping parties under dispute resolve their argument without filing any litigation. Line 225:
Line 225: − * [[PDDRP]] – a mechanism for trademark owners to take any infringement concerns straight to the registry, bypassing the domain name holder and registrar. − * [[Public Interest Commitment Dispute Resolution Procedure]] – option for registries in violation of the 2013 Registry Agreement Specification 11 or Public Interest Commitments. − * [[Reconsideration]] – A process by which any person or entity materially affected by the ICANN Board or organization can request that the ICANN Board review the (in)action in question. − * [[RRDRP]] – Registration Restriction Dispute Resolution Procedure + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Line 252:
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Line 299: + − * [[URS]] – The Uniform Rapid Suspension System provides trademark owners with a quick, low-cost process to take down websites that infringe on their intellectual property rights.
→Concepts
==Communities of Practice==
==Communities of Practice==
* [[GA]] – the General Assembly Mailing List is an open forum for participation for the GNSO.
* [[GA]] – the General Assembly Mailing List is an open forum for participation for the GNSO.
* [[ICANN Bodies]] – The structures that comprise the corporation that runs the technical operations of DNS resources and defines policies for how the names and numbers of the Internet should run.
* [[ICANN Bodies]] – The structures that comprise the corporation that runs the technical operations of DNS resources and defines policies for how the names and numbers of the Internet should run.
* [[ICANN Studienkreis]] – an open network of experts dedicated to organizing high-level seminars on Internet industry and governance
* [[ICANN Studienkreis]] – an open network of experts dedicated to organizing high-level seminars on Internet industry and governance
* [[Communications and Coordination Work Team]] – GNSO team for developing proposals for the Council in response to recommendations made by the BGC WG.
* [[Communications and Coordination Work Team]] – GNSO team for developing proposals for the Council in response to recommendations made by the BGC WG.
* [[DT]] – A Drafting Team is established by the GNSO to advise ICANN staff and Council members on amendments to the Registrar Accreditation Agreement
* [[DT]] – A Drafting Team is established by the GNSO to advise ICANN staff and Council members on amendments to the Registrar Accreditation Agreement
* [[GCOT]]– the GNSO team for identifying areas for review to best seat a new Council and gather OSC feedback
* [[GCOT]] – the GNSO team for identifying areas for review to best seat a new Council and gather OSC feedback
* [[IRT]] The Implementation Recommendation Team is an Intellectual Property Constituency-created group of consumer protection and trademark law experts.
* [[IRT]] – The Implementation Recommendation Team is an Intellectual Property Constituency-created group of consumer protection and trademark law experts.
* [[PPFT]] Policy Proposal Facilitator Team is appointed by the ASO AC to determine whether proposals require IANA actions.
* [[PPFT]] – Policy Proposal Facilitator Team is appointed by the ASO AC to determine whether proposals require IANA actions.
===Working Groups===
===Working Groups===
==Concepts==
==Concepts==
* [[End-to-end connectivity]] –
* [[Multistakeholder Model]] – approach to governance or policymaking that brings together the primary stakeholders, such as businesses, civil society, governments, research institutions, and non-government organizations, to engage in the dialogue, decision-making, and implementation of solutions to common problems or goals.
* [[Multistakeholder Model]] – approach to governance or policymaking that brings together the primary stakeholders, such as businesses, civil society, governments, research institutions, and non-government organizations, to engage in the dialogue, decision-making, and implementation of solutions to common problems or goals.
* [[Net Neutrality]] – determining the degree to which Internet Service Providers can selectively promote certain Internet content and applications to their customers, whether through Zero-Rating, paid prioritization, or other means.
* [[Net Neutrality]] – determining the degree to which Internet Service Providers can selectively promote certain Internet content and applications to their customers, whether through Zero-Rating, paid prioritization, or other means.
* [[Open Data Initiative]] – providing open access to raw data for the ICANN community
* [[Open Data Initiative]] – providing open access to raw data for the ICANN community
* [[SSR|Resiliency]] – the capacity of Internet Identifier Systems to withstand, tolerate, or survive attacks or other disruptions without interruption or cessation of service.
* [[Right to Be Forgotten]] – (aka Article 17 of the GDPR) refers to a subject's right to obligate the controller of the data in question the erasure of personal information without undue delay.
* [[Right to Be Forgotten]] – (aka Article 17 of the GDPR) refers to a subject's right to obligate the controller of the data in question the erasure of personal information without undue delay.
* [[SSR|Security]] – the capacity to protect Internet Identifier Systems and prevent misuse.
* [[Social Engineering]] the exploitation of people’s inclinations to trust and help others, often in aid of DNS abuse.
* [[SSR|Stability]] – the capacity to ensure that Internet Identifier Systems operate and user confidence them.
* [[Universal Acceptance]] – The principle of accepting, validating, storing, processing, and displaying all domain names and email addresses evenly across all applications, devices, and systems.
* [[Universal Acceptance]] – The principle of accepting, validating, storing, processing, and displaying all domain names and email addresses evenly across all applications, devices, and systems.
* [[Universal Access]] – the concept that top-level domain names are accessible globally through any internet browser, server, email client, and computer program.
* [[Universal Access]] – the concept that top-level domain names are accessible globally through any internet browser, server, email client, and computer program.
* [[MoU]] – a legal document of agreement between two or more parties. It is not completely obligatory like a legal contract is, but it is more powerful and legitimate than the earlier "gentleman’s agreement."
* [[MoU]] – a legal document of agreement between two or more parties. It is not completely obligatory like a legal contract is, but it is more powerful and legitimate than the earlier "gentleman’s agreement."
* [[NOIF]] – a Notice of Intent to form a new GNSO constituency.
* [[NOIF]] – a Notice of Intent to form a new GNSO constituency.
* [[Petition]] A notice that the Empowered Community uses to raise a formal objection to the ICANN Board's (in)action.
* [[Petition]] – A notice that the Empowered Community uses to raise a formal objection to the ICANN Board's (in)action.
* [[RFC]] – A Request For Comments is a series of organizational and technical documents containing specifications and policies pertaining to aspects of the Internet, such as computer networking, protocols, procedures, programs, and concepts, meeting notes, and opinions that have been prepared by the ISOC, particularly its Internet Engineering Task Force, the Internet Architecture Board, or the Internet Research Task Force.
* [[RFC]] – A Request For Comments is a series of organizational and technical documents containing specifications and policies pertaining to aspects of the Internet, such as computer networking, protocols, procedures, programs, and concepts, meeting notes, and opinions that have been prepared by the ISOC, particularly its Internet Engineering Task Force, the Internet Architecture Board, or the Internet Research Task Force.
* [[Registrar Accreditation Agreement]] – the contract that governs the relationship between ICANN and its accredited registrars.
* [[Registrar Accreditation Agreement]] – the contract that governs the relationship between ICANN and its accredited registrars.
* [[TOR]] – Terms of Reference are a drafted set of questions that act as the basis for an internal or independent review of an organization within ICANN or a new feature to be released by ICANN.
* [[TOR]] – Terms of Reference are a drafted set of questions that act as the basis for an internal or independent review of an organization within ICANN or a new feature to be released by ICANN.
* [[White Paper]] – an official government report prepared by an individual or a group of individuals who conducted relevant research on particular issues; the document that set the stage for the incorporation of ICANN.
* [[White Paper]] – an official government report prepared by an individual or a group of individuals who conducted relevant research on particular issues; the document that set the stage for the incorporation of ICANN.
===Policies===
* [[Add Grace Period Limits Policy]] – an ICANN-Accredited registrar shan't receive a refund on domain names deleted during the AGP that were above 10% of the registrar's net new registrations in that month, or 50 domain names.
* [[Additional Whois Information Policy]] –
* [[Consensus Policies]] – ICANN-developed policies that accredited registrars and registry operators are required to follow.
* [[Expired Domain Deletion Policy]] –
* [[Expired Registration Recovery Policy]] –
* [[Inter-Registrar Transfer Policy]] – the policy developed by ICANN for the safe, straight-forward transfer of domain names from one registrar to another, dispute resolution, and undoing the transfer if it was done as a result of an error.
* [[Interim Registration Data Policy for gTLDs]] –
* [[PEDNR]] – The Post-Expiration Domain Name Recovery policy is for registrants who wish to recover a domain name after it has already expired.
* [[Protection of IGO and INGO Identifier in All gTLDs Policy]] –
* [[Registry Registration Data Directory Services Consistent Labeling and Display Policy]]
* [[Registry Services Evaluation Policy]] –
* [[Restored Names Accuracy Policy]] –
* [[Statement of Registrar Accreditation Policy]] –
* [[TDRP]] – The Transfer Dispute Resolution Policy is a procedure for two registrars who have a dispute over Inter-Registrar domain name transfers.
* [[Thick RDDS Transition Policy]] –
* [[Whois Data Reminder Policy]] –
* [[Whois Marketing Restriction Policy]] –
==Events==
==Events==
* [[SSL]] – the cryptographic predecessor to Transport Layer Security (TLS) for providing communications security over a computer network.
* [[SSL]] – the cryptographic predecessor to Transport Layer Security (TLS) for providing communications security over a computer network.
* [[TCP/IP]] – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (aka Internet Protocol Suite) serves as the industry standard in connecting networks to networks.
* [[TCP/IP]] – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (aka Internet Protocol Suite) serves as the industry standard in connecting networks to networks.
* [[TLS]] – the current cryptographic protocol enabling applications to communicate over the Internet securely.
* [[VoIP]] – the transmission of voice traffic over IP-based networks
* [[VoIP]] – the transmission of voice traffic over IP-based networks
* [[WHOIS]] – is a query and response protocol for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system.
* [[WHOIS]] – is a query and response protocol for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system.
* [[IXP]] – an Internet Exchange Point (aka Network Access Point) is a physical point where different Internet service Providers meet to exchange their data and connect networks to form the Internet; without them, global wide-area networking would not be possible.
* [[IXP]] – an Internet Exchange Point (aka Network Access Point) is a physical point where different Internet service Providers meet to exchange their data and connect networks to form the Internet; without them, global wide-area networking would not be possible.
* [[Local Area Network]] – a network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus, or office building.
* [[Local Area Network]] – a network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus, or office building.
* [[Proxy server]] – an application or appliance that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from servers that provide those resources.
* [[Proxy server]] – an application or appliance that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from servers that provide those resources.
* [[Resolver]] server that initiates the queries that lead to the complete translation (resolution) of the information.
* [[Domain Name Resolvers]] the computers used by ISPs to respond to a user request to resolve a domain name, that is, to translate it into an IP Address.
* [[Virtual Private Network]] – uses public network infrastructures to provide connection or communication services for users who are traveling or in remote areas.
* [[Virtual Private Network]] – uses public network infrastructures to provide connection or communication services for users who are traveling or in remote areas.
* [[Wide Area Network]] – a data communications network in which computers, separated by a distance of more than half a mile, can be connected.
* [[Wide Area Network]] – a data communications network in which computers, separated by a distance of more than half a mile, can be connected.
* [[Internet governance]] – the development of norms and principles relating to how the Internet functions by a group of stakeholders including governments, organizations, and commissions and the regulation and administration of those principals by the parties involved.
* [[Internet governance]] – the development of norms and principles relating to how the Internet functions by a group of stakeholders including governments, organizations, and commissions and the regulation and administration of those principals by the parties involved.
* [[Internet Standards Process]] the IETF-recommended process that a specification undergoes involving developments, iterations of review, revision, and ultimately adoption and publication.
* [[Internet Standards Process]] the IETF-recommended process that a specification undergoes involving developments, iterations of review, revision, and ultimately adoption and publication.
* [[Name Resolution]] The process of transforming a domain name to its corresponding IP address.
* [[Name Resolution]] – The process of transforming a domain name to its corresponding IP address.
==Problems==
==Problems==
==Processes==
==Processes==
===Mechanisms===
===Mechanisms===
* [[Batching]] – ICANN's process for dividing applications for the new gTLD program into batches.
* [[Batching]] – ICANN's process for dividing applications for the new gTLD program into batches.
* [[Delegation]] – the process of entering a new TLD into the Root Zone of the Internet.
* [[Delegation]] – the process of entering a new TLD into the Root Zone of the Internet.
* [[Organizational Review]]s – the periodic, independent assessment of the performance and operation of ICANN's SOs, ACs, and NomCom.
* [[Organizational Review]]s – the periodic, independent assessment of the performance and operation of ICANN's SOs, ACs, and NomCom.
* [[PDP]] – the steps an ICANN Supporting Organization takes to fulfill its objectives, generate its guidelines, and structure its actions for recommendation to the ICANN Board.
* [[PDP]] – the steps an ICANN Supporting Organization takes to fulfill its objectives, generate its guidelines, and structure its actions for recommendation to the ICANN Board.
* [[Pre-Delegation Testing]] – a process allowing ICANN to determine whether registries meet the specific technical and operational requirements to maintain a new gTLD.
* [[Pre-Delegation Testing]] – a process allowing ICANN to determine whether registries meet the specific technical and operational requirements to maintain a new gTLD.
* [[Public Comment]] – ICANN procedure for seeking opinions on proposals initiated by a working group or department.
* [[Public Comment]] – ICANN procedure for seeking opinions on proposals initiated by a working group or department.
* [[RSEP]] – ICANN process for screening and approving proposals made by gTLD operators for new registry services.
* [[RSEP]] – ICANN process for screening and approving proposals made by gTLD operators for new registry services.
* [[String Confusion Objection]] – process applicants of New gTLDs or owners of current gTLDs can file against other applications.
* [[String Confusion Objection]] – process applicants of New gTLDs or owners of current gTLDs can file against other applications.
====[[DRP|Dispute Resolutions]]====
* [[ADR]] – an Alternative Dispute Resolution is a process for helping parties under dispute resolve their argument without filing any litigation.
* [[Public Interest Commitment Dispute Resolution Procedure]] – option for registries in violation of the 2013 Registry Agreement Specification 11 or Public Interest Commitments.
* [[RRDRP]] – Registration Restriction Dispute Resolution Procedure
====[[ICANN Accountability|Accountability Mechanisms]]====
* [[Empowered Community]] – oversees the legal enforcement of the community powers of ICANN's Supporting Organizations (SOs) and Advisory Committees (ACs) under California law.
* [[IRP]] – the independent review process involves the third-party evaluation of actions, decisions, or resolutions made by the ICANN Board
* [[Ombudsman]] – the office that helps individuals engage in dispute resolutions, file complaints or take actions in response to ICANN staff, board or supporting organization decisions.
* [[Reconsideration]] – A process by which any person or entity materially affected by the ICANN Board or organization can request that the ICANN Board review the (in)action in question.
====[[Rights Protection Mechanism]]s====
* [[PDDRP]] – a mechanism for trademark owners to take any infringement concerns straight to the registry, bypassing the domain name holder and registrar.
* [[UDRP]] – The Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy is a set of ICANN guidelines for resolving disputes over domain name registration.
* [[URS]] – The Uniform Rapid Suspension System provides trademark owners with a quick, low-cost process to take down websites that infringe on their intellectual property rights.
===Practices===
===Practices===
====DNS Abuse====
====DNS Abuse====
* [[Botnet Attacks]] – infecting Internet-connected computers with malware and commanding them to perform activities under the control of a remote administrator.
* [[Botnet Attacks]] – infecting Internet-connected computers with malware and commanding them to perform activities under the control of a remote administrator.
* [[cache poisoning]] – causing a DNS resolver to respond with a false IP address bearing malicious code.
* [[Cache Poisoning]] – causing a DNS resolver to respond with a false IP address bearing malicious code.
* [[Cybersquatting]] – attempting to profit by purchasing domain names made of marketable and trademark-related terms and later reselling or licensing those names back to the companies that developed the trademark
* [[Cybersquatting]] – attempting to profit by purchasing domain names made of marketable and trademark-related terms and later reselling or licensing those names back to the companies that developed the trademark
* [[DDoS Attack]] – flooding a victim site with incoming traffic that originates from many different sources, making it impossible to access the site or stop the attack by blocking a single source.
* [[DDoS Attack]] – flooding a victim site with incoming traffic that originates from many different sources, making it impossible to access the site or stop the attack by blocking a single source.
* [[DNS hijacking]] – redirecting victims to the attacker’s site instead of the one initially requested.
* [[DNS Hijacking]] – redirecting victims to the attacker’s site instead of the one initially requested.
* [[Domain Kiting]] – returning a name just before the five-day period expires and re-registering it again as soon as it becomes available.
* [[Domain Kiting]] – returning a name just before the five-day period expires and re-registering it again as soon as it becomes available.
* [[Malware]] – installing malicious software, such as viruses, spyware, or ransomware, on a device without the user’s consent, to disrupt the device’s operations, gather sensitive information, or access private computer systems.
* [[Malware]] – installing malicious software, such as viruses, spyware, or ransomware, on a device without the user’s consent, to disrupt the device’s operations, gather sensitive information, or access private computer systems.
* [[DNS]] – The system responsible for translating between alphanumeric domain names and IP Addresses.
* [[DNS]] – The system responsible for translating between alphanumeric domain names and IP Addresses.
* [[DAAR]] – Domain Abuse Activity Reporting System run by ICANN to monitor TLD activity.
* [[DAAR]] – Domain Abuse Activity Reporting System run by ICANN to monitor TLD activity.
* [[SRS]] – A system that enables multiple registrars to update the same registry simultaneously.
* [[TAS]] – the official online application system implemented by ICANN.
* [[TAS]] – the official online application system implemented by ICANN.
== Timeframes ==
== Timeframes ==