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Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (view source)
Revision as of 16:14, 28 December 2020
, 3 years ago→IANA Contract
The '''Internet Assigned Numbers Authority''' is the entity that manages the allocation of global [[IP Address]]es, [[Root Zone|root zone]] management related to [[DNS]] (Domain Name System) and other Internet Protocols ([[IP]]).
The '''Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)''' is a department of ICANN that is responsible for maintaining the registries of the Internet's unique identifiers, which include [[domain name|domain names]], Protocol Parameters, and Internet numbers ([[IP Address|IP Addresses]] and [[Autonomous System Numbers]]).
IANA distributes blocks of [[IP]] addresses to the five (5) Regional Internet Registries ([[RIR]]s).
==Short overview==
==Short overview==
* '''[[ICANN]]''', based on the Memorandum of Understanding ([[MoU]]), is the institution which runs IANA.
* '''[[ICANN]]''', based on the Memorandum of Understanding ([[MoU]]), is the institution which runs IANA.
==IANA objectives==
==IANA Functions==
* Besides managing the [[DNS]] root zone, IANA also manages the .int registry, and the [[.arpa]] zone;
* Besides managing the [[DNS]] root zone, IANA also manages the .int registry, and the [[.arpa]] zone;
* Regarding number resources, IANA is entitled to coordinate the global IP respectively AS number space, allocating these to [[RIR]]s (Regional Internet Registries);
* Regarding number resources, IANA is entitled to coordinate the global IP respectively AS number space, allocating these to [[RIR]]s (Regional Internet Registries);
===IP Address===
===IP Address===
An IP address is a unique identifier assigned to every device connected to the Internet i.e PCs,tablets,smartphones, printers e.t.c.
IANA is responsible for the delegation of [[IP Address]]es to [[RIR]]s. In their turn, each [[RIR]] (Regional Internet Registry) is responsible for the allocation of IP addresses depending on the zone/area they are managing. In the same way, when a RIR requests for more IP Addresses for allocation, IANA evaluates the request and is able to make an additional allocation for [[RIR]]. <ref>[http://www.iana.org/numbers/ IANA IP Addresses]</ref>
IANA is responsible for the delegation of [[IP Address]]es to [[RIR]]s. In their turn, each [[RIR]] (Regional Internet Registry) is responsible for the allocation of IP addresses depending on the zone/area they are managing. In the same way, when a RIR requests for more IP Addresses for allocation, IANA evaluates the request and is able to make an additional allocation for [[RIR]]. <ref>[http://www.iana.org/numbers/ IANA IP Addresses]</ref>
==IANA Contract==
==IANA Contract==
Originally, the IANA functions were managed by the Information Sciences Institute (ISI) at the University of Southern California ([[USC]]) through the leadership of Dr. [[Jon Postel]] under a contract with the [[DARPA|Defense Advance Research Project Agency]] (DARPA).<ref>
Originally, the IANA functions were managed by the [[University of Southern California – Information Sciences Institute]] through the leadership of Dr. [[Jon Postel]] under a contract with the [[DARPA|Defense Advance Research Project Agency]] (DARPA).<ref>
[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/federal-register-notice/1998/improvement-technical-management-internet-names-and-addresses-proposed- Improvement of Technical Management of Internet Names and Addresses; Proposed Rule]</ref>
[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/federal-register-notice/1998/improvement-technical-management-internet-names-and-addresses-proposed- Improvement of Technical Management of Internet Names and Addresses; Proposed Rule]</ref>
In 1997, the United States government under Pres. Bill Clinton's administration, approved the transition of the technical management of the [[DNS|Domain Name System]] (DNS), including the IANA functions, to the private sector. On January 30, 1998, the [[DOC|Department of Commerce]] (DOC) released the [[Green Paper]] recommending the establishment of a new, private, non-profit organization to take over the management of the DNS. The global internet stakeholders shared their comments and recommendations regarding the Green Paper, which were compiled and studied by the NTIA. In June 1998, NTIA published the [[White Paper]], which contains the policy statement of the U.S. government regarding the transition process for the technical management of the DNS to a new corporation to be created based on the principles of stability, competition, private bottom-up coordination, and representation.<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/federal-register-notice/1998/statement-policy-management-internet-names-and-addresses Statement of Policy on the Management of Internet Names and Addresses]</ref>
In 1997, the United States government under Pres. Bill Clinton's administration, approved the transition of the technical management of the [[DNS|Domain Name System]] (DNS), including the IANA functions, to the private sector. On January 30, 1998, the [[DOC|Department of Commerce]] (DOC) released the [[Green Paper]] recommending the establishment of a new, private, non-profit organization to take over the management of the DNS. The global internet stakeholders shared their comments and recommendations regarding the Green Paper, which were compiled and studied by the NTIA. In June 1998, NTIA published the [[White Paper]], which contains the policy statement of the U.S. government regarding the transition process for the technical management of the DNS to a new corporation to be created based on the principles of stability, competition, private bottom-up coordination, and representation.<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/federal-register-notice/1998/statement-policy-management-internet-names-and-addresses Statement of Policy on the Management of Internet Names and Addresses]</ref>
On November 25, 1998, the Department of Commerce formally recognized [[ICANN]] as the new organization responsible for administering the DNS through a Memorandum of Understanding signed by both parties.<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/report/2000/second-status-report-department-commerce-icann Second Status Report Under ICANN/US Government Memorandum of Understanding]</ref>
On November 25, 1998, the Department of Commerce formally recognized [[ICANN]] as the new organization responsible for administering the DNS through a Memorandum of Understanding signed by both parties.<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/report/2000/second-status-report-department-commerce-icann Second Status Report Under ICANN/US Government Memorandum of Understanding]</ref> This came about as a result of the infamous "[http://www.iafrikan.com/2015/06/14/brief-history-of-the-internet-dns-wars-icann-iana-nita-itu-in-igf/ DNS Wars]".
The Department of Commerce awarded a contract to ICANN to manage the IANA functions on February 9, 2000.<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/ianacontract.pdf IANA Contract, February 9, 2000]</ref> The agreement was renewed several times in 2001,<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/sb1335-01-w-0650.pdf IANA Contract 2001]</ref> 2003, <ref>
The Department of Commerce awarded a contract to ICANN to manage the IANA functions on February 9, 2000.<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/ianacontract.pdf IANA Contract, February 9, 2000]</ref> The agreement was renewed several times in 2001,<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/sb1335-01-w-0650.pdf IANA Contract 2001]</ref> 2003, <ref>
[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/ianaorder_03142003.pdfand IANA Contract 2003]</ref> and 2006 <ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/ianacontract_081406.pdf IANA Contract 2006]</ref>. The contract in 2006 was modified several times. The latest modification extended ICANN's contract until September 30, 2012.<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/sa1301-06-cn-0048_mod_0010_executed.pdf Modification 10-Extension of IANA Contract]</ref>
[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/ianaorder_03142003.pdfand IANA Contract 2003]</ref> and 2006 <ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/ianacontract_081406.pdf IANA Contract 2006]</ref>. The contract in 2006 was modified several times. The latest modification extended ICANN's contract until September 30, 2012.<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/publications/sa1301-06-cn-0048_mod_0010_executed.pdf Modification 10-Extension of IANA Contract]</ref>
With the expiration of the <strong>Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)</strong> Functions contract, a new phase of the status of ICANN was initiated by the National Telecommunication and information Administration’s (NTIA’s) announcement in March 2014.
This phase (the IANA stewardship transition) was expected to complete by 30th September 2015.
===DOC Notice of Inquiry on IANA Functions===
===DOC Notice of Inquiry on IANA Functions===
===NTIA Accepts ICANN Bid===
===NTIA Accepts ICANN Bid===
On June 2, 2012, outgoing CEO [[Rod Beckstrom]] made signing the new IANA contract his last act as CEO. The new contract included additional requirements on "separation between the policy development associated with the IANA services, and implementation by the IANA functions contractor; a robust company-wide conflict of interest policy; a heightened respect for local national law; and a series of consultation and reporting requirements to increase transparency and accountability."<ref>[http://www.domainnews.com/en/icann-awarded-new-contract-to-continue-performing-iana-functions.html?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter ICANN awarded contract to continue Performing IANA functions, DomainNews.com]</ref>
On June 2, 2012, outgoing CEO [[Rod Beckstrom]] made signing the new IANA contract his last act as CEO. The new contract included additional requirements on "separation between the policy development associated with the IANA services, and implementation by the IANA functions contractor; a robust company-wide conflict of interest policy; a heightened respect for local national law; and a series of consultation and reporting requirements to increase transparency and accountability."<ref>[http://www.domainnews.com/en/icann-awarded-new-contract-to-continue-performing-iana-functions.html?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter ICANN awarded contract to continue Performing IANA functions, DomainNews.com]</ref>
==NTIA Transition Announcement==
''Main article: [[IANA Functions Stewardship Transition]]''
In March 2014 [[NTIA]] released a statement that they are intent on transitioning their part of the IANA functions away from NTIA and to the global stakeholder community. The first step in this process is for ICANN to convene stakeholders and create a proposal for how the IANA functions will remain secure and unwavering. The press release outlined a number of principles which the ICANN-community drafted proposal must meet:
* Must Support and enhance the multistakeholder model;
* Must Maintain the security, stability, and resiliency of the Internet DNS;
* Must Meet the needs and expectation of the global customers and partners of the IANA services; and,
* Must Maintain the openness of the Internet.
The current NTIA contract with ICANN expires on 30 September, 2014, and members of the ICANN community took that date as a deadline for drafting and agreeing on a proposal.<ref>[http://www.ntia.doc.gov/press-release/2014/ntia-announces-intent-transition-key-internet-domain-name-functions Press Release: NTIA Announces Intent to Transition Key Internet Domain Name Functions] ''NTIA.doc.gov''; Retrieved 09 July 2014</ref>
ICANN subsequently published their own press release that applauded NTIA's announcement and called it a recognition of the U.S. government to ICANN's "maturation in becoming an effective multistakeholder organization".<ref>[https://www.icann.org/resources/press-material/release-2014-03-14-en Press Release March 14, 2014</ref>
Global media outlets picked up on the NTIA press release, with many United States media reporting that the United States Government was "giving up control of the Internet".
==References==
==References==