Changes

==Types of Fragmentation==

==Types of Fragmentation==

Internet addressing, interconnection, naming, and security are primary issue areas leading to technical fragmentation. Within these categories, 12 kinds of fragmentation are identified:

Internet addressing, interconnection, naming, and security are primary issue areas leading to technical fragmentation. Within these categories, 12 kinds of fragmentation are identified:<ref name="wef"></ref>

1. Network Address Translation

# Network Address Translation

2. IPv4 and IPv6 incompatibility and the dual-stack requirement

# IPv4 and IPv6 incompatibility and the dual-stack requirement

3. Routing corruption

# Routing corruption

4. Firewall protections

# Firewall protections

5. Virtual private network isolation and blocking

# Virtual private network isolation and blocking

# TOR "onion space" and the "dark web"

6. TOR “onion space” and the “dark web”

# Internationalized Domain Name technical errors

7. Internationalized Domain Name technical errors

# Blocking of new gTLDs

8. Blocking of new gTLDs

# Private name servers and the split-horizon DNS

9. Private name servers and the split-horizon DNS

# Segmented Wi-Fi services in hotels, restaurants, etc.

10. Segmented Wi-Fi services in hotels, restaurants, etc.

# Possibility of significant alternate DNS roots

11. Possibility of significant alternate DNS roots

# Certificate authorities producing false certificates

12. Certificate authorities producing false certificates

===Governmental Fragmentation===

===Governmental Fragmentation===