Difference between revisions of "KeNIC"

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{{CompanyInfo|
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{{Actor|
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| logo           = kenic.jpg
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| Logo           = Kenic logo.png
 
| type            = Public
 
| type            = Public
 
| industry        = Registry
 
| industry        = Registry
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| founded        = 1993
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| founded        =  
 
| founders        = Dr. Shem Ochuodho and Mr. Randy Bush
 
| founders        = Dr. Shem Ochuodho and Mr. Randy Bush
 
| ownership      =  
 
| ownership      =  
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| products        =  
 
| products        =  
 
| employees      =  
 
| employees      =  
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| revenue        =
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| website        = http://www.kenic.or.ke  
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| website        = [http://www.kenic.or.ke kenic.or.ke]
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| blog            = [https://kenic.or.ke/category/kenic-blog KeNIC Blog]
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| blog            =  
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| email          = admin [at] kenic.or.ke
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| facebook        = [http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=196464375805&ref=ts KENIC]
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| facebook        = https://www.facebook.com/Kenictld/
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| linkedin        =  
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| linkedin        = https://www.linkedin.com/in/kenictld/
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| twitter        =  
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| twitter        = KenicTLD
 
| keypeople      =  
 
| keypeople      =  
 
}}
 
}}
 +
'''Kenya Network Information Centre''' '''(KeNIC)''' is the [[Registry|registry]] operator for Kenya's .ke [[ccTLD]].<ref>[https://ccnso.icann.org/en/about/member-profiles/ke.htm ccNSO Member Profile - .ke]</ref> It also aims at the development of Internet and other Internet related services in Kenya, with the assistance of various national and international organizations through cooperative agreements, as well as public-private partnerships (PPPs).<ref>[https://kenic.or.ke/about-us/#partnerships KeNIC - About Us: Our Partners]</ref> In addition to these main objectives, KeNIC aims to bring Kenya on equal standards with the global Internet technology with the assistance of the government.<ref name="about">[https://kenic.or.ke/about-us/ KeNIC - About Us]</ref>
  
−
'''KENIC''' is an acronym for '''Kenya Network Information Centre'''. It is a domain [[Registry|registry]] in Kenya that was established with the goal of creating a nonprofit organization to manage and operate [[.ke]] and corresponding [[ccTLD]]s. It also aims at the development of Internet and other Internet related services in Kenya, with the assistance of various national and international organizations through Public Private Partnerships (PPPs). In addition to these main objectives, KENIC aims to bring Kenya on equal standards with the global Internet technology with the assistance of the government.<ref>[http://www.kenic.or.ke/index.php?option=com_content&task=section&id=4&Itemid=36 About KENIC]</ref>  
+
==History==
 +
In 1993, the .ke domain was delegated by [[Jon Postel]] to Dr. Shem Ochuodho and [[Randy Bush]] as the administrative and technical contacts, respectively.<ref name="iana">[https://www.iana.org/reports/2002/ke-report-20dec02.html IANA Redelegation Report - .ke]</ref> In 2000, Kenyan stakeholders initiated a series of conversations that resulted in the formation of KeNIC in October 2001.<ref name="iana" /> KeNIC submitted a redelegation request to [[IANA]] in June 2002, with the support of the Communications Commission of Kenya (CCK) and local Internet stakeholders.<ref name="iana" /> Dr. Ochuodho was largely nonresponsive to requests from IANA to discuss the redelegation request. At an in-person meeting at ICANN's East Africa Internet Forum in August of 2002, Dr. Ochuodho communicated his objections to the redelegation to IANA. In the meeting, IANA and Dr. Ochuodho agreed that "within thirty days [Dr. Ochuodho] would either (a) work out a solution with KENIC on the management of the .ke ccTLD; (b) demonstrate significant support within the Kenyan Internet community for administration of the .ke ccTLD by him rather than KENIC; or (c) agree to the redelegation of the .ke ccTLD."<ref name="iana" /> He did not follow up with IANA within the subsequent thirty days, nor at any time prior to the IANA Redelegation Report being published in December 2002.<ref name="iana" />
  
−
The main contributors in the formation of this nonprofit organization were Dr. [[Shem Ochuodho]] and Mr. [[Randy Bush]]. KENIC began full functioning in 1993. In October 2001 KENIC expanded its consultations and services with the assistance of Communications Commission of Kenya (CCK) and local Internet stakeholders.<ref>[http://www.kenic.or.ke/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=38 KENIC Background]</ref>
+
As a result, KeNIC's redelegation request became one of the rare instances in which the parties involved in a redelegation matter were unable to reach consensus amongst themselves. In such cases, IANA is obliged to make a determination regarding the request.<ref>[http://archive.icann.org/en/policies/icp-1-archived.htm ICANN Internet Coordination Policy 1 - Internet Domain Name System Structure and Delegation (ccTLD Administration and Delegation)]</ref> The redelegation report states that cases such as this follow a particular trend: "Characteristically, these circumstances have involved an overwhelming demonstration, without adequate rebuttal, of relevant support for redelegation."<ref name="iana" /><ref>IANA cited the [https://www.iana.org/reports/2000/pn-report-11feb00.html redelegation of Pitcairn Island's .pn domain] as precedent.</ref> IANA determined that this was another such case, and approved redelegation of the domain to KeNIC.<ref name="iana" /> In the report, IANA took pains to thank Dr. Ochuodho for his service:
 +
<blockquote>In concluding that redelegation is appropriate, the IANA does not question the substantial contributions of good faith of Dr. Ochuodho. Since 1993, he has provided, without compensation, a valuable service to Kenya, in the best traditions of the Internet. During his service, the Internet has arrived and grown enormously in Kenya. With hundreds of thousands of users now going online every day, it is not surprising that the Kenyan Internet community would seek to have the administration of the .ke registry shifted from a single individual to a stable and reliable institutional setting, with open and participatory policymaking procedures, professional staffing, and competent technical operations located within Kenya. Dr. Ochuodho deserves credit for establishing the .ke registry and shepherding its development to this point. In that sense, the IANA's redelegation determination is a consequence of the growth and maturation of the Kenyan Internet community, and should not be taken as a criticism of Dr. Ochuodho's voluntary stewardship.<ref name="iana" /></blockquote>
  
 
== Membership ==
 
== Membership ==
  
−
KENIC consists of a members board and associate members. The present membership consists of a mixture of both the Kenyan Internet community and the Kenyan Government.
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KENIC consists of a members board and associate members. Members are drawn from of a mixture of both the Kenyan Internet community and the Kenyan Government.
  
−
The board members are selected from various organizations as follows:  
+
The board members are selected from internet governance & technological organizations:  
 
* Communications Commission Kenya (CCK)  
 
* Communications Commission Kenya (CCK)  
 
* TELKOM Kenya
 
* TELKOM Kenya
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* Kenya Education Network (KENET)  
 
* Kenya Education Network (KENET)  
  
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The Associated members are selected from various organizations as follows:  
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The Associated members are selected from:  
 
* Kenya ICT Network (KICTANet)  
 
* Kenya ICT Network (KICTANet)  
 
* Domain-Name Registrar Association of Kenya ([[DRAKE]])  
 
* Domain-Name Registrar Association of Kenya ([[DRAKE]])  
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* Assist ICANN in its development.<ref>[http://www.kenic.or.ke/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=38 Functions of KENIC]</ref>
 
* Assist ICANN in its development.<ref>[http://www.kenic.or.ke/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13&Itemid=38 Functions of KENIC]</ref>
  
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== Projects ==
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==.ke==
 +
The .ke domain is an [[Open Use ccTLD]], with no registration restrictions at the top level.<ref>[https://kenic.or.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/KEsecondlevel.pdf KeNIC - .ke Registration Policies (PDF)]</ref> KeNIC supports registrations under several [[SLD|second level domains]]. There are no restrictions to registering domains under:
 +
*co.ke (intended for companies)
 +
*or.ke (nonprofits/NGOs)
 +
*ne.ke (IoT or network devices)
 +
*me.ke (personal uses)
 +
*info.ke (informational)
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*mobi.ke (mobile)<ref name="domains">[https://kenic.or.ke/ke-domain/ KeNIC - .ke Domains]</ref>
  
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KENIC has undertaken following projects for the development of the Internet and related services:
+
Three SLDs require documentation establishing that the registrant is either a school (ac.ke and sc.ke) or government entity (go.ke) within Kenya.
−
 
 
−
'''[[CSIRT]] (Computer Security Incident Response Team):'''
 
−
It assists local Internet providers with the use of preventive measures in reducing the various risks of harmful content on different websites. It encourages the use of active measures to reduce the risk of computer security incidents and responding to such incidents in the event of their occurrence.<ref>[http://www.kenic.or.ke/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=130&Itemid=169 KENIC CSIRT]</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
'''[[NTP]] Server:'''
 
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NTP is a protocol that is designed to synchronize the clocks of computers connected through a network. NTP operates on a server or reference time source such as radio or satellite receiver or a modem and helps in synchronizing system clocks of computer clients or other servers<ref>[http://www.kenic.or.ke/index.php?option=com_content&task=section&id=9&Itemid=86 KENIC NTP server]</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
'''[[DNSSEC]] (Domain Name System Security Extension):'''
 
−
DNSSEC is designed to protect Internet clients from forged DNS data. It employs cryptography to provide authenticity of the DNS to its clients.<ref>[http://www.kenic.or.ke/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=137&Itemid=175 KENIC DNS Security]</ref><ref>[http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3833 tools.ietf.org]</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
'''Root Server:''
 
−
The root server is a DNS server that answers the requests for namespace domain. It directs request for a particular TLDs to the Name-servers of that TLD. <ref>[http://www.kenic.or.ke/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=131&Itemid=170 KENIC Root Servers]</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
== Sponsors ==
 
−
KENIC has both international and national sponsors that assist in the overall development of the organization and its services. The list of these sponsors is as follows:
 
−
 
 
−
'''International Sponsors:'''
 
−
* Network Startup Resource Centre.
 
−
* National Science Foundation (NSF).
 
−
* Packet Clearing House (PCH).
 
−
* CNET Global International.
 
−
 
 
−
'''Local Sponsors:'''
 
−
* Communications Commission of Kenya (CCK)  
 
−
* Swiftglobal (K) Limited.
 
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* Kenya Data Network (KDN).
 
−
* Kenya Internet Exchange Point ([[KIXP]]).
 
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* Computer Technics Limited.
 
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* Dotsavvy Africa
 
−
* Logistics Creation. <ref>[http://www.kenic.or.ke/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=102&Itemid=115 kenic.or.ke] </ref>
 
  
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
−
 
 
{{reflist}}
 
{{reflist}}
−
 
+
[[Category:ccTLD Registry]]
−
[[category: Glossary]]
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[[Category:ccNSO Member]]
−
[[Category: Organizations]]
+
[[Category:Featured]]
 
__NOTOC__
 
__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 12:37, 17 August 2022

Kenic logo.png
General Information
Industry: Registry
Country: Kenya
Headquarters: Waiyaki Way, Nairobi
Website:

LinkIcon.png   http://www.kenic.or.ke

Blog: KeNIC Blog
Contact
Email: admin [at] kenic.or.ke
Facebook: Facebook.png   KeNIC
LinkedIn: LinkedInIcon.png   KeNIC
Twitter: TwitterIcon.png@KenicTLD
People
Founder(s): Dr. Shem Ochuodho and Mr. Randy Bush

Kenya Network Information Centre (KeNIC) is the registry operator for Kenya's .ke ccTLD.[1] It also aims at the development of Internet and other Internet related services in Kenya, with the assistance of various national and international organizations through cooperative agreements, as well as public-private partnerships (PPPs).[2] In addition to these main objectives, KeNIC aims to bring Kenya on equal standards with the global Internet technology with the assistance of the government.[3]

History

In 1993, the .ke domain was delegated by Jon Postel to Dr. Shem Ochuodho and Randy Bush as the administrative and technical contacts, respectively.[4] In 2000, Kenyan stakeholders initiated a series of conversations that resulted in the formation of KeNIC in October 2001.[4] KeNIC submitted a redelegation request to IANA in June 2002, with the support of the Communications Commission of Kenya (CCK) and local Internet stakeholders.[4] Dr. Ochuodho was largely nonresponsive to requests from IANA to discuss the redelegation request. At an in-person meeting at ICANN's East Africa Internet Forum in August of 2002, Dr. Ochuodho communicated his objections to the redelegation to IANA. In the meeting, IANA and Dr. Ochuodho agreed that "within thirty days [Dr. Ochuodho] would either (a) work out a solution with KENIC on the management of the .ke ccTLD; (b) demonstrate significant support within the Kenyan Internet community for administration of the .ke ccTLD by him rather than KENIC; or (c) agree to the redelegation of the .ke ccTLD."[4] He did not follow up with IANA within the subsequent thirty days, nor at any time prior to the IANA Redelegation Report being published in December 2002.[4]

As a result, KeNIC's redelegation request became one of the rare instances in which the parties involved in a redelegation matter were unable to reach consensus amongst themselves. In such cases, IANA is obliged to make a determination regarding the request.[5] The redelegation report states that cases such as this follow a particular trend: "Characteristically, these circumstances have involved an overwhelming demonstration, without adequate rebuttal, of relevant support for redelegation."[4][6] IANA determined that this was another such case, and approved redelegation of the domain to KeNIC.[4] In the report, IANA took pains to thank Dr. Ochuodho for his service:

In concluding that redelegation is appropriate, the IANA does not question the substantial contributions of good faith of Dr. Ochuodho. Since 1993, he has provided, without compensation, a valuable service to Kenya, in the best traditions of the Internet. During his service, the Internet has arrived and grown enormously in Kenya. With hundreds of thousands of users now going online every day, it is not surprising that the Kenyan Internet community would seek to have the administration of the .ke registry shifted from a single individual to a stable and reliable institutional setting, with open and participatory policymaking procedures, professional staffing, and competent technical operations located within Kenya. Dr. Ochuodho deserves credit for establishing the .ke registry and shepherding its development to this point. In that sense, the IANA's redelegation determination is a consequence of the growth and maturation of the Kenyan Internet community, and should not be taken as a criticism of Dr. Ochuodho's voluntary stewardship.[4]

Membership

KENIC consists of a members board and associate members. Members are drawn from of a mixture of both the Kenyan Internet community and the Kenyan Government.

The board members are selected from internet governance & technological organizations:

  • Communications Commission Kenya (CCK)
  • TELKOM Kenya
  • Government IT Services (GITS)
  • Directorate of E-Governance
  • Telecommunications Services Providers Association of Kenya (TESPOK)
  • Kenya Education Network (KENET)

The Associated members are selected from:

  • Kenya ICT Network (KICTANet)
  • Domain-Name Registrar Association of Kenya (DRAKE)
  • Kenya Internet Marketing Association (KIMA)

Roles of KENIC

KENIC was established with the vision of bringing the Kenyan Internet technology up to global standards and to promote Internet and its services in the country on a large scale. KENIC has the following functions:

  • To develop and promote .ke ccTLD.
  • To create a technological infrastructure for the efficient administration of the .ke ccTLD.
  • Manage the .ke TLD, its second level domains and local domains effectively.
  • To create a cost-effective environment for the effective growth of .ke.
  • Notify the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) of any changes to contact information about .ke.
  • Allow ICANN to access .ke zone files and registration data .
  • Meet all the registration and financial obligations of ICANN.
  • Abide with all global ICANN Internet policies.
  • Assist ICANN in its development.[7]

.ke

The .ke domain is an Open Use ccTLD, with no registration restrictions at the top level.[8] KeNIC supports registrations under several second level domains. There are no restrictions to registering domains under:

  • co.ke (intended for companies)
  • or.ke (nonprofits/NGOs)
  • ne.ke (IoT or network devices)
  • me.ke (personal uses)
  • info.ke (informational)
  • mobi.ke (mobile)[9]

Three SLDs require documentation establishing that the registrant is either a school (ac.ke and sc.ke) or government entity (go.ke) within Kenya.

References

  1. ↑ ccNSO Member Profile - .ke
  2. ↑ KeNIC - About Us: Our Partners
  3. ↑ KeNIC - About Us
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 IANA Redelegation Report - .ke
  5. ↑ ICANN Internet Coordination Policy 1 - Internet Domain Name System Structure and Delegation (ccTLD Administration and Delegation)
  6. ↑ IANA cited the redelegation of Pitcairn Island's .pn domain as precedent.
  7. ↑ Functions of KENIC
  8. ↑ KeNIC - .ke Registration Policies (PDF)
  9. ↑ KeNIC - .ke Domains
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