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MEAC DNS Study (view source)

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{{Resource
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|Organization=ICANN
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|Type=Study
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|Issue=DNS
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|Release Date=2016/01/25
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|Link=https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/meac-dns-study-26feb16-en.pdf
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}}
 
'''The Middle East and Adjoining Countries (MEAC) DNS Study 2015''' analyzes the MEAC region's domain name industry and registration data as it relates to the larger global internet environment. MEAC contains a structured survey of ccTLD registries in the region, supplemented with interviews with registries and registrars, and also offers suggested actions to stimulate wider uptake in the region.<ref name="study">[https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/eurid-middle-east-dns-study-initial-13oct15-en.pdf MEAC DNS Study], ICANN.org. Published 2015 October 13. Retrieved 2015 November 6.</ref>
 
'''The Middle East and Adjoining Countries (MEAC) DNS Study 2015''' analyzes the MEAC region's domain name industry and registration data as it relates to the larger global internet environment. MEAC contains a structured survey of ccTLD registries in the region, supplemented with interviews with registries and registrars, and also offers suggested actions to stimulate wider uptake in the region.<ref name="study">[https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/eurid-middle-east-dns-study-initial-13oct15-en.pdf MEAC DNS Study], ICANN.org. Published 2015 October 13. Retrieved 2015 November 6.</ref>
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The recommendation to conduct this study was one of the outcomes of the [[Middle East Engagement Strategy]], which was developed by a group of community members in the region, and defined three strategic focus areas for the region. One of those focus areas, which was to develop the region's domain name industry, is covered by this study.<ref name="icann">[https://www.icann.org/news/announcement-2-2015-03-16-en Request for Proposal: DNS Study for the Middle East and Adjoining Countries], ICANN.org. Retrieved 2015 November 6.</ref>
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The recommendation to conduct this study was one of the outcomes of the [[Middle East Engagement Strategy]], which was developed by a group of community members in the region, and defined three strategic focus areas for the region. One of those focus areas, which was to develop the region's domain name industry, is covered by this study.<ref name="icann">[https://www.icann.org/news/announcement-2-2015-03-16-en Request for Proposal: DNS Study for the Middle East and Adjoining Countries], ICANN.org. Retrieved 2015 November 6.</ref><ref name="icann2">[https://www.icann.org/news/blog/the-middle-east-strategy-two-years-later The Middle East Strategy: Two Years Later], ICANN.org. Published 2015 July 7. Retrieved 2015 November 17.</ref>
    
[[ICANN]] first called for proposals for the study in March 2015, and requested that reports be submitted no later than October 9th.<ref name="icann"></ref> In June 2015, the [[.eu]] [[registry]], [[EURid]], was selected by [[ICANN]] to conduct the study.<ref name="eurid">[https://www.eurid.eu/en/news/jun-2015/eurid-selected-icann-develop-dns-study-middle-east-and-adjoining-countries EURid selected by ICANN to develop DNS study in the Middle East and adjoining countries], EURid.org. Published 2015 June 15. Retrieved 2015 November 6.</ref>
 
[[ICANN]] first called for proposals for the study in March 2015, and requested that reports be submitted no later than October 9th.<ref name="icann"></ref> In June 2015, the [[.eu]] [[registry]], [[EURid]], was selected by [[ICANN]] to conduct the study.<ref name="eurid">[https://www.eurid.eu/en/news/jun-2015/eurid-selected-icann-develop-dns-study-middle-east-and-adjoining-countries EURid selected by ICANN to develop DNS study in the Middle East and adjoining countries], EURid.org. Published 2015 June 15. Retrieved 2015 November 6.</ref>
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==General Findings==
 
==General Findings==
 
* Across the region as a whole, 31% of users spend 3 hours or fewer per day online, but in some countries, people said they are online for more than 10 hours per day. Pakistan had the lowest median hours per day at 3 hours; Qatar and UAE had the highest, at 10 hours.
 
* Across the region as a whole, 31% of users spend 3 hours or fewer per day online, but in some countries, people said they are online for more than 10 hours per day. Pakistan had the lowest median hours per day at 3 hours; Qatar and UAE had the highest, at 10 hours.
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* Users have a strong preference for websites using local languages such as Arabic, Farsi, and Urdu when interacting with friends and government online, but English dominates the language of web content, with 71% of sites associated with the region (compared to 55% of global sites).<ref name="study"></ref>
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* Users have a strong preference for websites using local languages such as Arabic, Farsi, and Urdu when interacting with friends and government online, but English dominates the language of web content, with 71% of sites associated with the region (compared to 55% of global sites). They also prefer to purchase from local registrars over foreign ones.<ref name="study"></ref>
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* Social media is on the uptake in the region, perhaps because difficulties in domain name registration make social media a faster channel to get online. According to the 2014 Arab Social Media Report, there are 81 million Facebook users and 6 million Twitter users in the Arab world, and use of social media is growing rapidly.<ref name="arabsocialmedia">[http://www.mbrsg.ae/HOME/PUBLICATIONS/Research-Report-Research-Paper-White-Paper/Citizen-Engagement-and-Public-Services-in-the-Arab.aspx The Arab Social Media Report- Edition #6], MBRSG.ae. Published 2014 June. Retrieved 2015 November 7.</ref>
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* Social media is on the uptake in the region, perhaps because difficulties in domain name registration make social media a faster channel to get online. According to the 2014 [[Arab Social Media Report]], there are 81 million Facebook users and 6 million Twitter users in the Arab world, and use of social media is growing rapidly.<ref name="arabsocialmedia">[http://www.mbrsg.ae/HOME/PUBLICATIONS/Research-Report-Research-Paper-White-Paper/Citizen-Engagement-and-Public-Services-in-the-Arab.aspx The Arab Social Media Report- Edition #6], MBRSG.ae. Published 2014 June. Retrieved 2015 November 7.</ref>
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* The average annual percentage growth rate is higher than that experienced in the rest of the world, where growth rates are tending to flatten. The number of domains per 1,000 of population (ie: 9.6 domains per in Iran and 3 per in Tunisia) indicates that the region has low domain name penetration compared with other countries. The high percentage growth could be sign of a healthy market with potential growth to come, or low numbers could merely result in a large percentage of growth.
 
* 63% of users surveyed tended to use the Internet for social reasons, rather than for business reasons, which only accounted for 37% of those polled.<ref name="study"></ref>
 
* 63% of users surveyed tended to use the Internet for social reasons, rather than for business reasons, which only accounted for 37% of those polled.<ref name="study"></ref>
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===Domain Name Industry===
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==Recommendations==
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'''For the General Internet Ecosystem'''<ref name="study"></ref>
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* Basic internet access issues need to be given priority.
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* Local hosting markets must be strengthened. [[ISOC]]'s [[Local Content Report]] dictates that there is a strong correlation between the development of network infrastructure and the growth of local content.<ref name="oecd">[http://www.oecd.org/internet/ieconomy/50305352.pdf The Relationship Between Local Content, Internet Development, and Access Prices], OECD.org.</ref>
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* Enhancing local language content will benefit the 50% of users who prefer to use local languages online.
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* Policies and investment should focus on supporting eCommerce.
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'''For the Domain Name Markets'''<ref name="study"></ref>
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* Local TLD operators should liberalize policies, by making them more accessible, lowering fees, and making policies more transparent.
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* Standardizing technical and operational systems will reduce costs and encourage international registrars to support the region, which is essential to long-term growth. Developed local Internet markets tend to report lower international prices for bandwidth and vice versa: markets with more intense international Internet traffic tend to report lower local prices for Internet access.<ref name="oecd"></ref>
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* International registrars can intensify local competition by lowering retail prices and improving uptake.
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* [[ccTLD]]s in the region should consider starter programs and incentives to on-board new registrars at local level.
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* Registries may also consider bundling domain names with add-on products such as forwarding services and services that assist customers in building websites.<ref name="study"></ref>
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* Setting regional benchmarks for TLD development, following the model of worldwide [[ccTLD]]s such as [[EURid]], could be very helpful. Positive case studies include [[.no]] and [[.eu]].
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==Domain Name Industry & Usage==
 
* Only 1% of the world's registered domains are in the MEAC region. Only 3 [[ccTLD]]s in the region have higher than 10 domains per 1,000 inhabitants, which compares to 100-300 domains per 1,000 in other countries worldwide.<ref name="study"></ref>
 
* Only 1% of the world's registered domains are in the MEAC region. Only 3 [[ccTLD]]s in the region have higher than 10 domains per 1,000 inhabitants, which compares to 100-300 domains per 1,000 in other countries worldwide.<ref name="study"></ref>
 
* Annual growth in domain name registrations is strong, at >20% per year. Growth is particularly strong in ccTLDs that have deregulated, such as [[.tn]] and [[.ma]].
 
* Annual growth in domain name registrations is strong, at >20% per year. Growth is particularly strong in ccTLDs that have deregulated, such as [[.tn]] and [[.ma]].
 
* There are 21,000 [[IDN]]s in the region, half of which are under [[.tr]] and half which are Arabic script -- but in general, uptake of IDNs is hampered by lack of universal acceptance.<ref name="study"></ref>
 
* There are 21,000 [[IDN]]s in the region, half of which are under [[.tr]] and half which are Arabic script -- but in general, uptake of IDNs is hampered by lack of universal acceptance.<ref name="study"></ref>
 
* Hosting markets are strongly linked to domain name registration, and hosting across the region is weak, with the exception of Iran and Turkey. Only 5% of popular web content is hosted in the region, and many countries have strict legislation affecting internet content.<ref name="study"></ref>
 
* Hosting markets are strongly linked to domain name registration, and hosting across the region is weak, with the exception of Iran and Turkey. Only 5% of popular web content is hosted in the region, and many countries have strict legislation affecting internet content.<ref name="study"></ref>
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* Most international registrars who have modern platforms for end-users are not present in the region and are discouraged from involvement due to administrative barriers to registering domain names in the region, such as manual procedures or pre-registration checks.<ref name="study"></ref>
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* Most international registrars who have modern platforms for end-users are not present in the region and are discouraged from involvement due to administrative barriers to registering domain names in the region, such as manual procedures or pre-registration checks, which make changes difficult and are not equipped to meet high industry demands.<ref name="study"></ref>
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* Most [[ccTLD]]s in the region are confined to their territory and have strict policies for registrar accreditation and domain name registration.<ref name="study"></ref>
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* Most [[ccTLD]]s in the region are confined to their territory and have strict policies for registrar accreditation and domain name registration, which may limit growth.<ref name="study"></ref>
 
* End user awareness about internet domain names was quite high; nearly half the users surveyed knew what a domain name is. 40% typed domains directly into the navigation bar of their browser (compared with 35 % of global users), and nearly all users from the region check the domain name before clicking search results.<ref name="study"></ref>
 
* End user awareness about internet domain names was quite high; nearly half the users surveyed knew what a domain name is. 40% typed domains directly into the navigation bar of their browser (compared with 35 % of global users), and nearly all users from the region check the domain name before clicking search results.<ref name="study"></ref>
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* Most MEAC TLDs have been available since the early '90s, but growth is not a high priority. Most do little to no promotion and only four -- [[.ae]], [[.af]], [[.pk]] and [[.qa]] -- operate with any commercial focus.<ref name="study"></ref>
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* Of the thirteen registries in the region, two who that the most domain names are [[MarkMonitor]] and [[Corporation Service Company]], two American entities that focus primarily on business clientele.  The other eleven registrars are focused on individual registrants, and do not offer the same variety of domain names as their business-oriented counterparts.<ref name="study"></ref>
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* The study measured the content of 1.1 million sites associated with the region; it found that 300,000 were hosted outside the region and 830,000 were hosted in the region.
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<br />
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'''Domain Name Registration by Country, 2015'''<ref name="infographics">[https://community.icann.org/download/attachments/56142559/Infographic.pdf?version=1&modificationDate=1444660535000&api=v2 MEAC DNS Study - Infographics], ICANN.org. Retrieved 2015 November 13.</ref>
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[[Image:MEAC-Domain-Name-Registration.png|Middle East and Adjoining Countries Domain Name Registrations by Country|450px]]
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<br /><br />
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'''Full Sites vs. Parked Sites in MEAC and Beyond'''<ref name="study"></ref>
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
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|-
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! Country
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! Number of Sites
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! Percentage Full Sites
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! Percentage Parked Sites
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|-
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| Turkey
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| 754,805
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| 72%
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| 27%
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|-
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| United States
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| 186,218
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| 72%
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| 28%
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|-
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| Germany
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| 31,432
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| 85%
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| 14%
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|-
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| Hong Kong
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| 23,576
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| 83%
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| 17%
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|-
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| Total (In Region)
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| 831,010
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| 68%
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| 32%
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|-
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| Total (In Region)
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| 318,958
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| 79%
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| 21%
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|-
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| Grand Total
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| 1,149,968
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| 71%
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| 29%
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|-
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|}
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<br />
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'''Comparative TLD Pricings in Africa, Europe, and MEAC Regions'''<br />
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Some registries charge what [[Janelle McAlister]] of [[MarkMonitor]] calls "unreasonable" prices, sometimes well over $100 USD and as high as $200 USD -- even if most were in the range of $35 to $55 USD. The images below capture sample pricings as of September 2015.<ref name="study"></ref>
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===Recommendations===
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<gallery widths="350px" heights="200px">
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* Basic internet access issues need to be given priority. Local hosting markets must be strengthened.
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Image:africa-tld-pricing.png|'''Africa Region'''
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* Policies and investment should focus on supporting eCommerce and local language content.
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Image:europe-tld-pricing.png|'''Europe Region'''
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* Local TLD operators should liberalize policies, by making them more accessible, lowering fees, and making policies more transparent.<ref name="study"></ref>
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Image:meac-tld-pricing.png|'''MEAC Region'''
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* Standarizing technical and operational systems will reduce coasts and encourage international registrars to support the region, which is essential to long-term growth.
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</gallery>
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* International registrars can intensify local competition by lowering retail prices and improving uptake.
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* [[ccTLD]]s in the region should consider starter programmes and incentives to on-board new registrars at local level.
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* Registries may also consider bundling domain names with add-on products such as forwarding services and services that assist customers in building websites.<ref name="study"></ref>
      
==MEAC Countries and the Socioeconomic Environment==
 
==MEAC Countries and the Socioeconomic Environment==
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|-
 
|-
 
| 66-89%
 
| 66-89%
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| Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Tunisia, Turkey
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| Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Morocco, Tunisia, Iran
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 90% + (high ranking)
 
| 90% + (high ranking)
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| 20%
 
| 20%
 
|}
 
|}
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====Internet Access & Usage====
      
==Research Methodology==
 
==Research Methodology==
Dustin Loup
Bureaucrats, Interface administrators, lookupuser, staff, Administrators, translator
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