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<big><b>[[Whois]]</b></big><br>

<big><b>[[.app]]</b></big><br>

Whois (pronounced as the phrase Who is) represents a protocol that is mainly used to used to find details and information about domain names, networks and hosts. The Whois records contain data referring to various organizations and contacts related to the domain names. The Whois protocols operate by means of a server where anyone is allowed to connect and create a query; the Whois server will then respond to this query and end the connection.  

The new gTLD .app was delegated to the Root Zone in ICANN's New gTLD Program on 02 July 2015. On 25 February 2015, the applicants for .app entered into an ICANN "auction of last resort" to resolve the contention set for the string.  

During the foundational period of the Internet the only organization that was responsible for the administration of domain name registrations was DARPA. As the Internet grew in the 1980s, the Whois system appeared with the purpose of administering and looking-up domain names, registrants and other resources related to domain name registration. Still, at that time there was only the one organization registering domains, so the system acted as a centralized query-based server. Over time the number of gTLDs significantly increased, which led to complex networks of registrars and related associations; in response the Whois servers became stronger and less permissive.[3]

The auction format was a step auction, as are all ICANN auctions, in which the auctioneer sets a price level for an interval of time and applicants choose whether they are in or out. The auction concludes when only one applicant moves to the next price level.

How to maintain both a privacy secure and safe Whois system, and an accurate database for contacts for any domain registrant, has been one of the most intractable issues at ICANN. Whois is one of 4 issues areas that is subject to Independent Review under ICANN's Affirmation of Commitments with the U.S. Government.[4] At ICANN 45 in Toronto, the fist opening ceremony address by new ICANN CEO, Fadi Chehadé, he memorably said that the Whois problem should not have been drawn out for 12 years and should not be a difficult problem to solve.[5][6]

 

In late 2012, a senior executive at ICANN was brought in to focus exclusively on Whois.

Google won the auction over the other applicants, with a winning bid of $25,001,000. The proceeds for the auction will go into a separate ICANN fund to be used for a designated purpose. The other applicants for the string were required to withdraw their applications for .app.

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<small><strong>Related: [[IANA]] - [[NTIA]] - [[ICANN]]</strong></small>

<small><strong>Related: [[Charleston Road Registry Inc.]] - [[Google]] - [[GTLD Auctions]]</strong></small>

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