Changes

The '''New gTLD Program''' is a current program to add an unlimited number of new [[gTLD]]s to the [[Root Zone|root zone]]. The program's goal is to enhance competition, innovation, and consumer choice.<ref>[http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/about/program About the New gTLD Program icann.org]</ref> The first application round started on January 12th, 2012, and ended on April 20th, 2012, during which time [[New gTLD Applicants|applicants]] applied via the [[TAS|TLD Application System]] (TAS) to run the registry for the TLD that they choose. The application window was supposed to close on April 12th, but due to a glitch in the TAS system the system was shut down for a period of time before it reopened for a one week window to allow applicants to finish using the system.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/8511-tas-glitch-not-an-attack-says-icann TAS glitch “not an attack” says ICANN], DomainIncite.com. Published 12 April 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2012.</ref>

The '''New gTLD Program''' is a current program to add an unlimited number of new [[gTLD]]s to the [[Root Zone|root zone]]. The program's goal is to enhance competition, innovation, and consumer choice.<ref>[http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/about/program About the New gTLD Program icann.org]</ref> The first application round started on January 12th, 2012, and ended on April 20th, 2012, during which time [[New gTLD Applicants|applicants]] applied via the [[TAS|TLD Application System]] (TAS) to run the registry for the TLD that they choose. The application window was supposed to close on April 12th, but due to a glitch in the TAS system the system was shut down for a period of time before it reopened for a one week window to allow applicants to finish using the system.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/8511-tas-glitch-not-an-attack-says-icann TAS glitch “not an attack” says ICANN], DomainIncite.com. Published 12 April 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2012.</ref>

In April 2012, after closure of registration for the ICANN New gTLD Program, it was revealed that there were 1,268 applicants in the program.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/icann-expects-at-least-1268-new-gtld-applications/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+DomainIncite+%28DomainIncite.com%29 ICANN Expects At Least 1268 New gTLD Applications, DomainIncite.com]</ref> On June, 13th ("Reveal Day"), it was announced that there were 1,930 applications: 84 of these were [[Community gTLD|community applications]], 116 are for [[IDN]]s, and 230 of the applications have one or more applicant and will thus go through [[String Contention|string contention]] processes. This means the first round of the new gTLD program could create a maximum of 1,409 new TLDs.<ref>[http://www.thedomains.com/2012/06/13/nnew-gtlds-by-the-numbers-1930-apps-751-apps-in-conflict-max-number-of-new-gtlds-1409/ New gTLDs by the Numbers, TheDomains.com]</ref>

In April 2012, after closure of registration for the ICANN New gTLD Program, it was revealed that there were 1,268 applicants in the program.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/icann-expects-at-least-1268-new-gtld-applications/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+DomainIncite+%28DomainIncite.com%29 ICANN Expects At Least 1268 New gTLD Applications, DomainIncite.com]</ref> On June, 13th ("Reveal Day"), it was announced that there were 1,930 applications: 84 of these were [[Community gTLD|community applications]], 116 are for [[IDN]]s, and 230 of the applications have one or more applicant and will thus go through [[String Contention|string contention]] processes. This means the first round of the new gTLD program could create a maximum of 1,409 new TLDs.<ref>[http://www.thedomains.com/2012/06/13/nnew-gtlds-by-the-numbers-1930-apps-751-apps-in-conflict-max-number-of-new-gtlds-1409/ New gTLDs by the Numbers, TheDomains.com]</ref>

<center>See complete lists of:<br><big>[[All New gTLD Applications]] &#151;[[New gTLD Generic Applications|Generic Applications]] &#151; [[New gTLD Geographic Applications|Geographic Applications]] &#151; [[New gTLD Brand Applications|Brand Applications]] &#151; [[New gTLD IDN Applications|IDN Applications]]</big></center><br/>

<center>See complete lists of:<br><big>[[All New gTLD Applications]] - [[New gTLD Generic Applications|Generic Applications]] - [[New gTLD Geographic Applications|Geographic Applications]] - [[New gTLD Brand Applications|Brand Applications]] [[New gTLD IDN Applications|IDN Applications]]</big></center><br/>

==Overview==

==Overview==

===Historical Background===

===Historical Background===

ICANN has been working on adding new extensions for years, and the current "new" gTLD program is actually the 4th round of gTLD expansion. The prior rounds were limited and specific: in 2000 there was a "proof of concept round", a round of [[sTLD]]s in 2003, and an ongoing process to introduce [[IDN ccTLD]]s.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/watch-icann-approve-some-new-gtlds/ Watch ICANN Approve Some New gTLDs, DomainIncite.com]</ref> After the results of the 2000 and 2003 expansions of new gTLDs, a [[PDP|Policy Development Process]] in connection with the introduction of new gTLDs was developed by the [[Generic Names Supporting Organization]] (GNSO), which lasted from 2005 until 2007. During this Policy Development Process, the GNSO conducted extensive and detailed consultations with all constituencies within the ICANN global internet community. In 2008, 19 Specific Policy Recommendations were adopted by the ICANN Board for the implementation of new gTLDs, which describe the specifics of allocation and the contractual conditions. ICANN involved the global internet community in an open, inclusive and transparent implementation process to comment, review and provide their input toward creating the Applicant Guidebook for New gTLDs. The protection of intellectual property, community interests, consumer protection, and DNS stability were addressed during the process. Different versions and multiple drafts of the Applicant Guidebook were released in 2008. By June 2011, the ICANN Board launched the New gTLD Program, at the same time approving the [[New gTLD Applicant Guidebook]].<ref>[http://newgtlds.icann.org/about/program About the New gTLD Program]</ref> The Board announced the possibility of a 9th version of the Guidebook in January 2012, but the industry speculated that there was little chance that the changes would be more than clarification, as opposed to new rules and policies.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/icann-confirms-possible-new-applicant-guidebook/ ICANN Confirms Possible New Applicant Guidebook, DomainIncite.com]</ref> The 9th version was released at the same time the application window opened, and as expected most of the changes were minor. One major change in the 9th version was greater power given to the [[Governmental Advisory Committee]] in forcing the [[ICANN Board]] to manually review any application that the GAC finds problematic. Exactly how many oppositions within the GAC would be necessary to cause Board consultation is vague, but it could be as few as one nation's objection. This change was made following a letter from U.S. Government Secretary [[Larry Strickling]], which noted that the GAC would have the power to create new procedure after reviewing the entire pool of applications; that letter is further detailed below.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/gac-gets-more-power-to-block-controversial-gtlds/ GAC Gets more Power to Block Controversial gTLDs, DomainIncite.com]</ref>

ICANN has been working on adding new extensions for years, and the current "new" gTLD program is actually the 4th round of gTLD expansion. The prior rounds were limited and specific: in 2000 there was a "proof of concept round", a round of [[sTLD]]s in 2003, and an ongoing process to introduce [[IDN]] [[ccTLD]]s.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/watch-icann-approve-some-new-gtlds/ Watch ICANN Approve Some New gTLDs, DomainIncite.com]</ref> After the results of the 2000 and 2003 expansions of new gTLDs, a [[PDP|Policy Development Process]] in connection with the introduction of new gTLDs was developed by the [[Generic Names Supporting Organization]] (GNSO), which lasted from 2005 until 2007. During this Policy Development Process, the GNSO conducted extensive and detailed consultations with all constituencies within the ICANN global internet community. In 2008, 19 Specific Policy Recommendations were adopted by the ICANN Board for the implementation of new gTLDs, which describe the specifics of allocation and the contractual conditions. ICANN involved the global internet community in an open, inclusive and transparent implementation process to comment, review and provide their input toward creating the Applicant Guidebook for New gTLDs. The protection of intellectual property, community interests, consumer protection, and DNS stability were addressed during the process. Different versions and multiple drafts of the Applicant Guidebook were released in 2008. By June 2011, the ICANN Board launched the New gTLD Program, at the same time approving the [[New gTLD Applicant Guidebook]].<ref>[http://newgtlds.icann.org/about/program About the New gTLD Program]</ref> The Board announced the possibility of a 9th version of the Guidebook in January 2012, but the industry speculated that there was little chance that the changes would be more than clarification, as opposed to new rules and policies.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/icann-confirms-possible-new-applicant-guidebook/ ICANN Confirms Possible New Applicant Guidebook, DomainIncite.com]</ref> The 9th version was released at the same time the application window opened, and as expected most of the changes were minor. One major change in the 9th version was greater power given to the [[Governmental Advisory Committee]] in forcing the [[ICANN Board]] to manually review any application that the GAC finds problematic. Exactly how many oppositions within the GAC would be necessary to cause Board consultation is vague, but it could be as few as one nation's objection. This change was made following a letter from U.S. Government Secretary [[Larry Strickling]], which noted that the GAC would have the power to create new procedure after reviewing the entire pool of applications; that letter is further detailed below.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/gac-gets-more-power-to-block-controversial-gtlds/ GAC Gets more Power to Block Controversial gTLDs, DomainIncite.com]</ref>

===New gTLD Program Committee===

===New gTLD Program Committee===

* [[Chris Disspain]] (Member)

* [[Chris Disspain]] (Member)

* [[Bill Graham]] (Member)

* [[Bill Graham]] (Member)

* [[Olga Madruga-Forti]] (Member)

* [[Alexander_Svensson]] (Member)

* [[Erika Mann]] (Member)

* [[Gonzalo Navarro]] (Member)

* [[Gonzalo Navarro]] (Member)

* [[Ray Plzak]] (Member)

* [[Ray Plzak]] (Member)

[[Name.Space]], which has been operating an alternative root since 1996, sued ICANN in October, 2012, for trademark infringement and anti-competitive behavior. The company is seeking an injunction against the implementation of any of the 189 [[TLD]]s applied for in the 2011 round that overlap with its alternative [[Root Zone|root zone]]. The suit alleges that the company is being victimized by "ICANN insiders". In the 2000 TLD expansion round, Name.Space applied to have 118 of its 482 alternative [[TLD]]s added into ICANN's root zone. The plaintiff is asking for damages and and the injunction to prevent ICANN's approval and root implementation of the 189 overlapping TLDs.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/10754-company-files-for-injunction-against-189-new-gtlds Company Files for Injunction Against 189 New gTLDs, DomainIncite.com]</ref>

[[Name.Space]], which has been operating an alternative root since 1996, sued ICANN in October, 2012, for trademark infringement and anti-competitive behavior. The company is seeking an injunction against the implementation of any of the 189 [[TLD]]s applied for in the 2011 round that overlap with its alternative [[Root Zone|root zone]]. The suit alleges that the company is being victimized by "ICANN insiders". In the 2000 TLD expansion round, Name.Space applied to have 118 of its 482 alternative [[TLD]]s added into ICANN's root zone. The plaintiff is asking for damages and and the injunction to prevent ICANN's approval and root implementation of the 189 overlapping TLDs.<ref>[http://domainincite.com/10754-company-files-for-injunction-against-189-new-gtlds Company Files for Injunction Against 189 New gTLDs, DomainIncite.com]</ref>

==Chinese version of this page==

==Search performance==

新通用顶级域项目是一项当前正在开展的项目，可以向 [[Root Zone|根区域]]添加无限数量的新 [[gTLD|通用顶级域]]。该项目的目标是增加竞争、创新和消费者选择。.<ref>[http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/about/program About the New gTLD Program icann.org]</ref> 第一轮申请于2012年1月12日开始，于2012年4月20日结束，在此期间，[[New gTLD Applicants|申请人]]通过[[TAS|顶级域申请系统]]（TAS）为他们选择的顶级域申请运营注册局。该申请窗口本应于4月12日关闭，但是由于TAS系统出现了一个小故障，导致系统关闭了一段时间，之后又重新开启一周，允许申请人完成对系统的使用。<ref>[http://domainincite.com/8511-tas-glitch-not-an-attack-says-icann TAS glitch “not an attack” says ICANN], DomainIncite.com. Published 12 April 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2012.</ref>

As of December 2014, no clear consensus has emerged. Some have found that new gTLDs perform as well as or better than original TLDs, <ref>[http://www.circleid.com/posts/20141210_early_data_suggests_new_gtlds_perform_well_in_search_environment/ Early data suggests new gTLDs perform well in search environment] Circleid, retrieved 17th December 2014.</ref> while others maintain that new gTLDs have no advantage in search.<ref>[http://domainnamewire.com/2014/12/15/new-tlds-search-results/ New TLDs search results] Domain Name Wire 15th December 2014, retrieved 17th December 2014.</ref>

 

在2012年4月，结束对互联网名称与数字地址分配机构（ICANN）的“新通用顶级域项目”的注册以后，结果显示共有1,268名申请人参与该项目。<ref>[http://domainincite.com/icann-expects-at-least-1268-new-gtld-applications/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+DomainIncite+%28DomainIncite.com%29 ICANN Expects At Least 1268 New gTLD Applications, DomainIncite.com]</ref>据6月13日（“揭晓日”）的结果显示，共有1,930份申请：其中有84份为[[Community gTLD|社区申请]]，116份为针对[[IDN|]国际化域名（IDN）]的申请，还有230份申请中包含一名或多名申请人，因此需要通过[[String Contention|字符串争用机制]] 来解决。这意味着“新通用顶级域项目”的首轮将最多产生1,409个新通用顶级域。<ref>[http://www.thedomains.com/2012/06/13/nnew-gtlds-by-the-numbers-1930-apps-751-apps-in-conflict-max-number-of-new-gtlds-1409/ New gTLDs by the Numbers, TheDomains.com]</ref>

==References==

==References==

{{reflist}}</div>

{{reflist}}</div>

[[Category: Glossary]]

[[Category:Glossary]]

[[Category:New gTLD Program]]