Changes

The [[NSF|National Science Foundation]] signed a Cooperative Agreement with  [[Network Solutions]] (NSI) as Registry Operator and Registrar for the .com, .net and .org TLDs form 1993-1999. The registry agreement was renewed by ICANN in November, 1999. Under the new agreement, NSI agreed to create a multiple registrar system also known as the [[SRS|Shared Registration System]] (SRS), which allows independent registrars to access the system. Independent registrars were to pay NSI $6.00 for every registered or renewed domain names.<ref>[http://archive.icann.org/en/topics/new-gtlds/crai-report-24oct08-en.pdf Revisiting Vertical Separation of Registries and Registrars]</ref>

The [[NSF|National Science Foundation]] signed a Cooperative Agreement with  [[Network Solutions]] (NSI) as Registry Operator and Registrar for the .com, .net and .org TLDs form 1993-1999. The registry agreement was renewed by ICANN in November, 1999. Under the new agreement, NSI agreed to create a multiple registrar system also known as the [[SRS|Shared Registration System]] (SRS), which allows independent registrars to access the system. Independent registrars were to pay NSI $6.00 for every registered or renewed domain names.<ref>[http://archive.icann.org/en/topics/new-gtlds/crai-report-24oct08-en.pdf Revisiting Vertical Separation of Registries and Registrars]</ref>

In addition, ICANN encouraged registry and registrar business separation to promote competition by stipulating in the agreement that NSI will only be allowed to renew its registry agreement with ICANN for 4 years if it sells its registrar business.<ref>[http://archive.icann.org/en/nsi/nsi-registry-agreement-04nov99.htm ICANN-NSI Registry Agreement]</ref> In 2000, [[Verisign]] purchased NSI and re-negotiated its registry agreement for the .com, .net and .org TLDs with ICANN. ICANN did not require ownership separation but implemented structural separation. ICANN explained, ''"there is little if any additional competitive value under today's market circumstances in forbidding the registry operator from also being a registrar, so long as it is done is such a way so as not to discriminate against other competitive registrars."''<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/news/announcements/icann-pr-01mar01-en.htm Proposed Revision to ICANN-VeriSign Agreements]</ref> <ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/about/agreements/registries/verisign Revised VeriSign Registry Agreements April 16, 2001]</ref>

In addition, ICANN encouraged registry and registrar business separation to promote competition by stipulating in the agreement that NSI will only be allowed to renew its registry agreement with ICANN for 4 years if it sells its registrar business.<ref>[http://archive.icann.org/en/nsi/nsi-registry-agreement-04nov99.htm ICANN-NSI Registry Agreement]</ref> In 2000, [[Verisign]] purchased NSI and re-negotiated its registry agreement for the [[.com]], [[.net]] and [[.org]] TLDs with ICANN. ICANN did not require ownership separation but implemented structural separation. ICANN explained, ''"there is little if any additional competitive value under today's market circumstances in forbidding the registry operator from also being a registrar, so long as it is done is such a way so as not to discriminate against other competitive registrars."''<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/news/announcements/icann-pr-01mar01-en.htm Proposed Revision to ICANN-VeriSign Agreements]</ref> <ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/about/agreements/registries/verisign Revised VeriSign Registry Agreements April 16, 2001]</ref>

In 2000, ICANN introduced new generic top level domain names, which included [[.biz]], [[.info]], [[.name]] and [[.pro]]. On February 26, 2001, ICANN proposed a new registry agreement stipulating the legal separation between registry and registrar under section 3.5 Fair Treatment of ICANN-Accredited Registrars, wherein Registry Operators are not allowed to act as registrars with respect to the Registry TLD. <ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/about/agreements/registries/unsponsored/registry-agmt-26feb01-en.htm Proposed Unsponsored TLD Agreement, 26 February ]</ref>

In 2000, ICANN introduced new [[gTLD|generic top level domain names]], which included [[.biz]], [[.info]], [[.name]] and [[.pro]]. On February 26, 2001, ICANN proposed a new registry agreement stipulating the legal separation between registry and registrar under section 3.5 Fair Treatment of ICANN-Accredited Registrars, wherein Registry Operators are not allowed to act as registrars with respect to the Registry TLD. <ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/about/agreements/registries/unsponsored/registry-agmt-26feb01-en.htm Proposed Unsponsored TLD Agreement, 26 February ]</ref>

In 2005, ICANN implemented the registry-registrar separation of ownership in the registry agreement for the [[.jobs]] and [[.travel]]  sponsored TLDs. Under Section 7.1 clause b and c in the registry agreement states the following provisions:<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/about/agreements/registries/jobs/jobs-agreement.htm SPONSORED TLD REGISTRY AGREEMENT-.Jobs Registry Agreement]</ref>

In 2005, ICANN implemented the registry-registrar separation of ownership in the registry agreement for the [[.jobs]] and [[.travel]]  sponsored TLDs. Under Section 7.1 clause b and c in the registry agreement state the following provisions:<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/about/agreements/registries/jobs/jobs-agreement.htm SPONSORED TLD REGISTRY AGREEMENT-.Jobs Registry Agreement]</ref>

(b) Registry Operator Shall Not Act as Own Registrar. Registry Operator shall not act as a  

(b) Registry Operator Shall Not Act as Own Registrar. Registry Operator shall not act as a  

registrar with respect to the TLD. This shall not preclude Registry Operator from registering  

registrar with respect to the TLD. This shall not preclude Registry Operator from registering