Changes

一些观念认为，ICANN为了维护其促进竞争的基本原则，[[Vertical Separation|纵向分离]]是其采取的最重要的方法之一。2002年3月12日，[[ICANN Board|ICANN董事会]]通过了一项决议，表明该组织对执行新通用顶级域注册局和注册商“严格分离”的坚决立场。ICANN董事会还声明禁止共同所有权的存在。然而，ICANN董事会还指出：''"如果是来自通用名称支持组织（GNSO）的已经生效的政策，并且在推出新通用顶级域项目之前已经取得董事会批准，那么该政策将被董事会采纳作为新通用顶级域项目的一部分。”''<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/groups/board/documents/resolutions-12mar10-en.htm#5 Adopted Board Resolutions|Nairobi, March 12, 2010]</ref>

一些观念认为，ICANN为了维护其促进竞争的基本原则，[[Vertical Separation|纵向分离]]是其采取的最重要的方法之一。2002年3月12日，[[ICANN Board|ICANN董事会]]通过了一项决议，表明该组织对执行新通用顶级域注册局和注册商“严格分离”的坚决立场。ICANN董事会还声明禁止共同所有权的存在。然而，ICANN董事会还指出：''"如果是来自通用名称支持组织（GNSO）的已经生效的政策，并且在推出新通用顶级域项目之前已经取得董事会批准，那么该政策将被董事会采纳作为新通用顶级域项目的一部分。”''<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/groups/board/documents/resolutions-12mar10-en.htm#5 Adopted Board Resolutions|Nairobi, March 12, 2010]</ref>

During a Special Meeting on Novemer 5, 2010, the ICANN Board changed its position regarding  the [[Vertical Separation|vertical separation]] of registries and registrars. The Board removed the restriction on cross ownership on the Registry Agreements and replaced it with ''"requirements and restrictions on any inappropriate or abusive conduct arising out of registry-registrar cross ownership..."'' These abusive conducts are not limited to misuse of data and violations of a registry code of conduct. In addition, ICANN also stated that it will include additional enforcement mechanisms such as self-auditing requirements, contractual termination and punitive damages. Moreover, it also emphasized that "it will have the ability to refer issues to relevant competition authorities."<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/groups/board/documents/resolutions-05nov10-en.htm Special Meeting of the ICANN Board of Directors, ICANN's Silicon Valley Office, Palo Alto, California, USA]</ref>

在2010年11月5日的一次特别会议期间，ICANN董事会对注册局和注册商[[Vertical Separation|纵向分离]]的立场有所改变。董事会取消了注册局协议中对交叉所有权的限制，而改为''"针对由于注册局注册商交叉所有权引起的任何不当或滥用行为的要求和限制……''"这些滥用行为不限于误用数据以及违反注册局行为准则。此外，ICANN还申明其将采取其他执行机制，比如自我审计要求、合同终止和惩罚性损害赔偿。而且，ICANN还强调“它将拥有向相关竞争管理机构递交争议的权力。<ref>[http://www.icann.org/en/groups/board/documents/resolutions-05nov10-en.htm Special Meeting of the ICANN Board of Directors, ICANN's Silicon Valley Office, Palo Alto, California, USA]</ref>

===ICANN's Reasons for Policy Change on Vertical Separation===

===ICANN's Reasons for Policy Change on Vertical Separation===