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The '''Domain Name System (DNS''') is a hierarchical naming system for computers, services, or any other resources connected to the Internet. See [[How the Domain Name System Works]] for a brief overview of the DNS. See [[Pre-ICANN History of the DNS]] for the development of the DNS in the 20th century.
The '''Domain Name System (DNS''') is a hierarchical naming system for computers, services, or any other resources connected to the Internet. See [[How the Domain Name System Works]] for a brief overview of the DNS. See [[Pre-ICANN History of the DNS]] for the development of the DNS in the 20th century. The DNS is a Namespace: a collection of wordstrings organized into a hierarchy of labels. It is a distributed name registration framework that assigns unique licenses to use to human-readable strings for money. It is also distributed database that assigns wordstrings to IP addresses. It is a protocol to resolve wordstrings into an attribute (a singular IP address. It is a signaling medium.<ref>[https://apacdnsforum.my/virtual/180/lobby Geoff Huston, Future of the Domain Name System, APAC DNS Forum 2022]</ref>
==DNS Components==
==DNS Components==
*[[Distributed Database]]: an archive of information about the computers in a network
*[[Distributed Database]]: an archive of information about the computers in a network
===[[Top-Level Domain|Top-Level Domains]]===
===[[Top-Level Domain|Top-Level Domains]]===
*The DNS maintains a database of top-level domains (TLDs) that can be accessed via the Internet. Top-level domains fall into three broad categories:
*The DNS maintains a database of top-level domains (TLDs) that can be accessed via the Internet. Top-level domains fall into three broad categories:
**[[GTLD|generic TLDs]] (gTLDs);
**[[GTLD|generic TLDs]] (gTLDs);
**[[CcTLD|country code TLDs]] (ccTLDs); and
**[[CcTLD|country code TLDs]] (ccTLDs); and
**[[Internationalized Domain Name|internationalized domain names]] (IDNs)
**[[Internationalized Domain Name|internationalized domain names]] (IDNs)
*[[Registry]] operators maintain the database of registrations for a particular TLD.
*[[Registry]] operators maintain the database of registrations for a particular TLD.
==Challenges==
==Challenges==
[[DNS Value and Vulnerability|Ensuring the resiliency, stability, and security of the DNS is critical to perpetuating the usefulness of the Internet]]. The DNS has two key types of vulnerabilities: complexity and bad actors.
Continuing the hegemony of the DNS as the Internet means coping with the issues and questions about control ([[Internet Governance|who gets to control it]]), [[Data Privacy]], [[trust]], [[Internet Fragmentation|fragmentation]], security as a rendezvous tool and a collection of markets, [[DNS Abuse]], [https://www.icann.org/en/public-comment/proceeding/recommendations-for-early-warning-for-root-zone-scaling-05-10-2020 scaling], [https://www.senki.org/network-operations-scaling/dns-latency-and-performance-test-tools/ speed], and the [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3746594 economics].
Ensuring the resiliency, stability, and security of the DNS is critical to perpetuating the usefulness of the Internet. The DNS has two key types of [[DNS Value and Vulnerability|vulnerabilities]]: complexity and bad actors.
===Complexity===
===Complexity===
#Cybersecurity experts are concerned about the [[DNS Camel]], which refers to the inexorable growth of DNS protocols over the past three decades, making it increasingly difficult to implement and secure DNS advancements.<ref>[https://www.ietf.org/blog/herding-dns-camel/ Herding the DNS Camel. IETF Blog]</ref>
#Cybersecurity experts are concerned about the [[DNS Camel]], which refers to the inexorable growth of DNS protocols over the past three decades, making it increasingly difficult to implement and secure DNS advancements.<ref>[https://www.ietf.org/blog/herding-dns-camel/ Herding the DNS Camel. IETF Blog]</ref>