Changes

==Career History==

==Career History==

Berners-Lee started his career as a programmer after his graduation in 1976 at Plessey Controls Limited, a major telecommunications equipment manufacturer in Poole, Dorset UK. He worked on bar coding, message relays, and typesetting software. After two years, he joined D.G. Nash Limited wherein he wrote a typesetting software and a multitasking operating system for intelligent printers.<ref>

Tim Berners-Lee started his career as a programmer at Plessey Controls Limited, a major telecommunications equipment manufacturer in Poole, Dorset UK. He worked on bar coding, message relays, and typesetting software. After two years, he joined D.G. Nash Limited where he wrote a typesetting software and a multitasking operating system for intelligent printers.<ref>[http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/Longer.html Tim Berners-Lee Longer Bio]</ref>

[http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/Longer.html Tim Berners-Lee Longer Bio]</ref>

In 1980, he served as consultant software engineer at the Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucleaire ([[CERN]]), the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. During his 6 months consultancy job at CERN,  he wrote '''Enquire'''-his first hypertext system which was named after an old book he found at his parents house entiled, "Enquire Within upon Everything." He used Enquire to store information, track all the researchers and projects associated with CERN. The program was never published for commercial use however, the program became the foundation of the future development of the world wide web. <ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_lee.htm Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau, and the World Wide Web]</ref>

In 1980, he served as consultant software engineer at the [[CERN|Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucleaire]] (CERN), the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. During his 6 months consultancy job at CERN,  he wrote '''Enquire'''-his first hypertext system which was named after an old book he found at his parents house entiled, "Enquire Within upon Everything." He used Enquire to store information and track all the researchers and projects associated with CERN. The program was never published for commercial use, however, it was the foundation of the future development of the world wide web. <ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_lee.htm Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau, and the World Wide Web]</ref>

In 1981, Tim served as Technical Design Lead at John Poole's Image Computer Systems for four years. He worked on real-time control firmware, graphics, communications software, generic macro language. In 1984, he returned to CERN and worked on distributed real-time systems for scientific data acquisition, system control and FASTBUS system software. He also designed a heterogeneous remote procedure call system.<ref>

In 1981, Tim served as Technical Design Lead at John Poole's Image Computer Systems for four years. He worked on real-time control firmware, graphics, communications software, and generic macro language. In 1984, he returned to CERN and worked on distributed real-time systems for scientific data acquisition, system control and FASTBUS system software. He also designed a heterogeneous remote procedure call system.<ref>

[http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/Longer.html Tim Berners-Lee Longer Bio]</ref>  

[http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/Longer.html Tim Berners-Lee Longer Bio]</ref>  

On March 1989, Tim submitted a project proposal to his superior, Mike Sendall at CERN to develop an information management system that will allow an automatic information sharing using a global hypertext system among scientists in different institutes and universities worldwide. His idea was to combine the technologies of computer networking, hypertext and personal computers to create a global and powerful information system. Sendall commented that the proposal was "vague but interesting."<ref>

In March, 1989, Tim submitted a project proposal to his superior at CERN to develop an information management system to allow automatic information sharing using a global hypertext system between scientists in different institutes and universities worldwide. His idea was to combine the technologies of computer networking, hypertext, and personal computers to create a global and powerful information system. Sendall commented that the proposal was "vague but interesting."<ref>[http://info.cern.ch/Proposal.html Tim Berners-Lee's proposal]</ref> <ref>[http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/about/web-en.html Where the Web was Born]</ref>

[http://info.cern.ch/Proposal.html Tim Berners-Lee's proposal]</ref> <ref>[http://public.web.cern.ch/public/en/about/web-en.html Where the Web was Born]</ref>

Berners-Lee developed the hypertext transfer protocol ([[HTTP]]), the language used in computers to communicate hypertext documents over the internet and the universal resource identifier ('''URI''') now called [[URL]] or uniform resource locator, a system used to locate documents by assigning a unique address while aiting for CERN to approve his proposal.<ref>[http://www.nndb.com/people/573/000023504/ Tim Berners-Lee Profile on NNDB tracking the entire world]</ref>

Berners-Lee developed the [[HTTP|hypertext transfer protocol]] (HTTP), the language used in computers to communicate hypertext documents over the internet, and the universal resource identifier, ('''URI''') now called [[URL]] or uniform resource locator, a system used to locate documents by assigning a unique address while aiting for CERN to approve his proposal.<ref>[http://www.nndb.com/people/573/000023504/ Tim Berners-Lee Profile on NNDB tracking the entire world]</ref>

In 1990, [[Robert Cailliau]], a systems engineer who also had an independent proposal to develop a hypertext system joined Berners-Lee. He revised the proposal, collaborated with Berners-Lee on papers and presentations and advocated for funding and organized the first International World Wide Web Conference([[IW3C2]]). Tim and Robert presented their joint proposal to the CERN management. Mike Sendall bought a NeXT computer to evaluate the proposal. Tim developed the first web browser and the hypertext mark up language ([[HTML]]), an integrated editor used to create hypertext documents within one month using the NeXT compter. On May 1990, the first browser-editor was developed. Tim and Robert agreed to name it as the '''"World Wide Web."''' According to Robert, "During some sessions in the CERN cafeteria, Tim and I try to find a catching name for the system. I was determined that the name should not yet again be taken from Greek mythology. Tim proposes "World-Wide Web". I like this very much, except that it is difficult to pronounce in French..." On December 25, Tim launched the world's first web server and communicated with Robert through the first website (info.cern.ch) using the NeXT computer at CERN.<ref>

In 1990, [[Robert Cailliau]], a systems engineer who also had an independent proposal to develop a hypertext system, joined Berners-Lee. He revised the proposal, collaborated with Berners-Lee on papers and presentations and advocated for funding and organized the first International World Wide Web Conference. Tim and Robert presented their joint proposal to the CERN management. Mike Sendall bought a NeXT computer to evaluate the proposal. Tim developed the first web browser and [[HTML|hypertext mark up language]] (HTML), an integrated editor used to create hypertext documents, within one month using the NeXT compter. In May, 1990, the first browser-editor was developed. Tim and Robert agreed to name it the '''"World Wide Web."''' According to Robert, "During some sessions in the CERN cafeteria, Tim and I try to find a catching name for the system. I was determined that the name should not yet again be taken from Greek mythology. Tim proposes "World-Wide Web". I like this very much, except that it is difficult to pronounce in French..." In December 25, Tim launched the world's first web server and communicated with Robert through the first website (info.cern.ch) using the NeXT computer at CERN.<ref>[http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_lee.htm Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau, and the World Wide Web]</ref>  

[http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_lee.htm Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau, and the World Wide Web]</ref>  

<ref>[http://www.netvalley.com/archives/mirrors/robert_cailliau_speech.htm A Short History of the Web]</ref><ref>[http://info.cern.ch/ The website of the world's first-ever web server]</ref>

<ref>[http://www.netvalley.com/archives/mirrors/robert_cailliau_speech.htm A Short History of the Web]</ref> <ref>[http://info.cern.ch/ The website of the world's first-ever web server]</ref>

In 1994, Tim left CERN and joined MIT. He founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) at MIT's Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS) which became Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL). In April 1999, he became the first holder of the 3Com (Computer Communication Compatibility) Founders Chair laboratory at MIT where he serves as senior researcher.<ref>[http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/3ComFounders.html Tim Berners-Lee 3Com Founders Chair]</ref> In 2009, he was appointed by Prime Minister Gordon Brown to become the United Kingdom's Public Sector Transparency Board to help advance the governments transparency agenda. He continues to serve as director of W3C and the World Wide Web Foundation.<ref>[http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/Longer.html Tim Berners-Lee Longer Bio]</ref>

In 1994, Tim left CERN and joined MIT. He founded the [[W3C|World Wide Web Consortium]] (W3C) at MIT's Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS), which became the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL). In April, 1999, he became the first holder of the 3Com (Computer Communication Compatibility) Founders Chair laboratory at MIT, where he served as senior researcher.<ref>[http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/3ComFounders.html Tim Berners-Lee 3Com Founders Chair]</ref> In 2009, he was appointed by Prime Minister Gordon Brown to the United Kingdom's Public Sector Transparency Board to help advance the governments' transparency agenda. He continues to serve as director of W3C and the World Wide Web Foundation.<ref>[http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/Longer.html Tim Berners-Lee Longer Bio]</ref>

==Education==

==Education==